高强度聚焦超声体外治疗人恶性实体肿瘤的病理学变化

目的 研究高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）体外治疗人恶性实体肿瘤的病理学变化。方法 HIFU治疗164例恶性实体肿瘤病人,其中30例治疗后常规外科手术,观察治疗区组织的病理学变化。结果 HIFU治疗区与非治疗区边界清楚,治疗区内组织出现凝固性坏死。组织学检查显示治疗区内全部肿瘤细胞出现不可逆性损伤征象,其边缘有新生肉芽组织形成和淋巴细胞浸润。结论 HIFU体外治疗恶性实体肿瘤是安全、有效和可行的,该技术将为临床无创性治疗肿瘤提供一种全新的治疗手段。     

高强度聚焦超声联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的初步疗效研究

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声(high intensive focused ultrasound,HIFU)联合介入化疗栓塞或全身静脉化疗治疗恶性实体肿瘤的近期疗效. 方法 2001年7月～2002年12月,对84例恶性实体肿瘤先介入化疗栓塞或全身静脉化疗,再行HIFU治疗,观察治疗前后患者临床症状、肝功能(ALT、AST)、影像学(ECT、MRI或CT)的变化. 结果联合治疗后患者临床症状缓解率92.5%(62/67);56例肝癌ALT、AST异常降至正常水平分别占58.9%(33/56)、66.1%(37/56),AFP降低＞50%占71.9%(23/32);MRI或CT示肿瘤坏死范围＞50%占91.7%(77/84),其中＞80%占61.9%(52/84),肿瘤坏死范围＜50%占8.3%(7/84). 结论 HIFU联合介入化疗栓塞或全身静脉化疗治疗恶性实体肿瘤近期疗效满意.     

抗肿瘤新生血管形成治疗实体肿瘤的研究进展

目的：探讨抗肿瘤新生血管形成治疗实体肿瘤的可行性。方法：对近5年的国内，外有关文献进行综述。结果：实体肿瘤的生长，发展，转移及预后好坏均与肿瘤新生血管形成密切相关，体外及动物实验表明，抑制，阻断肿瘤新生血管形成后可以抑制肿瘤的生长及转移。结论：抗肿瘤新生血管形成将成为治疗实体肿瘤的一个有希望的新策略。     

假肌源性血管内皮瘤一例分析并文献回顾

目的 探讨假肌源性血管内皮瘤的临床及影像学表现。方法 分析我院一例假肌源性血管内皮瘤的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学及病理学特征，并结合文献进行回顾，总结该病的临床、病理及影像学特征。结果 患者进行实验室及影像学检查后，行右侧髂骨肿物及右臀部皮下肿物切除术，术后恢复良好。结论 假肌源性血管内皮瘤是一种少见的低~中度恶性的血管内皮瘤，影像学上具有软组织肿瘤的特点，熟悉其临床表现、影像学及病理学特征，有助于对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

脊柱恶性纤维组织细胞瘤临床诊治16例报告

目的：探讨脊柱恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的临床特点及其手术方式。方法：1996～2001年收治16例脊柱恶性纤维组织细胞瘤患者(平均年龄47岁)，经临床及影像学诊断确诊后采取手术治疗。肿瘤位于颈椎者1例，行前路肿瘤切除钢板同定；位于胸椎者6例，采用经胸人路行肿瘤切除、植骨或骨水泥椎体重建加Z—plate内固定；位于腰椎者3例，采用后路、侧方入路或胸腹联合入路行肿瘤切除、植骨或骨水泥椎体重建、后路椎弓根、Kaneda等内固定方法；位于骶椎者4例，采用TSRH腰椎骨盆内固定重建术，2例患者仅行肿瘤切除术。术前、术后均进行化疗。术后对患者疼痛情况、影像学表现等进行随访，平均随访2．5年。结果：术中平均出血量2306ml，所有患者平均疼痛下降2．19级，7例有肿瘤复发(43．75％)。未发现椎体塌陷和内固定失败。随访中全组均存活。结论：在胸腹腔等部位生长的肿瘤容易形成巨大软组织肿块，术中出血较多。根据肿瘤的不同部位，在肿瘤切除后，可以采用不同形式的椎体重建和内固定。术前术后应联合化疗。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗高危前列腺增生症的临床疗效

