99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结的诊断价值

目的探讨99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结的诊断价值.方法以术后病理诊断为依据,对57例肺部占位性病变患者的99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像结果分良性和肺癌两组进行分析,计算其5min、60min平面以及60min SPECT/CT三维融合断层显像的摄取比值(UR);以肺部良性病灶组UR值的+1s为诊断阈值,对肺癌原发灶及其转移淋巴结的诊断效能进行评价.结果17例肺部良性病灶组其5min和60min平面以及60min SPECT/CT三维融合断层显像的摄取比值(UR)分别为1.05±0.16、0.97±0.22、1.51±0.39,而40例肺癌组其UR值分别为1.41±0.22、1.37±0.23、2.18±0.61同组两时相比较P>0.05,而组间两时相比较P<0.05.以良性结节+1s为诊断阈值,99Tcm-MIBI对肺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为90%(36/40)、82.35%(14/17)和87.72%(50/57);假阳性率和假阴性率分别为17.65%(3/17)和10%(4/40);阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 92.31%(36/39)和77.78%(14/18).40例恶性病变患者共检出转移淋巴结19个,其CT/SPECT断层融合图像的UR值为1.82±0.37.结论99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结具有较高的诊断价值.     

运动^99Tc^m—MIBI心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉病变的 …

目的　探讨定量分析运动99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉(简称冠脉)3支病变的价值。方法　76例拟诊冠心病患者,平均年龄(61±8.3)岁。间隔1个月内完成运动-静息99Tcm-MIBI心肌断层显像和冠脉造影检查。根据心肌短轴断层影像直径方向剖面曲线2个峰值点间的距离计算左心腔面积(LVD),以运动/静息LVD比值(LVDR)作为判断左心腔暂时性扩大的指标。结果　冠脉造影正常组、冠脉1支病变、2支病变和3支病变组LVDR平均值分别为1.01±0.05、1.02±0.05、1.05±0.04和1.13±0.06。76例拟诊冠心病患者中左室暂时性扩大者21例,其中,有冠脉3支病变者19例(90%)。LVDR值诊断冠脉3支病变的灵敏度和特异性分别为82%和94%,常规分析方法分别为50%和91%。其灵敏度显著高于常规分析方法(χ2=4.96,P<0.05),特异性差异无显著性(χ2=1.31,P>0.05),2种分析方法结合,灵敏度进一步提高,而特异性无显著下降。结论　定量分析运动99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像左心腔暂时性扩大可提高其诊断冠脉3支病变的灵敏度,不降低其特异性,LVDR值是诊断冠脉3支病变的1个新的有用指标。     

99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像和双时相核素显像对甲状腺冷结节良恶性的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像和双时相显像对甲状腺冷结节良恶性的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析甲状腺冷结节行手术治疗的患者28例,所有患者使用配备低能高分辨准直器的SPECT仪行99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注、30 min早期相及120 min延迟相静态平面显像,并用T/NT值等综合分析显像结果.结果 9例甲状腺癌患者在动态血流灌注、30 min早期相和120 min延迟相显像中阳性数分别为5例、6例、7例;19例良性病变患者在动态血流灌注、30 min早期相和120 min延迟相显像中阴性数分别为14例、11例、16例.99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为55.56%,特异度为73.68%,准确率为67.85%;30 min早期相显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为66.67%,特异度为57.89%,准确率为67.85%;120 min延迟相显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为77.78%,特异度为84.21%,准确率为82.14%.结论 99Tcm-MIBI的双时相显像对甲状腺冷结节的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定价值,通过对动态血流灌注和99Tcm-MIBI的双时相显像中T/NT值等综合分析,可以降低假阳性和假阴性的发生.     

