抗瓜氨酸化纤维蛋白原β67-77肽抗体在类风湿关节炎诊断中的意义

目的 检测类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清抗纤维蛋白原(FIB) β67-77肽(FIB β67-77)及抗瓜氨酸化纤维蛋白原(C-FIB) β67-77肽(C-FIB β67-77)抗体水平,评价IgG、IgA、IgM型抗C-FIB β67-77抗体在RA诊断中的价值.方法 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测227例RA患者、188例疾病对照和100名健康对照组血清抗C-FIB β67-77抗体的水平,分析其在RA诊断中的意义.结果 (1)RA患者IgG、IgA、IgM型抗C-FIB β67-77抗体滴度均值(分别为104.8、69.6和78.2)均高于其他对照组(P＜0.01).而各组血清中抗FIB β67-77抗体的滴度差异无统计学意义.(2)抗C-FIBβ67-77抗体IgG型、IgA型和IgM型在RA中诊断的敏感性分别为50.7％、48.5％和55.1％;特异性分别为94.8％、92.7％和92.4％.联合检测3个亚型敏感性为87.7％,特异性可达78.5％.(3)抗C-FIB β67-77抗体IgG型、IgM型和IgA型在IgM-RF阴性患者中的阳性率分别是52.9％、39.2％和54.9％;抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗核周因子(APF)和抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体3种抗体均阴性的患者中阳性率分别为48.5％、53.1％和37.5％.结论 抗C-FIBβ67-77抗体在RA诊断中具有较好的敏感性和特异性,尤其对IgM-RF、AKA、APF及抗CCP抗体阴性RA的诊断具有参考意义.     

抗瓜氨酸化纤维蛋白原抗体的检测及其在类风湿关节炎中的临床意义

目的:探讨抗瓜氨酸化的人纤维蛋白原抗体(ACF)在类风湿关节炎(RA)临床诊断中的价值.方法:采用肽酰精氨酸脱亚氨基酶将人纤维蛋白原在体外环境下催化成瓜氨酸化形式.采用ELISA方法对183例RA、121例系统性红斑狼疮、48例骨关节炎和108例健康对照者血清中的ACF水平进行检测,并与RA患者临床相关资料和实验室指标进行统计学分析. 结果: ACF在RA、系统性红斑狼疮、骨关节炎和健康对照者中的阳性率分别为67.21%,25.62%,18.75%和2.78%,对RA的敏感性为67.21%,特异性为84.84%,阳性预测值为74.55%.RA患者中ACF的阳性率显著高于其他3组(P＜0.001).与RA临床及实验室指标比较显示,ACF与红细胞沉降率(r=0.386,P＜0.001)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体(r=0.239,P＜0.05)和抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)(r=0.288,P＜0.05)具有相关性.ACF阳性组与阴性组ESR、X线分期、IgM-RF、抗CCP抗体、AKA和抗核周因子的差异有统计学意义.另外,在IgM-RF、AKA和抗核周因子阴性患者中ACF具有较高的阳性率.结论: ACF在RA中具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且与红细胞沉降率、抗CCP抗体、AKA相关,ACF阳性患者更容易出现影像学改变.另外,ACF检测对于RA相关抗体阴性的患者具有辅助诊断价值.     

早期类风湿关节炎血清抗CCP抗体、AKA与IgM-RF检测情况分析

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体、抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）及IgM型类风湿因子（IgM-RF）对早期类风湿关节炎（RA）的诊断价值。方法分析103例早期RA及259例有关节受累的非RA风湿患者的血清抗CCP抗体、AKA及IgM-RF的检测情况。分别采用ELISA方法、间接免疫荧光法及乳胶凝集法检测抗CCP抗体、AKA和IgM-RF。结果抗CCP抗体（72.8%）和IgM-RF（78.6%）对早期RA的敏感性均较AKA（36.9%）高（P均=0.0000）。抗CCP抗体、AKA和IgM-RF对早期RA的特异性分别为94.2%、90.7%及81.1%,IgM-RF较前两者低（P分别为0.0000和0.0019）。在非RA的其他弥漫性结缔组织病（DCTD）中,IgM-RF阳性率（39.1%）较AKA（17.2%）及抗CCP抗体（10.5%）高（P均〈0.05）。抗CCP抗体滴定量在阳性RA患者中平均值为（85.77±58.20）RU/ml,在阳性的非RA风湿病患者中中位数为20.06RU/ml（5.2～100.6）,前者显著高于后者（P〈0.05）。3种抗体联合分析,抗CCP抗体＋RF对RA的敏感性为61.2%,特异性为97．7％;其他组合或者敏感性较低（〈33．0％）,或者特异性较低（〈86％）。结论3种抗体中．抗CCP抗体对早期RA的诊断价值较高。IgM—RF因特异性较低、AKA因敏感性差,对早期RA的诊断作用受到影响。3种抗体联合检测时,对基结果认真分析,可减少误诊或者漏诊。     

