PEG-SO(3)H catalyzed synthesis and cytotoxicity of α-aminophosphonates

One pot three-component PEG-SO(3)H catalyzed reaction of 4-(Pyridin-4-yl)benzaldehyde and triethyl phosphite with various primary amines afforded α-aminophosphonates with high yields by the Kabachnik-Field's reaction. These new structurally diversified set of α-aminophosphonates (4a-j) were evaluated for their anti-tumor activity on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K 562), human colon carcinoma cells (Colo 205) along with non-cancerous human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). They showed moderate activity on both cancerous cells and non-cancerous cells.     

Specificity of the 48-hour reaction to Mitsuda antigen: Use of a soluble antigen from human and armadillo lepromin*

Two antigens were tested and compared in relation to the 48-h Fernandez reaction. They were obtained from standard human and from standard armadillo lepromin. All the tests were negative in patients with lepromatous leprosy and highly positive in those with tuberculoid leprosy and in lepromin-positive contacts. There was total agreement in all tests done with the two types of antigen. The antigenic component has the following basic properties: it precipitates with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate; it is not destroyed by autoclaving or by treatment with 0.4% phenol; it is non-dialysable; and it is destroyed by treatment with trypsin.     

聚合酶链反应检测尖锐湿疣患者人乳头瘤病毒的结果分析

目的：探讨聚合酶链反应（PCR）在检测尖锐湿疣病人中人乳头瘤病毒的应用。方法：采用PCR的方法。结果：203例被临床医师诊断或怀疑为尖锐湿疣（CA）患者的标本进行了人乳头瘤病毒DNA（HPV－DNA）的检测。其中68例为皮损组织块标本,此部分患者的CA症状典型,被临床医师诊断为CA,68例均被检测出HPV－DNA,检出率100％;135例为生殖器分泌物标本,此部分患者的CA症状还不典型,仅为临床医师怀疑对象,从中检测出HPV－DNA109例,检出率80．7％。结论：用PCR检测标本的HPV－DNA,可对CA患者进行准确地早期诊断,从而有利于患者的早期发现和治疗。     

输卵管银夹系列节育术的研究

本研究通过对54例108条输卵管现行银夹上夹后失败病例分析发现,除8条未上夹、4条未夹全、3条管腔未夹闭外,剩余的93条卵管均被夹断或夹破。针对其失败原因,对现行银夹及上夹钳进行改进和研究:1.研究并测量了248条生育二胎以上输卵管形态和直径大小,改单一型号的银夹和上夹钳为大、中、小三种型号,以适用不同粗细的输卵管。2.研制成功了输卵管直径测量器,以此选择适当型号的夹子。3.在上夹钳上装上定位槽和防止银夹后移装置,克服上夹技术操作的盲目性和卡壳现象。经动物实验成功后,在河南8个实验点进行822例的临床实验研究,统一设计和随访,结果实访820例,失访2例,随访率达99.76％。失败1例,绝育有效率达99.88％,无明显并发症。改进后的银夹系列,既保留了现行银夹简便、安全、可逆性好的优点,又克服了上夹技术不易掌握、银夹型号单一的缺点,有效地提高了银夹的成功率。     

Effect of local and global geomagnetic activity on human cardiovascular homeostasis

The authors investigated the effects of local and planetary geomagnetic activity on human physiology. They collected data in Sofia, Bulgaria, from a group of 86 volunteers during the periods of the autumnal and vernal equinoxes. They used the factors local/planetary geomagnetic activity, day of measurement, gender, and medication use to apply a four-factor multiple analysis of variance. They also used a post hoc analysis to establish the statistical significance of the differences between the average values of the measured physiological parameters in the separate factor levels. In addition, the authors performed correlation analysis between the physiological parameters examined and geophysical factors. The results revealed that geomagnetic changes had a statistically significant influence on arterial blood pressure. Participants expressed this reaction with weak local geomagnetic changes and when major and severe global geomagnetic storms took place.     