肺良恶性病变99Tcm-MIBI显像与肺癌DNA含量分析

目的探讨99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)诊断肺部良恶性病变的价值及肺癌摄取99Tcm-MIBI比值与癌细胞DNA含量的关系.方法 27例肺良性病变及46例肺恶性病变患者均行99Tcm-MIBI早期和延迟肺显像,并测定病变靶/非靶(T/NT)摄取比值(UR).对肺恶性病变组中的24例手术标本进行DNA含量测定,计算DNA含量指数(DI),并与术前99Tcm-MIBI UR进行相关分析.结果良性病变组延迟UR为1.13±0.19,肺癌组为1.45±0.21,两者比较P<0.01;延迟相目测观察及UR诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为91.3%,55.6%,78.1%和80.4%,62.9%,73.9%;正常支气管黏膜上皮(二倍体)细胞DI=0.68±0.21,肺腺瘤DI=0.51±0.27,肺癌组DI=1.43±0.33(与前两者比较,P均<0.01).肺癌组异倍体细胞出现率为83.3%.肺癌组DI与延迟UR的r为0.32.结论 99Tcm-MIBI不是理想的鉴别诊断肺部良恶性病变的显像剂;延迟相UR有可能间接反映癌细胞DNA含量.     

^99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析鉴别甲状腺结节的价值

目的评价99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析法鉴别甲状腺结节的价值.材料和方法36例Na99mTcO4甲状腺显像为单发"冷结节"患者,行99mTc-MIBI甲状腺双时相显像,分别计算15和120min甲状腺结节摄取比值(ER、DR),以良性结节组的DR均值+标准差(0.90+0.21)为诊断恶性病变的阈值.结果手术证实良性病变22例,ER与DR值分别为0.89±0.33、0.90±0.21,恶性病变14例,ER和DR值分别为1.16±0.51、1.34±0.64,ER值两组间比较无差异(p＞0.05),DR两组间比较有显著性差异(p＜0.01).99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像DR值诊断良恶性病变的灵敏度85.7%,特异性86.4%,阳性预测值80.0%,阴性预测值90.5%.结论99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析能较好的鉴别甲状腺结节的性质,DR比ED更有价值.     

99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像对甲状腺癌诊断价值的再评价

目的 评价99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)甲状腺显像对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法 167例甲状腺"冷(凉)"结节患者进行了甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI显像.所有患者均依据病理或穿刺活组织检查诊断.99Tcm-MIBI显像早期相甲状腺结节完全或部分放射性填充视为阳性,轻度或不填充视为阴性;早期相放射性浓聚区与正常组织边界分明者视为分界清楚,否则为模糊;延迟相99Tcm-MIBI从浓聚区清除慢于正常组织者视为清除慢,快于或相同者视为清除快.计算99Tcm-MIBI显像的阳性和阴性预测率,以显像阳性病灶边界模糊和放射性清除慢为标准预测甲状腺癌的发生率.结果 99Tcm-MIBI显像对甲状腺癌的阳性预测率为23.5%(19/81),对甲状腺良性病变的阴性预测率为97.7%(84/86).显像阳性者单独用边界模糊预测甲状腺痛的发生率为36.2%(17/47),单独用清除速度慢预测甲状腺癌的发生率为43.9%(18/41).若放射性浓聚区边界模糊和清除速度慢二者都有时,其预测甲状腺癌的发生率为73.9%(17/23).结论 99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像阴性对甲状腺良性结节具有较大的诊断价值;阳性对甲状腺癌的诊断价值不大,但如果同时结合放射性浓聚区边界模糊和清除速度慢,则可提高其诊断价值.     

99Tcm-MIBI显像对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 观察99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺结节双时相显像的特征,对照病理学检查结果,探讨99Tcm-MIBI早期及延迟显像对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值.方法 89例经手术病理证实的甲状腺病变患者,其中,甲状腺癌患者38例,甲状腺良性病变患者51例,分别行甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI早期显像及延迟显像,对比分析早期及延迟显像中两组患者的T/NT值.结果 99Tcm-MIBI早期显像中,甲状腺癌组T/NT值(1.32±0.03)与甲状腺良性病变组T/NT值(1.26±0.22)相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.63,P＞0.05).99Tcm-MIBI延迟显像中,甲状腺癌组T/NT值(1.72±0.39)较甲状腺良性病变组T/NT值(1.20±0.36)增高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.45,P＜0.05).结论 甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI早期显像对甲状腺癌的诊断有较高的灵敏度,但特异性较低;99Tcm-MIBI延迟显像能提高诊断的特异性,对甲状腺结节良、恶性的鉴别有较好效果.     