目的 评价高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗高危前列腺增生症的近期疗效及安全性。方法 选择高危前列腺增生症患者102例，超声定位实时监视下，从体外将高能量超声聚焦于增生的前列腺组织，应用FEP-BY02型高强度聚焦超声治疗机进行HIFU治疗，治疗后定期随访观察患者临床症状、体征及瘤体超声影像学变化。结果 102例患者治疗后近期总有效率为92.2%（显效＋有效＋部分有效），其中显效11例（10.8%），有效43例（42.2%），部分有效40例（39.2%），无效8例（7.8%）。结论 HIFU体外治疗可作为一种无手术创伤治疗高危前列腺增生症安全有效方法之一。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗晚期胰腺癌对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：探查高强度聚焦超声治疗胰腺癌对机体细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：应用HIFUNIT-9000型治疗仪对65例Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的胰腺癌病人进行治疗；VAS法评估治疗前后病人疼痛程度的改变；超声、CT观察治疗前后肿瘤大小及影像学特征的改变；流式细胞仪检测治疗前后病人外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。17例未行HIFU治疗的中晚期胰腺癌病人作为对照。结果：65例病人治疗后，疼痛减轻52例（80．0％），治疗后评分疼痛下降程度明显大于对照组（P〈0．01）；56例（86．1％）治疗后肿瘤癌组织多普勒B超显示血供减少；CT证实HIFU组治疗前、后肿瘤增长幅度小于对照组（P〈0．05）；外周血γδT细胞及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比例均高于治疗前（P〈0．05）。结论：HIFU治疗晚期胰腺癌不仅安全有效，还可增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗55例原发性肝癌后的早期影像学变化

目的：研究高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）的早期影像学变化，为建立HIFU治疗肝癌的评价标准提供依据。方法：HIFU治疗本组55例PLC病人，观察治疗前后彩色多普勒超声、DSA、CT或MRI的变化。结果：与治疗前比较，经HIFU治疗后1-2周内肝癌出现治疗有效的影像学变化。其中，MRI是评价疗效的最佳检查方法，主要表现为T1和T2加权相信号的变化，以及动态增强相癌灶血液供应消失，边缘出现环状薄层的强化带。结论：MRI能及时判断HIFU是否完全灭活肝癌，治疗区有无残存癌组织和确定治疗范围。     

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断与手术治疗

目的总结脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断和手术治疗经验，探讨其诊断治疗方法。方法回顾性分析近10年来显微外科手术治疗12例脊髓血管母细胞瘤的临床资料。结果12例脊髓血管母细胞瘤MRI均表现为边界清楚的、增强后明显均匀强化的脊髓内占位。DSA表现为富血供肿瘤染色影。12例患者均经手术全切除病变，病理学诊断为血管母细胞瘤；术后运动及感觉障碍改善7例，无变化3例，即刻加重1个月内恢复2例；无手术死亡病例。随访6—60个月，无一例复发。结论脊髓血管母细胞瘤手术治疗效果好，有症状者应早期手术治疗。     

假肌源性血管内皮瘤一例分析并文献回顾

目的 探讨假肌源性血管内皮瘤的临床及影像学表现。方法 分析我院一例假肌源性血管内皮瘤的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学及病理学特征,并结合文献进行回顾,总结该病的临床、病理及影像学特征。结果 患者进行实验室及影像学检查后,行右侧髂骨肿物及右臀部皮下肿物切除术,术后恢复良好。结论 假肌源性血管内皮瘤是一种少见的低~中度恶性的血管内皮瘤,影像学上具有软组织肿瘤的特点,熟悉其临床表现、影像学及病理学特征,有助于对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Heat fixation of cancer cells ablated with high-intensity-focused ultrasound in patients with breast cancer

BACKGROUND: High-intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive thermal ablation technique. This study reports the use of histological techniques for the pathological assessment of HIFU effects in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer underwent HIFU treatment for primary breast lesion. Mastectomy was performed on all patients after HIFU. By using histological examinations, the surgical specimens were assessed to explore HIFU effects on breast cancer. RESULTS: Coagulation necrosis of targeted tumors was confirmed by microscopy in 23 patients. Tumor cells presented typical characteristics of coagulation necrosis in the peripheral region of the ablated tumor in all patients. However, in 11 of 23 patients, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed normal cellular structure in the central ablated tumor. By using electronic microscopy and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase stain, those who had normal-appearing cancer cells were not viable. CONCLUSIONS: HIFU can cause the heat fixation of ablated tumor through thermal effect.     