从腹泻病人粪便检出河弧菌

本文报告1962~79年从上海,广东、江苏、新疆和福建等地腹泻病例检出的弧菌保存株中查出22株河弧菌。说明六十年代初以来我国某些沿海省市和内地已有本茵存在。其形态、生长情况及生物学特性与国外报道相符合。有少数菌株产生LT或ST肠毒素,侵袭力试验阴性。药物敏感性方面,对青霉素、万古霉素全部耐受,对磺胺类、羧苄青霉素和氨苄青霉素部分耐受。对氯霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素,四环素。土霉素、红霉素、新霉素、妥布霉素。链霉素、呋喃妥因、痢特灵和TMP+磺胺(Cotrimoxazole)等均敏感。与3株菌的抗血清作凝集试验,仅有1株与N8血清凝集达全效价,其余均呈低价交叉或不凝集可能存在多种血清群。     

A study of human rabies immune globulin manufactured by the Thai Red Cross

This is a prospective post marketing study of 4496 patients presenting with severe animal bites in a canine rabies endemic region. They received human rabies immune globulin manufactured from volunteer blood donors at the National Blood Center of the Thai Red Cross Society at Bangkok. All patients also received a full course of tissue culture rabies vaccine. Only three subjects reported an adverse reaction (redness and itching at the immune globulin injection sites). None of the patients died during the subsequent 18 month follow up period.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌的化放疗序贯治疗

目的探讨吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌3周方案并序贯化放疗的疗效和不良反应。方法经病理和细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,既往未进行化疗和放疗,临床上有可测量病灶(根据WHO标准),美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分为0～2分,肝、肾功能基本正常。均给予吉西他滨和顺铂的联合化疗并序贯化放疗方案治疗。按照WHO的标准评价疗效和不良反应,并随访生存期。结果共入组43例患者,其中39例可评价疗效:19例(48.72%)部分缓解、13例(33.33%)病情稳定和7例(17.95%)疾病进展。生存期为3.7～21.4个月,中位生存期为10.1个月。主要的不良反应为血液毒性,表现为白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板和血红蛋白下降;其次为消化道症状。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌3周方案并序贯化放疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌的标准一线化疗方案之一,患者可较好耐受。     

Liver specific gene expressions in human fetal hepatocyte culture]

The authors studied the function of human fetal liver cell--on level of DNA and gene regulation--by methods of molecular biology. Experiments were done under strict observation of the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki Human Research Committee. They conclude that human fetal liver culture may serve as a suitable in vitro modell for study of the liver specific gene expressions. They found that cultured human fetal liver cells from second trimester express albumin and AFP. They demonstrate that fetal hepatocytes--like adult hepatocytes--respond to the inflammatory mediators, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, by induction of CRP and alpha-1-Ach expression and regression of albumin synthesis proving the ability of fetal hepatocytes to produce an acute phase response.     

Novel derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine: synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activities of S-allylthio-mercaptopurines

Biologically active S-allylthio derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-mercaptopurine riboside (6-MPR) were synthesized. The products, S-allylthio-6-mercaptopurine (SA-6MP) and S-allylthio-6-mercaptopurine riboside (SA-6MPR) were characterized. The antiproliferative activity of the new prodrugs was tested on human leukemia and monolayer cell lines, and compared to that of their parent reactants. The new prodrugs acted by a concentration-dependent mechanism. They inhibited cell proliferation and induced-apoptosis more efficiently than the parent molecules. Leukemia cell lines were more sensitive to the new prodrugs than monolayer cell lines. Higher hydrophobicity of the derivatives improves their penetration into cells, where upon reaction with glutathione, S-allylthioglutathione (GSSA) is formed, and 6-MP or 6-MPR is released for further processing.     