双核素阳性显像评价肺癌原发耐药

目的探讨99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)和201Tl双核素阳性显像评估原发性肺癌原发耐药的可靠性.方法对80例原发性肺癌患者行99Tcm-MIBI 和201Tl 肺双核素SPECT显像,定量计算99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl早期及延迟显像的摄取比值、清除率和残留比值,并进行临床化疗前后比较.化疗疗效判断标准显效病灶缩小>50%;改善病灶缩小30%～50%;无效病灶缩小<30%或不缩小;恶化病灶扩展.结果①201Tl各参数与化疗疗效无明显相关性.②以心肌为本底的延迟显像99Tcm-MIBI摄取比值、清除率及残留比值对化疗疗效评估好于以对侧肺为本底的相应参数.99Tcm-MIBI残留比值稳定,显效、改善、无效、恶化组分别为0.24±0.08、0.20±0.11、0.16±0.08、0.14±0.05.③以99Tcm-MIBI清除率>20%为耐药阳性阈值时,阳性预测值、阴性预测值最佳,分别为71.2%和64.3%;以99Tcm-MIBI残留比值<0.21为耐药阳性阈值时,阳性预测值、阴性预测值最佳,分别为79.3%和72.7%.结论 99Tcm-MIBI 肺阳性显像对原发性肺癌耐药判断可靠性高,其残留比值为肺癌耐药判断的最佳参数.     

99 TcmN-NOEt门控心肌显像的临床应用

目的评价99Tcm-N-乙氧基,N-乙基氨荒酸钠(N-NOEt)门控心肌显像的临床应用价值,并与99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)进行比较.方法 20例受检者分为2组,组1左室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%,共13例,平均年龄(49.9±14.7)岁;组2LVEF<50%,共7例,平均年龄(50.9±12.9)岁.受检者静脉注射99TcmN-NOEt 925 MBq后分别于30和120 min行静息门控心肌断层显像,并计算心/肺(H/L)比值.组2 6例、组1 1例在3 d内行99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌显像,将每例受检者的左室心肌分为9个节段,以常规4分法进行打分.结果组1 30及120 min H/L比值分别为1.47±0.47和1.59±0.53(t=0.31, P>0.05),2次显像的LVEF、舒张末期容积(EDV)和收缩末期容积(ESV)差异无显著性(P>0.05).组2 30和120 min H/L比值分别为0.72±0.11和0.89±0.11(t=2.93, P<0.05),2次显像的LVEF,EDV和ESV间差异无显著性(P>0.05).2组间的H/L比值和LVEF、EDV、ESV差异有显著性.NOEt与MIBI所得LVEF,EDV和ESV值基本一致(P>0.05),但NOEt的不正常节段数(21个)较MIBI(17个)为多,两者的一致性为93.65%, Kappa±s=0.87±0.12,得分分别为2.00±0.84(MIBI)和2.38±0.84(NOEt)(t=1.39, P>0.05).结论①左心功能受损时, 肺摄取99TcmN-NOEt增多.②99TcmN-NOEt与99Tcm-MIBI所测得的LVEF,EDV和ESV基本一致.③99TcmN-NOEt测得的心肌放射性缺损的范围及程度较MIBI广泛而严重.     

断指再植术后早期99Tcm-RBC显像的临床价值

目的探讨断指再植术后早期(<48h)动态99Tcm-RBC血池显像(BPI)的临床价值.方法 30例断指再植患者于术后48 h内进行5次BPI,计算并对比分析再植指和正常指的放射性比值(T/NT),根据再植指放射性聚集程度将显像结果分为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.结果再植指通过4次高压氧(HBO)治疗后的T/NT(0.624±0.310)明显高于治疗前(0.413±0.274,t=2.79,P<0.01),4次治疗后的T/NT变化情况可作为终止HBO治疗的指征;治疗前显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级的T/NT分别为0.149±0.063、0.463±0.050、0.840±0.202(t=11.87、 9.30、5.77,P<0.01),血管危象发生率分别为100%、20%、0(χ2分别为28.8、20.0,P<0.01);48 h时显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级表现的再植指需再次手术和(或)坏死发生率分别为100%、8.3%、0(χ2分别为11.7、18.0,P<0.01).结论 BPI对断指再植术后早期动态监测疗效、预测血管危象发生和预后及进一步选择治疗方案均有重要的临床价值.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.