高强度体外聚焦超声治疗腹部恶性肿瘤29例初步报告

目的：观察FEP－BY01肿瘤热治疗机治疗腹部实体肿瘤的效果及并发症。方法：FEP－BY01肿瘤热疗治疗治疗腹部各种实体肿瘤29例，并将其分成空腔脏器肿瘤和实质脏器肿瘤两组，分别观察治疗效果。结果：空腔脏器肿瘤7例，肿瘤总值消失率为6／7，NC为1／7，实质脏器肿瘤22例，显效率40．9％（9／22），有效率45．5％（10／22），无效率13．6％（3／22）。全组治疗无穿孔，大出血等并发症。结论：高强度体外聚焦超声技术对治疗腹部肿瘤，是一项效果明显又十分安全的新型局部治疗技术。     

Preliminary Experience Using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Stage Renal Malignancy

PurposeWe present the preliminary results of patients with advanced stage renal malignancy treated with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and investigate the safety and feasibility of using HIFU in the treatment of selected patients with renal tumors.Materials and MethodsHIFU treatment was performed in 12 patients with advanced stage renal cell carcinoma and 1 patient with colon cancer metastasized to kidney. Patients were followed after treatment to observe complications and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Complications and changes in symptoms seen at presentation were recorded. Mid stream urine specimens were sent for microscopy and serum creatinine was measured postoperatively. Followup radiological examinations were performed to detect tumor response to the ablation.ResultsA total of 13 patients received HIFU treatment safely, including 10 who had partial ablation and 3 who had complete tumor ablation. After HIFU hematuria disappeared in 7 of 8 patients and flank pain of presumed malignant origin disappeared in 9 of 10 patients. Postoperative images showed decrease in or absence of tumor blood supply in the treated region and significant shrinkage of the ablated tumor. Of the 13 patients 7 died (median survival 14.1 months, range 2 to 27) and 6 were still alive with median followup of 18.5 months (range 10 to 27).ConclusionsThis preliminary experience suggests that HIFU could be safe and feasible in the treatment of patients with advanced renal malignancy.     

Ultrasonidos extracorpóreos de alta intensidad: alternativa terapéutica del tumor renal

ObjectivesHigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to be used for the treatment of solid tumors in minimally invasive procedures. Transducers allowing for application of ultrasound from an extracorporeal focus have recently been developed. A review is provided of the development, physical principles, and current status of this therapy, and our early experience with it for the treatment of renal tumors is reported.Materials and methodsExtracorporeal HIFU is currently being used for the treatment of tumors (mainly hepatic, gynecological, and bone tumors), and has been started to be used for renal tumors with good results. A literature review (structured search in the online MEDLINE electronic base) of the physical principles of this treatment and its biological action is provided. The therapeutic procedure used in the first few patients with renal carcinoma successfully treated with HIFU at our hospital is reported.ResultsThis therapy has been successfully used to treat solid tumors at several centers in Europe, America, and Asia. Our center has a wide experience in treatment of gynecological tumors using extracorporeal HIFU, and has already treated renal tumors with no complications, although follow-up is still short.ConclusionsExtracorporeal use of this energy appears as a new option among non-invasive therapies for renal cancer in selected cases. A low complication rate has been noted, but much longer follow-up times are required for assessment of oncological results.     

Extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound for renal tumours: a 3‐year follow‐up

Study Type – Therapy (case series)
Level of Evidence 4

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether primary extracorporeal high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is safe, feasible and effective for managing small renal tumours.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Although surgery currently remains the standard treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the increasing incidence of small renal cancers has led to a shift towards nephron‐sparing surgery, with associated morbidity in 20–25% of cases, and minimally invasive ablative therapies present an alternative management. HIFU results in ‘trackless’ homogenous tissue ablation and when administered via an extracorporeal device, is entirely noninvasive. The study comprised 17 patients (mean tumour size 2.5 cm) with radiologically suspicious renal tumours who underwent extracorporeal HIFU using the Model‐JC System (Chongqing HAIFU^TM, China), under general anaesthesia with one overnight hospital stay. Real‐time diagnostic ultrasonography was used for targeting and monitoring. Patients were followed with a clinical review and gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at 12 days and every 6 months for a mean of 36 months. The outcomes measures were patient morbidity and oncological efficacy of HIFU treatment.

