脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值

目的探讨脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值。方法对105例症状性脑缺血发作患者进行术前全脑血管造影，对相关影像学信息进行全面评估，根据评估结果对136支狭窄血管行血管内支架成形术，术后不同时期进行脑血管造影随访。结果70处血管狭窄恢复正常血管直径，54处残余狭窄〈20％，7处残余狭窄为50％～80％。5例因支架不能输送到位而放弃手术；术中血栓保护伞完全被封堵1例。患者术前症状均有不同程度缓解。70例患者获得术后1～36个月的脑血管造影随访，颈动脉再狭窄2例，椎动脉起始部再狭窄6例，颅内动脉再狭窄6例。结论 术前充分评估脑血管造影结果并据此制定个体化治疗策略是保证血管内支架成形术安全性的前提。     

血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术在有症状大脑中动脉狭窄治疗中的应用。方法：对3例临床诊断脑梗死和3例短暂性脑缺血发作患者行全脑血管造影术，发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄，对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术。结果：6例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功。大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从92．8％降至6％（P〈0．01）。1例患者在支架置入10min后出现急性血栓形成，术中经微导管注入尿激酶接触性溶栓，25min后血栓溶解。术后随访6个月，所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生。结论：采用血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄可行。     

中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的 探讨中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的应用.方法 在中西药结合治疗基础上,对临床诊断分水岭脑梗死15例和短暂性脑缺血发作10例患者行全脑血管造影术,发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄,对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术.结果 25例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功.大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从90.8 %降至10%～20%(P＜0.01).术后随访6个月,所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生.结论 采用中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄可行.     

血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄

目的探讨血管内支架成形术在有症状大脑中动脉狭窄治疗中的应用。方法对3例临床诊断脑梗死和3例短暂性脑缺血发作患者行全脑血管造影术,发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄,对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术。结果6例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功。大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从92·8%降至6%(P<0·01)。1例患者在支架置入10min后出现急性血栓形成,术中经微导管注入尿激酶接触性溶栓,25min后血栓溶解。术后随访6个月,所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生。结论采用血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄可行。     

Neuroform支架在治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄中的应用

目的评价使用Neuroform支架在治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性、可行性。方法症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者11例,其中前循环狭窄2例(1例狭窄位于颈内动脉眼段交通段,1例狭窄位于大脑中动脉M1段),后循环狭窄9例(3例狭窄位于基底动脉,6例狭窄位于基底动脉交界处);均进行支架成形术治疗,术后全脑血管造影复查及使用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)进行评定。结果11例患者支架全部置放成功,造影复查显示动脉直径狭窄率从术前(85.6±7.4)%降至术后(35.7±12.1)%。按NIHSS评分评估,11例患者术后症状明显改善,其中1例患者术后15天出现Wallenberg综合征,随访1~12个月,其他患者未出现脑缺血再发作及支架内再狭窄。结论应用Neuroform支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄合并路径血管纡曲不光滑的患者,可以提高手术成功率,减轻临床缺血症状和改善预后。     

经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的探讨经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法选择老年症状性椎动脉狭窄患者45例,行经桡动脉途径椎动脉支架成形术,观察其手术成功率、围术期并发症及临床疗效。结果 45例患者中,椎动脉开口置入球扩式支架43枚,椎动脉颅内段置入自膨式支架2枚,术后即刻造影,残余狭窄<20%,技术成功率达100%。围术期未发生动脉夹层、支架内血栓形成、颅内出血等并发症。与术前比较,术后临床症状明显好转,术后2～7d血流动力学明显改善(P<0.01)。总有效率93.3%。术后随访3个月～4年,平均(24±8)个月,支架内再狭窄12例(26.7%),无与责任血管相关的短暂性脑缺血发作及后循环脑梗死发生。结论经桡动脉途径血管内支架成形术治疗老年症状性椎动脉狭窄临床疗效好,并发症少,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

血管内支架成形术在症状性脑血管狭窄治疗中应用的初步探讨

目的 探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的效果及安全性.方法 对33例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者进行了37处血管内支架成形术治疗,其中颈内动脉颅外段狭窄14处,颈内动脉颅内段狭窄3处,大脑中动脉狭窄3处,椎动脉颅外段狭窄13处,椎动脉颅内段2处,锁骨下动脉2处.结果 本组33例患者行37处支架置入术,其中成功置入35枚支架,手术成功率94.59%;1例手术中并发脑血管痉挛,1例手术中并发造影剂过敏,1例手术后并发高灌注综合征.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄是安全有效的,其远期疗效尚待进一步随访观察.     

