血栓抽吸在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的研究进展

<正>急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的主要病理生理基础是不稳定斑块破裂导致冠状动脉急性的闭塞,从而使心肌发生缺血坏死。约50%患者接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary invention,PPCI)时会出现慢血流或无复流现象,扩大了心肌梗死的范围,使病死率增加~[1,2]。血栓抽吸不仅可以降低血栓负荷,减轻末梢血管闭塞程度,缩小心肌梗死的范围,还可以降低早期支     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中急性血栓伴咽部大出血一例

患者,男性,47岁.因＂发作性胸痛2小时＂于2010年01月13日入院,外院急诊心电图检查提示急性下壁心肌梗死,转至我院急诊复查心电图提示下壁导联ST较前稍有回落,收入病房查肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）149.1 U/L,肌酸激酶（CK）3798 U/L.既往吸烟10支/日（20年）.入院查体神志清,未及肺部哕音,无心脏杂音.入院拟诊：急性下壁心肌梗死、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、Killip分级1级、高血压病1级（极高危）。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗慢性完全闭塞病变57例

冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗中约有10%~20%属于慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO),由于开通此类血管的手术难度大,技术要求高,成功率低,术后近期再闭塞率和远期再狭窄的发生率均较高,因此成为心脏介入手术中较难处理的问题。我们回顾性分析57例CTO病变患者的临床资料。对象与方法1.对象:我院2002年10月~2005年4月我院行选择性冠脉造影患者共825例,其中CTO病变57例(6.9%),男42例(73.7%),女15例(26.3%),平均年龄57.8岁±8.4岁。临床表现为不稳定型心绞痛32例(56.1%);有心肌梗死者48例(84.2%),心电图检查有定位性病理性Q波者36例(63.2%),包括前壁心肌梗死1…     

血栓抽吸联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与单纯经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌再灌注影响的比较研究

目的比较血栓抽吸联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与单纯PCI对心肌再灌注的影响。方法选取2012年1月至2014年8月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者215例,根据术前是否进行血栓抽吸分为血栓抽吸联合PCI组(105例)和单纯PCI组(110例),收集并比较两组患者的一般资料、PCI术中情况和疗效。结果与单纯PCI组相比,血栓抽吸联合PCI组患者TIMI血流Ⅲ级、ST段回落≥1/2、左心室射血分数≥50%发生率较高,心肌染色分级较高,无复流、再发心肌梗死发生率较低(P<0.05)。结论血栓抽吸联合PCI能够改善患者的血运和心肌再灌注,改善患者的心肌功能,可广泛应用于临床。     

远端血栓保护装置在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

远端血栓栓塞是高危病变如急性心肌梗死 ,尤其是大隐静脉 (SVG)移植血管的介入治疗过程中较常见的并发症 ,可导致“无血流”或“慢血流”现象和心脏不良事件 (MACE)发生率的显著增高 ,是介入治疗后远期死亡和MACE发生强烈的独立预测因子[1] 。而且 ,一旦远端血栓栓塞 ,无论冠状动脉内应用尿激酶、GPⅡb/Ⅲa还是血栓清除术 (如Angiojet)都不能显著改善患者近期或远期临床预后[2 ] 。为此 ,我们在高危病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)中应用了新颖的远端血栓保护装置(PercuSurgeGuardwire) ,评价其有效性与完全性。一、资料与方法1 临…     

冠状动脉介入治疗对急性左主干完全闭塞病变的可行性研究

我们分析并随访了左主干闭塞并行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）或直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的心肌梗死患，以明确冠状动脉介入治疗左主干闭塞病变的可行性和实用性。     

急性冠状动脉闭塞病变的直接介入治疗初探

近年来,随着直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床价值的肯定,这项技术在我国已广泛应用.我院自2000年8月-2003年7月,使用SIEMENS-1250mA和OEC-9800 C形臂X光机开展直接PCI共30例.现将其临床效果及手术体会报告如下.     

