羧乙基锗倍半氧化物抗移植瘤实验

将移植了ＨｅｐＡ鼠肝癌的ＮＩＨ鼠随机分为四组，一组作对照组，另三组分别给予Ｇｅ－１３２、ＣＹ、Ｇｅ－１３２＋ＣＹ治疗。２周后处死，测定血清中ＳＯＤ活性，对瘤体进行病理切片检查。结果表明：治疗组肿瘤重量较轻，ＳＯＤ活性较高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｇｅ－１３２组的癌组织中白细胞浸润程度较高，细胞免疫力较强。对鼠肝癌的抑制率，Ｇｅ－１３２与ＣＹ合用有相加作用。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对亚硝基哌嗪诱导大鼠鼻咽癌早期增生病变…

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）在多种体外及动物试验系统中均已证实具有抗致癌作用。本研究在亚硝基哌嗪（ＤＮＰ）诱导大鼠鼻咽癌癌前增生病变（Ⅱ级）模型中，再次证实了Ｇｅ－１３２这类作用。所用ＤＮＰ剂量为３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，皮下注入每ｗｋ２次，共６ｗｋ，分别在实验的第１２０、２２０、２７０及３００ｄ杀鼠作病理形态及组化检查。随着时间加长，ＤＮＰ引起鼻咽部非典型加重。由柱状上皮转化为圆形储备细胞出现多层增     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对实验诱发小鼠前胃癌变率的影响

 用羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ge-132）处理NSEE诱发的小鼠前胃鳞状上皮增生、癌变，结果发现实验组的癌变率显着低于对照组（P<0.05）,抑癌率为42.9%,实验组核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（Ag-NOR）数目及不规则型颗粒的比例显着低子对照组（P<0.05）,而实验组之癌周淋巴细胞浸润反应程度较对照组显着增强（P<0,05）.以上结果表明Ge-132可显着降低NSEE诱发小鼠前胃癌的癌变率，并可影响Ag-NOR在小鼠前胃鳞状上皮细胞中的表达，Ge-132的以上作用可能与其提高小鼠局部细胞免疫力有关。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物在黄曲霉毒素B1致大鼠肝癌过程中的抗氧化作用研究

目的与方法：本文采用ＡＦＢ１致大鼠肝癌体内短期实验模型，测定血清与肝组织的ＳＯＤ活力，进一步研究摄入Ｇｅ－１３２的剂量、时间与抗氧化作用的关系。结果：发现Ｇｅ－１３２具有抵抗ＡＦＢ１降低ＳＯＤ活力的作用，Ｇｅ－１３２的摄入时间、剂量可影响ＳＯＤ活力大小。结论：Ｇｅ－１３２的抗氧化作用与抑癌作用有关，并具有一定的防癌作用。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ge—132）的抗诱变作用研究

本研究用果蝇伴性隐性致死（ＳＬＲＬ）实验，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变实验（Ａｍｅｓ）实验，小鼠骨髓细胞微核（ＭＮ）实验分别检测了Ｇｅ－１３２的抗诱变作用。结果表明：Ｇｅ－１３２在低浓度一定范围内（０．１％，０．０１％）对甲基磺酸乙酯诱发果蝇ＳＬＲＬ突变具有较弱的抗诱变作用Ｇｅ－１３２对２－氨基芴诱发的ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００回变无抗诱变作用，对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠髓细胞微核效应呈现剂量反应关系的抗诱变作用，但     

大、小鼠摄入AFB_1和羧乙基锗倍半氧化物体内超氧化物歧化酶变化研究

本实验通过观察摄入ＡＦＢ１及Ｇｅ－１３２后Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠和昆明小鼠体内ＳＯＤ活力的变化，进一步了解ＡＦＢ１代谢途径和Ｇｅ－１３２与自由基的关系。实验表明，摄入ＡＦＢ１的ＳＯＤ活力受到抑制，而摄入Ｇｅ－１３２后ＳＯＤ活力得到提高，且一次性摄入ＡＦＢ１后ＳＯＤ活力最终得到恢复，其中大鼠对ＡＦＢ１敏感性相对较大。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物果蝇测试系统的抗诱变实验

有关羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132)的研究情况，国内外均有很多报道，Ge-132毒性极低，动物实验各种途径给药半数致死量均在数克／公斤体重以上，各种毒性实验呈阴性结果．Ge-132在部分测试系统显示了一定的抗诱变作用．但对真核生物生殖细胞的远期效应未见报道．     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对实验诱发小鼠前胃癌变率的影响

用羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ—１３２）处理ＮＳＥＥ诱发的小鼠前胃鳞状上皮增生、癌变，结果发现实验组的癌变率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），抑癌率为４２．９％，实验组核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（Ａｇ—ＮＯＲ）数目及不规则型颗粒的比例显著低子对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而实验组之癌周淋巴细胞浸润反应程度较对照组显著增强（Ｐ＜０，０５）。以上结果表明Ｇｅ—１３２可显著降低ＮＳＥＥ诱发小鼠前胃癌的癌变率，并可影响Ａｇ—ＮＯＲ在小鼠前胃鳞状上皮细胞中的表达，Ｇｅ—１３２的以上作用可能与其提高小鼠局部细胞免疫力有关。     

Prevention of Mammary Carcinogenesis in C3H/OuJ Mice by Green Tea and Tamoxifen

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is useful in the chemoprevention of breast cancer, and green tea catechins,including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may have similar actions. In this study, we investigated theireffects, alone or in combination, on mammary carcinogenesis using breast cancer cells and preneoplastic lesionsinC3H/OuJ mice. Methods: Growth inhibitory effects of EGCG and TAM on MCF-7 cells were evaluatedwith the anchorage-independent colony forming assay. The effects on mammary tumor carcinogenesis andpreneoplastic lesions were assessed in vivo using animals treated with GTE in drinking water (1%, 0.1%), or atamoxifen pellet (10 mg/ animal, subcutaneously inoculated) or both agents in combination (1%GTE + 10 mgTAM). The number and size of mammary tumors were measured weekly during treatment. At 48 weeks of age,mice were sacrificed for the examination of hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) and argyrophilic nucleolarorganizer regions (AgNOR). Results: In the anchorage-independent growth assay, EGCG and TAM exhibiteddose-dependent antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 cells. In the tumor formation assay, tumor incidences weredecreased in the GTE, TAM, and GTE+TAM groups, particularly in the latter, in which no tumors developed.AgNOR counts were also significantly lower in the 1%GTE+TAM compared with the 1%GTE group, suggestingan additional anticarcinogenic effect. Conclusion: These data suggest that GTE and TAM, individually and incombination, have potential for chemoprevention of breast cancer.     

采用图像分析系统进行三种AgNOR测量方法的对比研究

探讨较为理想的AgNOR定量分析技术。方法　对比分析了用图像分析系统进行三种不同测量方法所测得的数据。结果　三种方法测得的数据在全组 50例或分良、恶性 2组 ,每组各 2 5例的Ag NOR总数目、总面积、直径平均值、胞核面积的平均值以及它们的标准差互相比较均无显著性差异 (P >0 . 0 5)。而形状因子和异形指数平均值以及它们的标准差存在着一定的差异 (P >0 . 0 5～ <0 . 0 0 1)。结论　采用图像分析系统作模拟光镜计数和采用图像分析系统进行图像分析 (4 0×或 10 0× )均有各自的优缺点。     

Title aggregation patterns of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions induced by 5-fluorouracil in the nuclei of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

The effects of tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the patterns of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells were studied. Tamoxifen and 5-FU both inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells by 18% by day 3 of culture, but each had different effects on the AgNORs. Whereas no significant changes were induced by tamoxifen, effects on the AgNORs of MCF-7 cells by 5-FU were dramatic: 5-FU treatment changed the pattern of AgNORs, reducing the number of satellites by aggregation, typically to a single aggregation around nucleoli in a sphenoidal fashion. We named these morphological changes: fluorouracil induced AgNOR aggregations (FAA). Following treatment with 500 ng/ml 5-FU, FAA developed rapidly, AgNORs forming two or three aggregates in 24% (6 h), 24% (12 h), 40% (24 h) and 34% (48 h) of cells, compared to a control rate of 14%. Single large aggregate was rarely found in untreated cultures but after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h treatment with 500 ng/ml 5-FU, AgNORs had formed a single aggregate in 6, 8, 16 and 22% of cells, respectively. FAA were observed at a concentration of 100 ng/ml 5-FU; 48 h treatment resulted in cells in which two or three aggregates were increased by 24% and a single aggregate by 16%. These large single aggregates were larger than nucleoli stained by Papanicolau staining.     

