IL-18在系统性红斑狼疮肾损害患者外周血中过度表达

 【目的】探讨IL-18在系统性红斑狼(SLE)肾损害发生发展中的作用。【方法】采用RT-PCR及ELISA法测定了20例SLE患者(其中10例伴有肾损、10例无肾损)及10例健康人的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)表达IL-18 mRNA和血清IL-18蛋白水平。【结果】SLE肾损组和非肾损组、健康对照组PBMC的IL-18 mRNA表达分别为1.35±0.30、0.91±0.27、0.69±0.17。SLE肾损组和非肾损组、健康对照组血清IL-18蛋白水平分别为:(799±237)pg/mL、(163±53)pg/mL、(114±39)pg/mL。SLE肾损患者血清IL-18蛋白、PBMC的IL-18 mRNA平均表达水平较健康人、非肾损SLE患者显著增高;SLE非肾损患者血清IL-18蛋白、PBMC的IL-18 mRNA表达水平也高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。【结论】IL-18的过度表达可能在SLE特别是狼疮性肾损害过程中起着一定作用。     

大鼠心肌肥厚模型中血清白细胞介素-18及-10的变化

【目的】观察不同时限大鼠心肌肥厚模型血清中白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、IL-10浓度的变化,探讨IL-18和IL-10在心肌肥厚发生发展中的可能作用。【方法】采用大鼠腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚模型,64只F344大鼠分成8组：缩窄时限为2、3、4、8周组和相应对照组,每组8只,使用心脏超声确定心肌肥厚,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清IL-18和IL-10的浓度。【结果】腹主动脉缩窄2—8周后,大鼠心脏超声检查舒张期室间厚度隔（IVSTd）、舒张期左室后壁（PWLVd）明显不同程度的增厚。大鼠血清中IL。18、IL-10浓度明显高于相应对照组。2～8周时IL-18（pg／mL）两组分别为461±387vs529±394、516±428vs458±367、816±442vs5470±355、462±343vs5466±424：IL-10（pg／mL）两组分另0为926±634vs717±664、1033±661口s736±544、1221±568US700±601、891±569口5735±579。实验组随缩窄时限延长而明显增加（2,3,4周时P〈0．05）,但缩窄8周时增加不明显（P〉0．05）,各对照组之间无明显变化（P〉0．05）。【结论】大鼠心肌肥厚模型血清中IL-18、IL．10水平明显升高,且在-定程度上反映了心肌肥厚病变的严重程度。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者高表达的CD154促进自身抗体分泌

【目的】探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）CD154表达水平、及CD40/CD154对SLE患者分泌自身抗体的影响和地塞米松（Dex）对此的作用。【方法】选择SLE活动期患者（10例）和正常对照者（11例）,分离PBMC,检测其CD154的表达水平;培养PBMC,应用CD40 mAb和Dex进行干预,使用ELISA法检测培养液上清抗dsDNA水平。【结果】①活动期组PBMC CD154表达水平明显高于对照组6.4%±2.1%vs 1.5%±1.2%,（P〈0.05）;②活动期组培养液上清抗dsDNA抗体水平明显高于对照组[（11.8±6.8）U/mL vs（5.6±2.3）U/mL（RPMI 1640）,（11.4±7.0）U/mL vs（6.3±2.1）U/mL（IgG）,P均〈0.05];③CD40 mAb使两组培养液上清抗dsDNA抗体水平明显增高[活动期组：（18.6±7.7）U/mL vs（11.8±6.9）U/mL,对照组：（8.3±4.4）U/mL sv（5.6±2.3）U/mL,P均〈0.05]。④在活动期组,Dex明显抑制CD40 mAb引起的PBMC培养液上清抗dsDNA抗体水平的增高[（8.8±5.2）U/mL vs（18.6±7.7）U/mL,P〈0.05],使其低于非特异性处理时水平[（8.8±5.2）U/mL vs（11.8±6.8）U/mL,P〈0.05];Dex不影响对照组。【结论】活动期SLE患者PBMC表达的CD154水平升高,此能够促进抗dsDNA抗体的分泌,而Dex能够抑制其作用。     