Helocobacter heilmannii (Gastrospirillum hominis)-associated gastritis: first reported cases in Hungary]

We found a tightly coiled bacterium, Helicobacter heilmannii that is distinct from Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosal biopsy of a 55-year-old man and a 30-year-old woman, both of whom had previous history of intermittent epigastric pain. The organisms were distributed in the antral mucosa, which was endoscopically interpreted as demonstrating chronic gastritis in one case, and being normal in the other. Histologically, the affected mucosa presented a mild chronic gastritis without activity and a moderate chronic gastritis with marker activity, respectively. The bacteria seen on haematoxylin eosin stained slides were strongly Giemsa positive, and were also visualized with Warthin-Starry stain. They were negative with the anti-Helicobacter pylori immunohistochemistry, although a few spots of staining could represent some cross reaction. Electron microscopy revealed fragments of bacterium, with its characteristic spiral shape and length of 4-7 mm in the plane of the section. One of the patient was treated medically and the control examination revealed normal antral mucosa without spiral bacteria. Detection of these organisms may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of human gastritis.     

The threatened self: general practitioners' self-perception in relation to prescribing medicine

Insufficient understanding of the variation in GP's medicine prescribing behaviour and ineffective interventions call for an investigation of the GPs' own perspective. This article describes the GP's self-perception as it emerged in 20 semi-structured interviews that explored the GP's perspective on their own prescribing. Data collection and analysis was largely inspired by grounded theory. The GPs described a constantly active process in which they prescribed, experienced an emotional reaction to their prescribing, evaluated themselves, redefined themselves for the better or worse, defined the new prescribing situation, prescribed and so forth. The GPs felt disappointed with themselves when their prescribing conflicted with their human or scientific ideals, and when they did not live up to their image of themselves, as GPs and as persons. They experienced discomfort when they were exposed to pressure as well as when they gave in to it. These negative emotions demanded a redefinition of the GPs' selves. The GPs applied both preventive and coping strategies to protect themselves from redefining themselves negatively. They strived to live up to their ideals, lowered their ideals, convinced themselves of the appropriateness of their prescribing and sought inspiration and self-development. This study demonstrates that self-perception is fundamental to how GPs prescribe medicines. Future interventions in quality development that aim to improve GPs' prescribing practices should therefore include considerations of the GPs' self-perception and facilitate autonomous self-development.     

Evaluation of the relative potency of carcinogens: a critique of the HERP index

In 1987 researchers from Berkeley (CA), proposed an index (HERP) for ranking human carcinogens. The index was derived from human exposure data and rodent carcinogen potency. They concluded that the risks for the US population from man-made industrial carcinogens are trivial compared with the risks from naturally occurring carcinogens in the diet. Analysis of the assumptions and data upon which the HERPs were based revealed major limitations and we concluded that such a simplified approach is inappropriate given the underlying uncertainties. However, when we made a comparison consistently based on estimates of average daily exposure to common carcinogens, the HERP scores of man-made pollutants were comparable to those of naturally occurring carcinogens.     

不同地区乳汁中锌、铜、铁含量的研究

本研究收集了我国７个不同地区共１０１２份产后１～６个月乳母的乳汁进行了锌、铜、铁含量测定，结果均以产后１２天较高，其平均含量分别为４．５２±１．７０，０．５１±０．１６和１．０３±０．５３μｇ／ｇ，并随泌乳期延长而下降。不同地区乳汁中锌、铜、铁含量存在一定差异。各地区乳汁中锌含量均与乳母膳食中动物性来源锌及动物性蛋白质摄取量呈正相关。乳汁中铜含量与乳母膳食中动物性蛋白质摄取量也呈正相关。未发现乳汁中铁含量与乳母膳食中营养素的摄取量有关。     

Rash after measles vaccination: laboratory analysis of cases reported in São Paulo,Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The clinical differential diagnosis of rash due to viral infections is often difficult, and misdiagnosis is not rare, especially after the introduction of measles and rubella vaccination. A study to determine the etiological diagnosis of exanthema was carried out in a group of children after measles vaccination. METHODS: Sera collected from children with rash who received measles vaccine were reported in 1999. They were analyzed for IgM antibodies against measles virus, rubella virus, human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) using ELISA commercial techniques, and human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) using immunofluorescence commercial technique. Viremia for each of those viruses was tested using a polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 17 cases of children with exanthema after measles immunization were reported in 1999. The children, aged 9 to 12 months (median 10 months), had a blood sample taken for laboratory analysis. The time between vaccination and the first rash signs varied from 1 to 60 days. The serological results of those 17 children suspected of measles or rubella infection showed the following etiological diagnosis: 17.6% (3 in 17) HPV B19 infection; 76.5% (13 in 17) HHV 6 infection; 5.9% (1 in 17) rash due to measles vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The study data indicate that infection due to HPV B19 or HHV 6 can be misdiagnosed as exanthema due to measles vaccination. Therefore, it is important to better characterize the etiology of rash in order to avoid attributing it incorrectly to measles vaccine.     

