Gynecologic emergencies

Gynecologic emergencies are relatively common and include ectopic pregnancies, adnexal torsion, tubo-ovarian abscess, hemorrhagic ovarian cysts, gynecologic hemorrhage, and vulvovaginal trauma. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise review of these emergencies, focusing on the evaluation and treatment options for the patient. In many cases, other causes of an acute abdomen are in the differential diagnosis. Understanding the tenets of diagnosis helps the surgeon narrow the etiology and guide appropriate treatment.     

腹腔镜在异位妊娠保守手术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在异位妊娠保守手术中的应用价值.方法回顾分析我院1999年12月～2004年3月168例异位妊娠保守手术病例,其中113例经腹腔镜手术,55例行开腹手术,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后妊娠率.结果113例腹腔镜手术中,109例(96.46%)顺利完成手术,4例(3.54%)中转开腹.腹腔镜手术组与开腹组相比,手术时间明显缩短(P＜0.001),术中出血量明显减少(P＜0.001),术后宫内妊娠率明显升高(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜手术是异位妊娠保守手术治疗中安全、可靠的方法之一.     

Laparoscopic treatment of a strangulated obturator hernia

Summary The authors report a case of strangulated obturator hernia, presenting a non-specific clinical picture, where the diagnosis and treatment were made by laparoscopy. This mini-invasive approach, in a predominantly female population where precise preoperative diagnosis is rare, allowed both rapid diagnosis and repair of the hernia. Apart from emergencies, laparoscopy also appears to be the intra- or preperitoneal approach of choice in the treatment of obturator hernias.     

Diagnosis and management of a spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy: Rare case report

Introduction and importanceHeterotopic pregnancy is the occurrence of pregnancies in at least two different implantation sites in the same time. The diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy remains one of the greatest challenges of the gynecological-obstetrical emergencies.Case presentationWe report a rare case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy of a 32-year-old woman, diagnosed with a heterotopic pregnancy by ultrasound and treated by laparotomy in emergency obstetrical department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca.Clinical discussionThe existence of intrauterine pregnancy does not exclude an ectopic pregnancy. The occurrence of a spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy without risk factors is a rare event, the clinical symptomatology is often related to a threatened or ongoing abortion, the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy is not made until the appearance of signs of hemoperitoneum secondary to a ruptured EP, hence the importance of a systematic ultrasound examination of the adnexa during first trimester ultrasound. The standard treatment is conservative surgery, preferably by laparoscopy. Laparotomy retains its indications especially in forms with hemorrhagic shock. With the aim of preserving intrauterine pregnancy while removing ectopic pregnancy.ConclusionThe diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy should not be excluded by the discovery of a UGI in a spontaneous cycle. Diagnosis is often difficult and management should be initiated as soon as possible given the risk of maternal mortality.     

Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment in gynecologic emergencies.

OBJECTIVE: To present an analysis of our experience with 22 consecutive cases of acute abdominal gynecologic emergencies managed with a laparoscopic approach. METHODS: From March 1997 to October 1998, 22 patients with a diagnosis of acute abdominal gynecologic emergencies underwent laparoscopic intervention. A transvaginal ultrasound was performed on all patients preoperatively to supplement the diagnostic workup. Surgical time, complications, and length of hospital stay were evaluated, and the laparoscopic diagnosis was compared with the preoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The laparoscopic diagnosis was different from the preoperative diagnosis in 31.8% of patients. Of the 22 patients, laparoscopic therapeutic procedures were performed in 18 (81.8%), all satisfactorily, and with no need for conversion to open surgery. No morbidity or mortality occurred. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective method for diagnosing and treating gynecologic emergencies.     