抗原致敏IL-12基因修饰的树突状细胞诱导抗肾癌免疫的体外研究

【目的】探讨肾癌细胞抗原致敏白介素-12（IL-12）基因修饰的树突状细胞（DC）体外诱导、激活细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）免疫杀伤肾癌细胞的效能及相关免疫机制。【方法】采用重组逆转录病毒介导IL-12基因修饰人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）来源的DC；超声细胞破碎法提取肾癌细胞粗提抗原（Ag）致敏经IL-12转染的DC；ELISA法检测各组DCs和各组CTLs上清中IL-12、IFN-γ因子的分泌水平；流式细胞仪（FACS）分析各组DCs表面CD83、CD86、HLA-DR的表达；MTT法检测DC刺激同源T淋巴细胞增殖的能力及CTL免疫杀伤肾癌细胞的效能；统计学分析比较各组间的差异。【结果】经IL-12基因修饰和抗原致敏后的DC高表达CD83和CD86分子分别为（65．9％±3．1％，92．8％±3．4％），分泌高水平IL-12（279．6±1．7）pg／mL及IFN-γ（892±31）pg／mL，刺激同源T淋巴细胞增殖明显，诱导激活的CTL上清中IFN-γ水平（1146±31）pg/mL显著高于对照组；CTL对肾癌细胞有强大的杀伤作用，显著高于各对照组。【结论】经IL-12基因修饰和抗原致敏后的DC能有效地诱导CTL特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答。其机制可能与IL-12基因修饰和抗原致敏活化了DC抗原提呈第二信号，促进了DC高分泌IL-12因子，激活了T淋巴细胞致使CTL分泌IFN-γ的能力增强密切相关。     

IL-10在系统性红斑狼疮患者PBMCB细胞

【目的】探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）B细胞刺激因子（Blys）基因和蛋白在体外的表达及IL-10对其表达的影响。【方法】梯度密度离心法分离25例系统性红斑狼疮患者和20名女性健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞，分为2组，IL-10（100ng/mL）组和培养基组（仅含RPM11640培养基），分别于培养0、6、12、24、72h离心收集PBMCs。RT-PCR法检测刺激后0—24h细胞Blys mRNA表达，流式细胞仪和直接免疫荧光法检测72h膜结合型Blys蛋白表达。【结果】①系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞Blys mBNA和蛋白表达体外高于健康对照（P〈0．001）。②IL-10显著增强健康对照和系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞BlysmBNA表达，12h作用最强（0．487±0．058vs0．251±0．050，P〈0．001；0．638±0．084vs0．392±0．059，P〈0．001）。③IL-10显著增强健康对照和系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞膜结合型Blys蛋白表达（FACs。4．53±0．71vs3．24±0．57，P〈0．001；5．79±0．91vs4．55±0．83，P〈0．001）。④直接免疫荧光法检测外周血单个核细胞膜结合型Blys蛋白显示，IL-10刺激后Blys表达增强。【结论】IL-10可上调系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞Blys基因和蛋白表达。     

改变组织醛固酮及其受体表达对SHR大鼠肾脏纤维化的影响

【目的】观察改变肾组织醛固酮及其受体水平对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏纤维化的影响。【方法】8周龄的雄性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）24只及同源正常京都大鼠（WKY）8只，SHR分为贝那普利干预组[30ing／（kg·d）]、大剂量安体舒通干预组[100mg／（kg·d）]和高血压模型对照组，同时设同源的正常对照组，干预时间为8周，检测收缩压、尿蛋白、血白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、肾组织醛固酮受体、TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达。【结果】贝那普利能下调组织醛固酮【（15．8±2．6）vs（22．2±0．6）pg／mg]及其受体水平【（15±4）vs（13±5）PU]并减轻肾脏纤维化[（17．0±1．8）vs（20．0±2．3）PU]，均为P〈0．05；大剂量安体舒通能上调组织醛固酮[（24．3±4．6）vs（22．2±0．6）pg／mg]及其受体水平[（16±6）vs（13±5）PU]并加重肾脏纤维化[（22．6±3．0）vs（20．0±2．3）PU]，均为P〈0．05。【结论】肾组织醛固酮及其受体水平的改变可能影响高血压肾脏纤维化的过程。     

益肾汤联合强的松与依那普利对IgA肾病小鼠肾MMP-9、TIMP-1表达的影响

【目的】探讨中药“益肾汤”治疗IgA肾病（IgAN）的机理。【方法】用“口服牛血清白蛋白联合尾静脉注射葡萄球菌肠毒素B”法复制小鼠IgAN模型。设正常组、模型组、益肾汤低浓度、益肾汤高浓度、强的松±依那普利、强的松±依那普利±益肾汤低浓度、强的松±依那普利±益肾汤高浓度7组。FQ—PCR法检测小鼠肾组织MMP-9、TIMP-1mRNA表达、免疫组化SABC法检测小鼠肾组织MMP-9、TIMP-1的含量。【结果】模型组小鼠肾间质MMP-9表达（PU值：6．9±2．7vs5．8±2．1;mRNA表达：0．297±0．025vs0．107±0．004）与正常组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,而模型组TIMP-1表达（PU值：18．0±7．7vs5．2±2．2;mRNA表达：0．884±0．247vs0．109±0．007）则较正常组明显上调（P〈0．05）。益肾汤低浓度组与高浓度组之间肾小管间质MMP-9、TIMP-1表达差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,但益肾汤高浓度组与低浓度两组MMP-9表达均强于模型组（PU值：8．9±3．0vs6．9±2．7,8．9±3．3vs6．9±2．7;mRNA表达：0．397±0．047vs0．297±0．025,0．386±0．027vs0．297±0．025;P〈0．05）,而TIMP-1的表达均弱于模型组（PU值：14．92±6．07vs18．04±7．70,15．55±6．01vs18．04±7．70：mRNA表达：0．665±0．197vs0．883±0．247,0．713±0．221vs0．883±0．247;P〈0．05）。5个治疗组中强的松±依那普利±益肾汤高浓度组MMP-9mRNA及其蛋白表达最强（PU值：34．3±8．7;mRNA表达：1．265±0．433）、而TIMP-1mRNA及其蛋白表达最弱（PU值：9．2±3．4;mRNA表达：0．293±0．068）。【结论】益肾汤可促进IgAN小鼠肾组织MMP-9的表达、抑制TIMP-1的表达。强的松±依那普利±益肾汤的联合治疗方案较单用强的松±依那普利或单用益肾汤治疗IgAN有更好的疗效。     