An investigation of the acute behavioural effects of styrene on factory workers

A group of men exposed to styrene in a factory building glass-fibre boats performed a series of behavioural tests at the beginning and end of their shift, and the results were compared with those of a referent group from the same factory. Changes in mood were noted in both groups of workers but were greater in the exposed men; moreover, the change in mood was correlated with blood styrene concentration. In the styrene workers the morning reaction time was slower than that for the referents. During the day the reaction time of the men with low blood styrene concentration (less than or equal to 5.4 mumol/l) speeded up and in the afternoon was similar to that of the referents; the reaction time for the men with high blood styrene concentration (greater than or equal to 5.5 mumol/l) was unchanged. Data taken from a questionnaire indicated that the men exposed were much more likely than was the referent group to report feeling unduly tired. They also reported feeling more tired on Friday night than Monday night, suggesting that the styrene might have a cumulative effect through the week.     

An investigation of the acute behavioural effects of styrene on factory workers.

A group of men exposed to styrene in a factory building glass-fibre boats performed a series of behavioural tests at the beginning and end of their shift, and the results were compared with those of a referent group from the same factory. Changes in mood were noted in both groups of workers but were greater in the exposed men; moreover, the change in mood was correlated with blood styrene concentration. In the styrene workers the morning reaction time was slower than that for the referents. During the day the reaction time of the men with low blood styrene concentration (less than or equal to 5.4 mumol/l) speeded up and in the afternoon was similar to that of the referents; the reaction time for the men with high blood styrene concentration (greater than or equal to 5.5 mumol/l) was unchanged. Data taken from a questionnaire indicated that the men exposed were much more likely than was the referent group to report feeling unduly tired. They also reported feeling more tired on Friday night than Monday night, suggesting that the styrene might have a cumulative effect through the week.     

人源与猪源猪链球菌2型gdh基因序列比较

目的研究人源与猪源猪链球菌2型gdh基因序列同参考序列的差异,为猪链球菌2型的诊断方法研究提供基础依据。方法选取猪链球菌2型患者分离株和病猪分离株各1株,根据文献和基因库中的gdh基因序列设计PCR引物,进行PCR扩增;将扩增产物纯化回收,克隆至pMD 19-T载体后进行测序,获得gdh基因序列。结果2株猪链球菌2型菌株的PCR扩增产物经电泳后,均得到1 300 bp左右的目的条带,大小与预测一致;序列分析结果显示,人源猪链球菌2型gdh基因序列GC含量为45.73%,猪源猪链球菌2型gdh基因序列GC含量为45.88%,猪链球菌2型gdh参考序列GC含量为45.81%;人源与猪源猪链球菌2型gdh序列同参考序列相比,一致性均为99.9%;人源与猪源猪链球菌2型gdh序列仅相差2个碱基。结论人源与猪源的猪链球菌2型gdh基因序列高度保守。     

胰岛素类似物的研究和临床应用

两种速效胰岛素类似物(赖脯胰岛素、天冬胰岛素),由于改变了胰岛素分子间相互作用的重要区域,其起效、达到峰值、作用持续时间均较常规人胰岛素短,对迅速降低餐后血糖、减少下一餐前低血糖优于常规人胰岛素.而两种长效胰岛素类似物(甘精胰岛素、地特胰岛素)通过改变胰岛素的等电点或增加类似物分子量的方法,使其分解、吸收及作用时间延长,吸收变异度小,而且无峰值,能更好地模拟生理基础胰岛素分泌.