电视腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的应用

目的 :探讨腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的临床价值。方法 :选取 2 0 0 0年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 12月妇科良性疾病行电视腹腔镜妇科手术 75例 ,其中腹部既往手术史 11例。结果 :74例镜下成功完成 ,1例因宫角腺肌瘤镜下手术困难中转开腹。手术时间 30～ 16 0min ,术中出血 1～ 15 0ml ,其中 2 1例出血不足 1ml;肛门排气最短 6小时 ,最长 30小时 ;30小时内均能下床活动。术后 8例应用镇痛药 ,除个别患者低热外 ,术后一般无发热。术中无并发症 ,术后并发症为肩痛 ,肋下痛 ,皮下气肿。结论 :腹腔镜在妇科疾病诊治中的应用具有广阔前景     

The laparoscopic approach in abdominal emergencies: a single-center 10-year experience.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy has rapidly emerged as the preferred surgical approach to a number of different diseases because it allows for a correct diagnosis and proper treatment. In abdominal emergencies, both components of treatment--exploration and surgery--can be accomplished via laparoscopy. The aim of the present work is to illustrate retrospectively the results of a case-control experience with laparoscopic versus open surgery for abdominal emergencies performed at our institution. METHODS: From January 1992 to January 2002, 935 patients (mean age, 42.3+/-17.2 years) underwent emergent or urgent surgery, or both. Of these, 602 (64.3%) were operated on laparoscopically (small bowel obstruction, 28; gastroduodenal ulcer disease, 25; biliary disease, 165; pelvic disease, 370 cases; colonic perforations, 14) based on the availability of a surgical team trained in laparoscopy. Patients with a history of malignancy, more than 2 previous major abdominal surgeries, or massive bowel distension were not treated laparoscopically. Peritonitis was not deemed a contraindication to laparoscopy. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 5.8% and was mainly due to the presence of dense intraabdominal adhesions. Major complications ranged as high as 2.1% with a postoperative mortality of 0.6%. A definitive diagnosis was accomplished in 96.3% of cases, and 94.1% of these patients were treated successfully with laparoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Even if limited by its retrospective nature, the present experience shows that the laparoscopic approach to abdominal emergencies is as safe and effective as conventional surgery, has a higher diagnostic yield, and results in less trauma and a more rapid postoperative recovery. Such features make laparoscopy an attractive alternative to open surgery in the management algorithm for abdominal emergencies.     

Laparoscopy with a diagnostic aim in abdominal emergencies]

In acute abdominal syndromes when a surgical exploration is required by the presence of peritoneal symptoms, laparoscopy allows to recognize the lesions and to perform simultaneously the appropriate treatment in most cases. When the surgical indication is doubtful, mainly in case of acute appendicitis, sonography or scanography may confirm the diagnosis. In case of persisting doubt, diagnostic laparoscopy is justified and laparoscopic appendicectomy seems to be the best method when another pathology is not detected by laparoscopy. In abdominal wounds, laparoscopy is useful to confirm their intraperitoneal penetration, mainly in gunshot wounds, and to recognize a diaphragmatic wound which is often isolated and unknown. Laparoscopy often fails to detect all abdominal injuries. In blunt abdominal traumas, laparoscopy is not recommended at the first step. In conclusion, laparoscopy with diagnostic intent only is rarely indicated in abdominal emergencies and its use is not worth being extended. Diagnostic value of laparoscopy is closely linked to its therapeutic interest. Laparoscopy with both diagnostic and therapeutic intent has to be developed in most abdominal emergencies.     

Laparoscopic treatment of ovarian cysts. Indications, techniques, results. Apropos of 650 cases]

Laparoscopic management of annexes is now accepted as alternative to classical management by laparotomy. However, a careful pre-operative evaluation, including clinical and ultrasonographic examination is of ut most importance in order to exclude malignant lesion which should be treated by laparotomy. The laparoscopic treatment includes several procedures: intra-peritoneal cystectomy, extra-abdominal cystectomy, oaphorectomy and adnexectomy. These procedures and used according to the laparoscopic diagnosis. About 652 cases managed by laparoscopy, we can concluded: laparoscopic diagnosis of benign lesion is reliable (positive predictive value 100%); most of benign ovarian cysts can be treated by laparoscopy, from 89 to 97% of the benign adnexal cysts; complications are uncommon (8 cases out of 616 patients); the recurrence risk appears to be low (only 2.7% in patients treated for a non endometriotic adnexal cysts).     