地塞米松对急性过敏性哮喘小鼠肺水通道蛋白1的影响

【目的】观察水通道蛋白1（AQP1）在急性过敏性哮喘小鼠肺组织的改变，以及地塞米松对其的影响。【方法】建立小鼠哮喘模型，并随机分为3组，哮喘模型组、生理盐水对照组和治疗组，治疗组在激发阶段给予地塞米松治疗。检测各组中支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）的白细胞总数、分类计数以及IL-5和IFN-γ水平，用RT-PCR、Westem blot和免疫组化法检测AQP1mRNA、蛋白质水平和在肺组织的分布．观察肺组织形态学改变。【结果】（1）哮喘组BALF中自细胞总数[（52±8）×106／mL]、嗜酸性粒细胞数[（9．8±1．7）×10^6mL]和IL-5水平[（71±27）pg／mL]均高于对照组（P均〈0．01），IFN-γ水平[（294±26）pg／mL]低于对照组（P〈0．05），治疗后白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞数和IL-5水平均明显下降（P〈0．05，P〈0．01，P〈0．01），IFN-γ水平明显上升（P〈0．05）；（2）哮喘组AQP1mRNA（1．90±0．29）和蛋白质（1．31±0．10）明显高于对照组（P均〈0．01），治疗后表达明显下降（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；（3）哮喘组肺组织可见较弥漫的炎性改变，黏液分泌增多，血管壁水肿明显，血管周围有大量的炎症细胞渗出物，治疗组形态学改变明显减轻；AQP1在气管黏膜上皮、微血管内皮上皮、支气管周围血管床、炎症细胞呈阳性表达，哮喘组表达呈强阳性，治疗后表达明显减弱。【结论】AQP1在急性哮喘小鼠肺组织内过度表达，地塞米松对其有显著的抑制作用，可明显改善小鼠肺部的炎性浸润和肺水渗出的病理生理过程。     

监测血清TNF-α和IL-6水平在重症急性胰腺炎患者的变化及意义

目的探讨TNF-α和IL-6在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者血清中的变化及临床意义。方法应用ELISA法检测32例重症急性胰腺炎及25例对照组血清TNF-α、IL-6的水平变化。结果人院时SAP患者TNF-α水平（48．5±12．1）pg／mL显著高于对照组（13．5±3．8）pg／mL,IL-6水平SAP患者（66．7±19．3）pg／mL较对照组（42．3±14．2）pg／mL无明显升高;SAP患者血清IL-6在入院的第7天升高最明显（180．1±41．4）pg／mL,高于对照组,在入院第14天SAP患者血清TNF-α（29．5±9．5）pg／mL,IL-6（102．8±24．6）pg／mL仍然高于对照组。结论检测血清TNF—α和IL-6的水平变化,对重症急性胰腺炎的早期诊断、病情判断和预后评估具有重要的应用价值。     

SLE患者外周血调节性T细胞与IL-10,TGF—β1的检测

目的：研究SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞（regulation T cells，Tr细胞）及相关细胞因子的变化，分析它们在SLE发病机制中的作用。方法：收集SLE患者及健康对照组外周抗凝静脉血，分离纯化T淋巴细胞。PE标记的抗CD4单抗，FITC标记的抗CD25单抗，作双色流式细胞术，分析SLE患者外周血CD4＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞百分率，ELISA法检测调节性T细胞相关细胞因子的表达。结果：SLE患者外周血Tr细胞的数量明显低于正常对照组[（2．83±1．05）％vs（5．07±0．59）％，P〈0．05]；患者血清中IL-10、TGF—β1的含量均低于正常对照组，差异有显著性[IL-10：（29．48±13．69）pg／mlvs（43．10±14．95）pg／ml；TGF—β1：（170．04±91．58）pg／mlvs（254．75±130．41）pg／ml，P〈0．05]。患者外周血Tr细胞的比例与血清中IL-10、TGF—β1的含量呈正相关（r1=0．53，r2=0．64，P〈0．05）。结论：SLE患者外周血存在细胞免疫功能失调，CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞数量与功能状态发生改变，T淋巴细胞耐受机制的破坏可能与SLE的免疫学发病机制有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.