血清GPI抗原测定对类风湿关节炎诊断的临床价值

目的:检测类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清中6-磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(GPI)抗原水平,探讨其在RA诊断中的价值.方法:选取RA 118例,非RA 106例,正常对照组60例.对上述人群血清进行GPI抗原、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体及类风湿因子(IgM-RF)检测,分析GPI抗原的水平及与CCP抗体、IgM-RF的相关性.结果:GPI抗原的阳性率在RA中为84.74%,非RA中为5.66%,正常人全部为阴性.GPI抗原、CCP抗体及IgM-RF对RA诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为GPI 84.74%、96.39%,CCP 60.17%、95.18%,IgM-RF 80.51%、79.52%.GPI抗原与CCP抗体在RA患者血清中的阳性率之间差异非常显著(P＜0.01),与IgM-RF差异不显著(P＞0.05).相关分析显示3种方法的检测结果间存在相关性.结论:用ELISA法检测血清中GPI抗原简便、结果可靠,对RA诊断具有高度的灵敏度和特异性,可作为RA患者一个新的诊断指标.     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体在类风湿关节炎中的诊断意义

目的:评价抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)在类风湿关节炎(RA)诊断中的意义及在鉴别类风湿关节炎和其他结缔组织疾病(非RA组)中的意义.方法: 对80例RA患者与45例其他结缔组织疾病患者(弥漫性结缔组织病32例、血清阴性脊柱关节病8例、痛风3例、骨性关节炎2例)检测抗CCP抗体(ELISA法),类风湿因子IgM-RF(散射比浊法).结果:IgM-RF诊断RA的敏感性较抗CCP抗体高(RA 71.3%,抗CCP抗体55%),但抗CCP抗体有更高的诊断特异性(抗CCP抗体91.1%,RF 62.2%).抗CCP抗体和IgM-RF联合检测特异性(93.3%)高于单独检测IgM-RF(P＜0.01).结论:抗CCP抗体是RA良好的血清学诊断指标,与IgM-RF联合检测可进一步提高诊断的准确性,有助于RA与其他结缔组织疾病的鉴别.     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体在类风湿性关节炎诊断中的应用评价

目的评价抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)在类风湿性关节炎(RA)诊断中的意义。方法选取类风湿性关节炎106例,其他疾病对照组223例(其中非RA的风湿性疾病132例,非风湿性疾病91例),正常对照组50例。对上述379份人群血清进行抗CCP抗体及IgM-RF检测,分析抗CCP抗体、IgM-RF及两者联合检测的敏感性、特异性、阳性预告值和阴性预告值。结果抗CCP抗体及IgM-RF对诊断RA的敏感性、特异性、阳性预告值和阴性预告值分别为:抗CCP抗体(66.04%,98.90%,95.89%,88.24%),IgM-RF(74.53%,79.49%,58.52%,88.93%)。抗CCP抗体与IgM-RF联合检测敏感性和特异性分别为58.49%、99.27%,阳性预告值和阴性预告值分别为96.88%、86.03%。提示抗CCP抗体特异性、阳性预告值明显高于IgM-RF,IgM-RF较抗CCP抗体敏感性、阴性预告值高,两者联合检测可提高诊断的特异性和阳性预告值,但不能提高敏感性和阴性预告值。结论抗CCP抗体对RA诊断特异性高,IgM-RF特异性相对较低,两者联合检测可提高诊断的特异性及阳性预告值,但不能提高敏感性和阴性预告值。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清中抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体不同亚型的临床意义

目的检测类风湿关节炎（RA）患者血清中不同亚型的抗环瓜氦酸肽（CCP）抗体,探讨其在RA中的相关临床意义。方法采用ELISA法检测135例RA患者、53例非RA的其他结缔组织病（CTD）患者和45例健康体检者血清中抗CCP抗体－IgA、IgG和IgM,并用比浊法检测类风湿因子（RF）－IgM。结果RA患者血清中的抗CCP抗体－IgA、IgG、IgM的检出率分别为57．8％、73．3％、30．4％,均高于CTD组和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。RA患者的RF－IgM阳性者中的抗CCP抗体－IgA、IgG、IgM的阳性检出率均高于RF－IgM阴性者（P〈0．05）。抗CCP抗体一IgA、IgG亚型在≥24个月、7～23个月病程组中的阳性率高于≤6个月组（P〈005）,但≥24个月与7～23个月阳性率的比较差异无统计学意义（P〉005）。抗CCP抗体一IgM在≥24个月的阳性率低于≤6个月组（P〈005）,但7～23个月与≥24个月、≤6个月病程组间的阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。抗CCP抗体一IgA、IgM对RA的诊断敏感度均低于抗CCP抗体－IgG,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;而抗CCP抗体－IgA、IgM的诊断特异度分别与抗CCP抗体－IgG的比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论RA患者血清中存在不同亚型的抗CCP抗体,抗CCP抗体－IgA、IgM在RA诊断中与IgG亚型有相似的诊断特异度。     