前列腺癌细胞核中Ag—NORs的定量研究

用银胶染色技术,对15例前列腺癌的石蜡切片标本进行了银染色核仁组成区的定量研究。以15例前列腺增生和10例良性增生伴上皮增生显著病例作对照。结果表明,前列腺癌胞核内 NORs 数增多,其均值为5.05±1.49(±S),显著高于前列腺增生的2.04±0.53(±S)和良性增生伴上皮增生显著的2.08±0.51(±S),P<0.001。作者认为,Ag-NOR 技术对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有一定意义。     

外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR检测在食管癌诊断中的应用

评估肿瘤组织分裂间期的AgNOR定量分布已被广泛应用于肿瘤的诊断、疗效判断和预后评估。肿瘤免疫学证实肿瘤可诱发免疫抑制,测定T淋巴细胞核仁区的AgNOR活性表达可以探知T淋巴细胞的免疫活性状态。监测外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR活性表达在食管癌方面的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR的活性检测在食管癌患者诊断中的应用价值。     

Changes in Histologic Grade and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions during Progression of Prostate Cancer

To determine the changes in histologic features during the courseof prostate cancer under longterm endocrine therapy, histologicgrade and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs)were examined in specimens before treatment, at relapse, andat cancer death. A total of 29 patients who had received endocrinetherapy and died of prostate cancer were evaluated. Among the29 cases, biopsy tissues before treatment (25 cases) and duringprogression from endocrine therapy (10 cases) were comparedwith autopsy specimens. Histologic grade was determined by themethod of Gleason, and the number of AgNORs in cancer cellswas counted. Survival of the patients was compared with thehistologic features. There was a tendency for a higher gradeof cancer during the clinical course. Moreover, a statisticallysignificant increase in the number of AgNORs was observed frompretreatment biopsy to autopsy. Upon comparison of metastaticsites with local cancer at autopsy, no significant differencewas noticed in terms of histologic grade or AgNOR count Althoughthere was no correlation between the number of AgNORs and survivalafter initial treatment, an inverse relationship was demonstratedbetween the number of AgNORs and survival in patients with systemicprogression after endocrine therapy. In conclusion, prostatecancer shows an increase of malignant potential, as assessedby histologic grade and the number of AgNORs. Patients withcancer of high proliferative ability showing high grade andgreater numbers of AgNORs have poorer prognosis from progression.     

Nucleolar organizer region count and subjective AgNOR pattern assessment (SAPA) score in skin tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To study the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) count and subjective AgNOR pattern assessment (SAPA) score in cytologic and histologic specimens of various skin tumors. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 37 patients (14 benign and 23 malignant) of various skin tumors. In all cases, cytology by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histological specimens were studied by conventional staining and silver staining for AgNOR. RESULTS: The mean count in benign tumors in cytologic specimens was 2.08 +/- 0.01, compared with 5.50 +/- 1.12 in malignant tumors (P<0.001). In histologic specimens, mean count was 2.13 +/- 0.51 in benign, compared with 5.38 +/- 1.10 in malignant tumors (P<0.001). The SAPA score in benign tumors (P<0.001) in cytologic specimens, was 6.07 +/- 0.83, compared with 10.65 +/- 1.27 in malignant tumors, and in histology, it was 6.07 +/- 0.87 in benign, compared with 10.83 +/- 1.15 in malignant tumors (P < 0.001). Melanoma showed the higher AgNOR count compared with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. The parameters were statistically significant between the grade of tumor in squamous cell carcinoma and the positivity of lymph nodes as demonstrated by SAPA score. No correlation was found between the clinical stage and Clark level of melanoma. Although, AgNOR count and SAPA score showed similar results, the indicators of validity were higher in SAPA than AgNOR count. CONCLUSION: Although, AgNOR count and SAPA score gave similar results, but the indicators of validity were higher in SAPA score than AgNOR count.     

胃癌及胃粘膜上皮异型增生的形态计量

从嗜银染色,用VDP-1750型自动图像分析仪,对100例胃癌及胃粘膜上皮异型增生的组织结构、细胞的核和核仁组成区嗜银蛋白进行10项几何学参数、构造参数的形态计量。结果表明异型增生、腺癌的参数值随异型程度加重而递增,按SNK法作两两比较后,86.67％有非常显著性差异（P<0.01）。我们认为图像分析能对胃粘膜上皮异型增生及癌变作出客观正确的诊断、分级。     

核仁组成区在乳腺良恶性病变中的观察

本文用银胶染色技术对224例乳腺良、恶性病变组织进行了核仁组成区的观察,良性病变103例,其 AgNORs 数为3.12±0.18((?)±S(?));恶性病变121例,其 AgNORs 数为】7.28±0.70((?)±S(?)).两组之间差异有显著性(p<0.001),证明该技术对鉴别乳腺良恶性有一定意义。但是,良恶性之间的 AgNORs 数有少数重叠现象,故数量的多少不是绝对的。但恶性病变中 AgNORs 颗粒大小不一致,形态不规则,有畸形;而良性病变中,其颗粒大小一致。为圆形,规则,故鉴别诊断时,应注意形态的变化,不能单纯根据量的多少。特别是有重叠现象时,更应注意。