探讨腹腔镜手术诊治异位妊娠的价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术诊断和治疗异位妊娠的应用价值。方法:2004年1月至2008年12月我院为226例拟诊为异位妊娠的患者行腹腔镜探查,明确诊断223例,同时行单侧输卵管切除术,输卵管开窗术及宫角切除术;诊断不明确3例,进一步行诊刮术。结果:223例经腹腔镜探查确诊为异位妊娠,221例成功行腹腔镜手术,2例中转开腹。3例腹腔镜下未见明显妊娠部位而行诊刮术,其中1例卵巢黄体破裂合并宫内妊娠行黄体囊肿剥除术,2例宫内宫外未见妊娠部位,注射MTX治疗成功。224例腹腔镜术后6～24h肛门排气,除2例用MTX保守治疗外,222例术后4d出院,2例中转开腹者术后24～36h肛门排气,术后5～6d出院。结论:腹腔镜探查有利于异位妊娠的早期诊断,腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠安全、有效、康复快。     

Diagnosis and treatment of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen in children

The experience with the treatment of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen in children has shown that although careful assessment of the clinical and case-history data facilitate the correct diagnosis the leading role should be given to laparoscopy fulfilled if necessary in combination with splenoportography or puncture of the splenic cyst. Splenectomy is the operation of choice for cysts of the spleen in children.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术在妊娠合并巨大卵巢囊肿治疗中的研究及应用现状

经脐单孔腹腔镜技术是近年来研究热点之一，其在多个领域的治疗应用都已得到相关研究证实，尤其是在妇科疾病的治疗方面更是得到大力推广。妊娠合并巨大卵巢囊肿的发病率不高，但其对妊娠结局的影响巨大，既往多采用经腹及传统多孔腹腔镜技术治疗，传统方法处理具有较高的风险，由此，经脐单孔腹腔镜技术的应用随之兴起。笔者主要针对经脐单孔腹腔镜技术目前在妊娠合并卵巢囊肿的治疗研究及应用现状进行综述。     

腹腔镜在妇科急症中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在妇科急症中的应用价值。方法:2002年以来,应用腹腔镜行妇科急症手术85例,其中异位妊娠62例中行患侧输卵管切除术36例,输卵管切开取胚术及病灶清除术23例,1例卵巢妊娠行卵巢部分切除术,输卵管病灶注药术2例;卵巢破裂10例,9例行电凝止血术,1例行患侧附件切除术;卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转6例,2例不全扭转行囊肿剥除术,4例完全扭转附件坏死行一侧附件切除术;急性盆腔炎7例,行脓肿清除、输卵管切除及盆腔粘连松解术。结果:85例急诊腹腔镜手术全部顺利完成,无一例并发症。结论:腹腔镜治疗妇科急症安全有效,较开腹手术有很多优越性。     

Laparoscopic deroofing for symptomatic liver systs: Report of a case

We present herein the case of a 73-year-old woman with symptomatic liver cysts and cholelithiasis for whom successful deroofing of the liver cysts and cholecystectomy were performed via laparoscopy. Histopathological diagnosis of the resected cyst wall and direct observation of the inner surface of the remaining cyst wall confirmed that they were benign biliary cysts. The laparoscopic deroofing of liver cysts is therefore not only an effective means of treatment, but it also facilitates the establishment of an exact differential diagnosis.     