血栓弹力图在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

一、血栓弹力图概述血栓弹力图（thrombelastography,TEG）由德国Hartert等于上世纪40年代发明,最早被用来监测外科手术的出血风险并评估输注血液制品后的疗效,国外广泛应用于心脏及肝手术、产科、血友病及高凝状态的患者。2004年血小板图（Platelet Mapping）的上市,实现了应用TEG来快速、准确地监测血小板聚集功能,进而评价抗血小板药物的疗效。     

高龄急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗一例

患者男,80岁.因"突发胸痛2小时"于2009年11月27日人院.既往2型糖尿病史10年,高脂血症史15年,高血压史30年.入院时心电图如图1所示.入院诊断:冠心病急性前壁心肌梗死.     

115例冠状动脉闭塞病变介入治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨亚急性、慢性闭塞性冠状动脉病变经皮腔内冠状动脉成型术(PTCA)及支架置入术的临床疗效。方法对115例行PTCA术的冠状动脉闭塞病例(115支闭塞血管)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据冠状动脉闭塞的时间将病人分为二组:43例为亚急性闭塞组(1-30d),72例为慢性闭塞组(1-108月),均按常规行PTCA及支架置入术操作。结果两组病人的性别、年龄、冠心病的易患因素、病变支数、闭塞血管部位等无明显差异。亚急性闭塞组心肌梗死发生率为65％,明显高于慢性闭塞组9％;慢性闭塞组不稳定型心绞痛发生率为91％,明显高于亚急性闭塞组35％。亚急性闭塞组导丝通过率97％,球囊扩张率97％,支架置入率为95％。慢性闭塞组导丝通过率90％,球囊扩张率87％,支架置入率为85％。结论本研究表明闭塞血管的介入治疗是安全有效的,亚急性闭塞组成功率高于慢性闭塞组。急性并发症发生率很低。手术的成功与闭塞的时间、造影的特点、器械的选择以及术者的技术有关。     

Angiographic features associated with acute coronary artery occlusion during elective angioplasty

To examine the morphologic features of stenotic segments developing abrupt coronary occlusion during elective angioplasty, 36 cases occurring at the Toronto General Hospital between January 1985 and December 1989 were evaluated and compared with a temporally matched successful group. Quantitative arteriographic analysis was performed, including estimates of arterial tortuosity (proximal-stenotic axis deviation) and qualitative assessment for dystrophic calcification, residual lumen eccentricity and intimal irregularity. Acute occlusion occurred more frequently in the mid-arterial segment (success, mid 14 versus occlusion 21, P less than 0.05). Stenosis severity assessed by minimum stenotic diameter did not affect outcome (success 0.42 mm versus occlusion 0.37 mm, not significant or relative percentage diameter stenosis (success 86% versus occlusion 86%, not significant). Average stenotic length was equal (success 14.3 mm versus occlusion 13.6 mm, not significant), although coronary arterial tortuosity was increased in the acute occlusion group (success 27 degrees versus occlusion 34 degrees, P less than 0.05). Residual lumen eccentricity score was increased (success 1.66 versus occlusion 2.69, P less than 0.001), with greater dystrophic calcification in the occlusion group (success 0.31 versus occlusion 0.69, P less than 0.05). In addition, intimal irregularity was significantly greater (success 1.65 versus occlusion 2.5, P less than 0.001), although major arterial side branches failed to predict outcome (success 28% versus occlusion 36%, not significant). These data suggested that a mid-coronary anatomic location, arterial tortuosity, lumen eccentricity, dystrophic calcification and intimal irregularity increased the probability of acute occlusion during elective coronary angioplasty.     