抗CCP抗体、补体及免疫球蛋白在类风湿性关节炎病理过程中的变化及临床意义

目的:检测类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、补体(C_3、C_4)及免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法:将100例RA初治患者作为观察组,另选60例健康者作为对照组。根据DAS28评分将RA患者分为高度活动组(25例)、中度活动组(30例)、低度活动组(24例)和缓解组(21例)。分别测定RA患者和健康者血清抗CCP抗体、C_3、C_4、IgG、IgA及IgM水平,比较RA患者与健康者以及不同病情活动的RA患者之间各血清指标水平差异,并分析抗CCP抗体与补体和免疫球蛋白的相关性。结果:(1)观察组抗CCP抗体[(67.75±21.28)U/mL]、C_3[(1.95±1.14)g/L]、C_4[(0.63±0.22)g/L]、IgG[(18.77±4.83)g/L]、IgA[(4.74±1.06)g/L]及IgM[(4.02±0.98)g/L]水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)RA活动期抗CCP抗体、C_3、C_4、IgG、IgA及IgM水平显著高于缓解期(P<0.05);其中,中、高度活动组抗CCP抗体[(73.83±5.28)U/mL、(86.50±6.39)U/mL]、C_3[(2.24±0.18)、(2.35±0.20)g/L]、C_4[(0.70±0.11)、(0.74±0.09)g/L]、IgG[(19.65±3.02)、(21.30±2.44)g/L]、IgA[(5.64±1.25)、(6.00±1.13)g/L]及IgM[(4.42±0.94)、(4.83±0.77)g/L]水平均显著高于低度活动组(P<0.05);高度活动组患者抗CCP抗体水平明显高于中度活动组(P<0.05)。(3)RA患者血清抗CCP抗体与C_3、C_4、IgG、IgA、IgM均呈显著正相关(r分别为0.462、0.554、0.558、0.772、0.741,P均<0.05)。结论:RA患者血清中抗CCP抗体、补体及免疫球蛋白水平均升高,并与RA病情活动度有关,可作为RA早期诊断及病情监测的重要指标。     

慢性牙周炎患者抗伴放线放线杆菌IgG滴度改变的临床意义

目的：明确慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis, CP)患者血清抗伴放线放线杆菌(Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Aa)血清c型的抗体反应并探讨其与牙周临床指标的关系。方法: 采集30例CP患者和45例牙周健康者的空腹静脉血, 同时收集CP患者的龈下菌斑和非刺激性全唾液用于Aa的检测(PCR方法), 应用酶联免疫吸附方法（ELISA）测定血清中抗Aa血清c型IgG抗体滴度。结果: CP组和健康对照组血清抗Aa血清c型抗体检出率均为100%。CP组IgG抗体滴度高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义［(10.9 ± 1.9） vs （9.1 ± 1.8）, P=0.000］; 同时CP组抗体滴度升高率也高于健康对照组, 差异有统计学意义(23.3% vs 0%, P=0.003)。龈下菌斑或唾液Aa检出阳性的7例慢性牙周炎患者血清IgG抗体滴度(12.6 ± 1.6)高于Aa阴性患者(10.4 ± 1.7), 差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。 CP患者血清抗Aa IgG抗体滴度与全口平均探诊深度呈正相关(r=0.344, P=0.068)。结论: 血清c型为CP患者定植的Aa的重要血清型;CP患者血清抗Aa抗体并非简单的保护作用。     

类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化的临床特点

目的：分析类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis, RA）合并肺间质纤维化(interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, IPF)患者的临床特点。方法：回顾性总结2006年在北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科住院的198例RA患者,分析其中RA-IPF患者的临床及实验室指标,并比较合并和不合并IPF的RA患者年龄、病程、临床表现、实验室指标、吸烟及用药史等,系统分析RA-IPF患者的临床特点。结果：（1）198例RA患者中30例合并IPF,占15.2%（30/198）。所有RA-IPF患者均存在高分辨率CT（high resolution computer tomography, HRCT）改变,其中63.3%（19/30）患者胸部X线提示IPF, 46.7%（14/30）患者有呼吸道症状, 50.0%（15/30）患者存在肺底Velcro啰音。30例RA-IPF患者中均无杵状指,仅1例伴低氧血症。多数患者IPF发生于关节症状之后。（2）合并IPF的RA患者组年龄明显高于不合并IPF组［(65.50 ± 9.71) vs (55.22 ± 12.98)岁, P<0.01］;抗角蛋白抗体（anti-keratin antibodies, AKA）阳性率明显增高（61.5% vs 35.9%, P=0.014）;RA IPF组抗环瓜氨酸肽（cyclic citrullinated peptide, CCP）抗体水平明显高于不合并IPF的RA患者［（4.38 ± 2.08） vs （3.20 ± 2.12）, P=0.01］。两组患者病程、吸烟史和用药史、IgM型类风湿因子、IgG型类风湿因子、抗核抗体、抗SSA抗体、免疫球蛋白和补体水平等比较差异无统计学意义。结论：RA-IPF患者多数临床表现轻微,老年患者多见,AKA和抗CCP抗体可能是与RA-IPF密切相关的重要抗体。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.