RESULTS

Of the 17 patients, 15 were treated according to protocol; two procedures were abandoned due to intervening bowel. There were no major complications related to HIFU. Radiological evidence of ablation was apparent at 12 days in seven of the 15 patients. Before the 6‐month follow‐up one patient had surgery due to persisting central enhancement. Fourteen patients were evaluated at the 6‐month follow‐up; eight tumours had involuted (mean 12% decrease in tumour area). Four patients had irregular enhancement on imaging and had alternative therapies. Ten patients remain on follow‐up at a mean (range) of 36 (14–55) months after HIFU (mean 30% decrease in tumour area). There was central loss of enhancement in all.

CONCLUSIONS

Renal HIFU achieves stable lesions in two‐thirds of patients, with minimal morbidity, and might be appropriate in selected cases. Further trials with accurate histological follow‐up are essential to fully evaluate this novel technique.     

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) followed after one to two weeks by radical retropubic prostatectomy: results of a prospective study

BACKGROUND: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) consists of focused ultrasound waves emitted from a transducer that are capable of inducing tissue damage. Experimental studies have shown clear damage of malignant tissue exposed to HIFU, but knowledge of in vivo effects is limited. We studied the safety and efficacy of HIFU in patients with a T1-2 N0) M0 prostate carcinoma. METHODS: HIFU treatment was performed under general anesthesia with the Ablatherm device (Technomed Medical Systems, Lyon, France), 7-12 days prior to radical prostatectomy. Only the lobe in which carcinoma was confirmed was treated. The radical prostatectomy specimen was examined histopathologically, and the changes were compared with treatment goals. RESULTS: So far, 9 patients have been treated. On histology, a sharp delineation was noted between areas treated with HIFU and untreated areas. On the dorsal border, however, incomplete destruction of tissue was noted, and in 2 cases a small residual tumor was seen in this region. In all cases complete necrosis was seen in the treated region. CONCLUSIONS: Histology reports of radical prostatectomy specimens of patients operated 7-12 days after HIFU treatment showed marked and complete necrosis in the treated area. Due to incomplete tissue destruction at the dorsal side, however, a small focus of residual vital tumor was found in 2 of 9 patients.     

超声造影评价高强度聚焦超声治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效的临床研究

目的 探讨超声造影对高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗局限性前列腺癌早期疗效评价的应用价值.方法 采用HIFU-2001型高强度聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统,对17例局限性前列腺癌进行治疗.治疗前及治疗后1个月分别行超声造影检查,观察瘤体内部及周边组织血流灌注信号特点,据此判定疗效.同时根据直肠指检、经直肠前列腺B超检查前列腺肿块大小、血清PSA等结果进行客观疗效判定.将两疗效判定结果进行对比分析.结果 HIFU治疗前,所有前列腺低回声结节均呈快速高增强.HIFU治疗后,超声造影显示治疗有效15例,其中无增强12例、少量低增强3例;无效2例,仍表现为快速高增强.客观疗效判定有效15例,血清PSA下降幅度均≥50%,其中2例前列腺结节体积缩小≥50%;无效2例,血清PSA、前列腺低回声结节大小体积均与治疗前水平相当.客观疗效判定结果与超声造影结果相符.结论 超声造影能准确显示HIFU治疗局限性前列腺癌的消融范围及程度,是评价早期治疗效果的可靠方法.     

高强聚焦超声(HIFU)无创治疗肿瘤技术的崛起

20世纪40年代,美国学者首次提出了高强聚焦超声治疗技术的概念,并进行了初步的工程和临床研究.70、80年代间,治疗肿瘤的温热疗法曾盛行一时.90年代之后,高强聚焦超声外科肿瘤治疗技术在国际上重新崛起,我国率先推出了大型高强聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统,并成功地应用于临床治疗乳腺癌、骨肿瘤、肝癌等多种实体肿瘤.迄今,该"JC型高强聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统"已出口到英国、意大利、西班牙、日本、韩国等许多欧亚国家,在诸如欧洲肿瘤治疗中心等20多个医疗中心运行,治疗肿瘤患者达数万例.我国持续保持着引领世界超声无创治疗技术发展的领先地位.

Abstract：

In the 40 years of last centry American scientists put forward a concep of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapeutic technique and had done some technical and clinical studies. Since 90 years the HIFU surgery technique treating tumors anew rised abruptly in the world. China firstly put out a comprehensive HIFU tumor treating sistem and successfully treated many solid tumors such as breast cancer, bone tumor, liver cancer etc.. Now the treating sistem has already exported to England, Italy,Spain, Japan, Colea etc. and treated tens thousands tumor patients. In the field of noninvasive ultrasound treating tumor technique China has continually kept the leading position in the world.