Acute coronary occlusion during transluminal angioplasty: role of coronary thrombosis

We here report on 2 patients treated by transluminal coronary angioplasty, who presented baseline angiographic aspects of an intracoronary thrombus upon vessel stenosis. In both cases mechanical dilatation was successful in increasing vessel diameter, but was complicated by activation of the thrombotic process with clot proliferation--as shown by multiple coarse filling defects irregularly stained by contrast material--and vessel occlusion. The intracoronary injection of streptokinase achieved partial slowing of the thrombotic process, but did not succeed in inhibiting it completely or in restoring vessel patency. As clinical conditions were stable, the patients were not sent to emergency surgery, but were treated conservatively with anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors: in only one patient the procedure was followed by moderate myocardial enzyme release. In both cases the coronary artery was patent at short term angiographic control. These 2 cases confirm that in the outset of transluminal angioplasty an acute coronary occlusion can be managed conservatively by thrombolytic treatment when thrombus formation can be clearly identified the cause of vessel occlusion: the activation of spontaneous lytic systems can completely restore vessel patency. If coronary occlusion was of short duration or collateral supply was adequate, myocardial infarction may not occur and emergency coronary surgery will not be necessary.     

Atrial coronary artery occlusion during elective percutaneous coronary angioplasty

BackgroundAtrial arteries arise from the right and left circumflex coronary arteries and they may be accidentally occluded during percutaneous coronary angioplasty; however, this complication is not well known. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence and risk factors of accidental atrial branch occlusion (ABO) during elective angioplasty.Methods and MaterialsClinical records and coronary angiography of 200 patients undergoing elective angioplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Atrial branches were identified and in each vessel we measured the luminal diameter, flow grade, and the location of atherosclerotic plaques. Patients were allocated either into the ABO group if atrial branch flow fell from TIMI grades 2–3 to 0–1 after procedure or in the non-ABO group if TIMI flow was preserved.ResultsAtrial branch occlusion occurred in 43 (21.5%) patients. The atrial branch diameter was larger in non-ABO than in ABO group (1.29 mm, SD 0.33 versus 0.97 mm, SD 0.22, p = < 0.0001). Plaques at atrial branch origin were present in 93% of ABO group, only in 31.8% of non-ABO (p ≤ 0.0001). Predictors of ABO were a cut-off vessel diameter of 1.00 mm (ROC 77% sensitivity and 67.5% specificity, p ≤ 0.0001), the presence of atherosclerotic plaque at the ostium of atrial branch and maximal inflation pressure during stenting.ConclusionsThe occurrence of ABO is frequent after elective angioplasty of right or circumflex coronary arteries in an experienced interventional center. Risk factors were the diameter and the presence of ostial plaques in the atrial branches, and the maximal inflation pressure during stenting.     

A case of acute coronary thrombosis in diffuse coronary artery ectasia

A 75-year-old Afro-Caribbean male presented with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed generally grossly dilated coronary arteries with a large lobular thrombus in the distal right coronary artery. We briefly review this case and discuss the definition, pathophysiology and treatment for coronary artery ectasia.     

Acute coronary artery occlusion likely due to thrombus occurring during coronary angiography: Report of a case

Twenty-five years ago, fatalities due to acute thrombotic coronary occlusion occurring during coronary angiography were reported not infrequently, but are thought to have been eliminated by changes in technique and equipment. We present a case with documentation of a normal coronary arterial tree just before the time of an abrupt occlusion, which had the angiographic features of clot. The likely source of the thrombus was the arterial sheath. Measures for prevention of this complication are discussed. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:460–462, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Distal coronary hemoperfusion and prolonged balloon inflation for acute occlusion: occurring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

We report 3 cases that demonstrate the use of distal coronary hemoperfusion with prolonged balloon inflation to treat acute coronary occlusion occurring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Despite acute occlusion, 2 of the patients had a good angioplasty result, and the 3rd underwent elective coronary bypass surgery. Thus, emergency coronary bypass was avoided in all 3 cases.     

Minor ST-segment deviations followed by tall T waves in precordial leads caused by acute left main coronary artery occlusion:A case report

A 53-year-old male with chest pain complicated with cardiogenic shock was presented to the emergency department. The electrocardiogram showed features of acute myocardial infarction due to left main coronary artery occlusion,and minor ST-segment deviations followed by tall T waves in precordial leads with concomitant left anterior fascicular block. Emergency coronary angiogram revealed left main coronary artery complete occlusion without collateral circulation. Percutaneous intervention of the left main coronary artery was then carried out. The ECG features of a left main occlusion were discussed with this case report.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(3):197-200]