腹腔镜在异位妊娠诊治中的价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术在异位妊娠诊断和治疗中的价值。方法 2003年1月～2005年1月,我院对342例临床拟诊异位妊娠行腹腔镜检查。诊断明确335例,行单侧输卵管切除术、输卵管开窗术、部分卵巢切除术或宫角切除术等：诊断不明确7例,进一步行诊断性刮宫术。结果 335例腹腔镜确诊异位妊娠,333例成功行腹腔镜手术（包括3例卵巢妊娠、3例输卵管间质部妊娠）,2例中转开腹。7例腹腔镜未见明显妊娠部位行诊断性刮宫术,其中1例子宫畸形（残角子宫）合并宫内妊娠行残角子宫及同侧输卵管切除术,1例卵巢黄体囊肿破裂合并宫内妊娠行黄体囊肿剥出术,5例宫内外均未发现妊娠部位,MTX治疗成功。340例腹腔镜术后8～24h肛门排气,除5例MTX保守治疗外,335例术后2～4d出院;2例中转开腹术后24～36h肛门排气,术后6d出院。结论 腹腔镜检查有利于异位妊娠的早期诊断;腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠安全有效、恢复快。     

腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠40例报告

目的 :探讨腹腔镜对诊治异位妊娠的价值。方法 :回顾分析腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠 4 0例的临床资料。结果 :39例在早期得到及时诊治 ,1例中转手术。结论 :腹腔镜手术对异位妊娠具有诊断与治疗同时进行 ,微创、快速、术后不需止痛等优点     

Peritonitis: laparoscopic approach

Background  

Laparoscopy has became as the preferred surgical approach to a number of different diseases because it allows a correct diagnosis and treatment at the same time. In abdominal emergencies, both components of treatment – exploration to identify the causative pathology and performance of an appropriate operation – can often be accomplished via laparoscopy. There is still a debate of peritonitis as a contraindication to this kind of approach. Aim of the present work is to illustrate retrospectively the results of a case-control experience of laparoscopic vs. open surgery for abdominal peritonitis emergencies carried out at our institution.     

宫、腹腔镜联合手术在输卵管不孕中的应用

目的 :探讨宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合手术在输卵管性不孕中的应用价值。方法 :腹腔镜下行盆腔粘连分解术、输卵管伞部成形 /造口术、盆腔子宫内膜异位症手术 (卵巢内膜囊肿剥出、粘连分解、病灶熨汤 /烧灼 ) ;卵巢良性肿瘤剥出术 ;并在腹腔镜直视下行宫腔镜输卵管通液术等。结果 :117例患者经 1～ 6 0个月的随访 ,妊娠 6 1例 ,妊娠率 5 2 14 % (宫内妊娠 5 8例 ,宫外妊娠 3例 ) ,术后一年内妊娠占 91 80 %。对输卵管远端阻塞、子宫内膜异位症及盆腔炎疗效较好 ,而对输卵管近段阻塞疗效较差。结论 :宫、腹腔镜联合手术 ,具有疗效好、手术安全、出血少、痛苦少、恢复快等优点     

腹腔镜诊治妇科急腹症适应证的探讨(附117例病例分析)

目的 :进一步探讨腹腔镜诊治妇科急腹症的适应证。方法 :117例妇科急腹症手术治疗的病例 ,5 3例行腹腔镜手术 ,6 4例行开腹手术 ,两组疾病的构成比相似 ,比较两组术中术后情况。结果 :两组病例手术成功率均为 10 0 % ,腹腔镜组术中出血量 ,术后恢复时间 ,术后住院天数均少于开腹组 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,手术时间腹腔镜组长于开腹组 (P <0 0 1) ,但两组术中并发症发生率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :腹腔镜适于诊治各种妇科急腹症 ,较开腹手术有明显的优势     

妇科腹腔镜手术271例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术用于治疗妇科疾病的临床价值。方法:回顾分析为271例患者行腹腔镜妇科手术的临床资料,评价平均手术时间、术中出血量等指标。结果:271例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,包括腹腔镜全子宫切除术83例,次全切除术80例,子宫肌瘤切除术42例,附件切除术33例,附件囊肿剥除术28例,输卵管妊娠取胚术5例。2例(0.74%)发生并发症。结论:腹腔镜妇科手术患者创伤小,康复快,只要严格掌握手术适应证,大部分妇科良性疾病可用腹腔镜手术治疗。