血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部狭窄的临床观察

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部粥样硬化性狭窄患者的安全性和疗效。方法对20例有症状的椎动脉开口部粥样硬化性狭窄的患者行血管内支架成形术,并随访6个月。结果椎动脉狭窄由(71.0±8.8)%下降至(7.0±5.4)%。技术成功率95%,未发生围手术期并发症。在1、3、6个月随访时按Malek评分,疗效极好17例,较好2例,1例在2个月后死亡。19例患者术后6个月超声检查未发现支架部位明显再狭窄和支架形态改变。结论血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部狭窄安全可行,有一定的疗效。     

Wingspan支架治疗重度症状性颅内椎动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的疗效评价

目的探讨Wingspan支架治疗重度症状性颅内段椎动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性及短中期疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年4月—2013年2月,因药物治疗无效而选择Wingspan支架置入治疗的椎动脉颅内段重度狭窄患者40例(共42处狭窄)的临床和影像学资料,分析椎动脉狭窄形态、技术成功率、围手术期并发症、临床及影像随访结果。结果①本组患者支架成形术的技术成功率为100%,术后平均狭窄率[中位数(M),范围]从75.4(54.3～99.0)%下降至10.0(0～40.0)%。②所有患者获得[中位数(M),范围]30.5(2～72)个月的临床随访,其中19例获得平均9个月(0.5～47)个月的DSA造影随访,14例获得平均8(2～35)个月的CT血管造影或MR血管造影随访。3例(7.5%)患者于30 d内发生了卒中,其中1例为术后24 h内发生的非致残性小卒中,1例为24 h内的栓塞事件所致的致残性卒中,1例为术后1周的亚急性支架内血栓形成所致的致残性卒中。1例(2.5%)患者发生30 d后非致残性的小卒中。随访中4例患者发生支架内再狭窄(12.9%,4/31),其中3例位于入颅段,1例为症状性再狭窄。结论 Wingspan支架治疗重度症状性颅内段椎动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的技术成功率高,治疗相对安全,中短期疗效较好。但支架置于入颅段椎动脉狭窄处,再狭窄率较高,长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

内镜引导沙氏探条扩张治疗十二指肠溃疡瘢痕性狭窄

目的：探讨内镜引导沙氏探条扩张治疗十二指肠溃疡瘢痕性狭窄的临床效果。方法：经内镜引导沙氏探条扩张治疗十二指肠溃疡瘢痕性狭窄45例。观察扩张后狭窄部内镜通过情况、临床症状缓解情况等。结果：原狭窄部孔隙0．1～0．4 cm，扩张后胃、十二指肠镜均能通过狭窄进入十二指肠降部，临床症状缓解，随访6、12、18、24、30、36个月症状缓解率为97.8％、97．8％、94．4％、93．7％、91．7％、87．5％。扩张后未进行正规溃疡治疗的患者症状复发率(4／18)明显高于坚持溃疡病治疗者(2／37)。结论：内镜引导沙氏探条扩张治疗十二指肠溃疡瘢痕性狭窄是一种安全有效的方法。     

中远端冠脉病变的支架治疗

目的 :评价应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层的小血管支架治疗中远端细小冠脉的病变 (≤ 2 5mm)的疗效。方法 :选择 60例冠心病患者 ,年龄 5 4 2± 10 5岁。男 4 6例 ,女 14例 ,常规行冠状动脉造影 ,对病变血管以美国GE公司血管造影机测量系统实时测量病变血管直径 ,<2 5mm病变血管共 69支 ,平均血管直径 2 0± 0 4 5mm ,植入BiodivYsioSV支架 74个。结果 :69支病变血管均经球囊扩张后植入支架 ,手术成功率 10 0 %。支架植入后病变平均狭窄直径减至 0 %～ 10 % ,无 1例急性 亚急性支架内血栓形成。全部病例随访 6± 3 8个月 ,无 1例死亡。 15例于术后 4± 1 2个月心绞痛复发 ,经冠脉造影证实13例为支架内再狭窄 ,2例出现新部位血管病变。结论 :应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层支架治疗小血管病变 ,再狭窄率低 ,临床疗效肯定     

Drug‐eluting stents in bifurcation lesions: To stent one branch or both?

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare two techniques to treat bifurcation lesions: a single drug-eluting stent (DES) implanted in the main branch combined with balloon dilatation for the side branch vs. stenting of both branches (double stent). BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary bifurcation lesions remains challenging. Although DES reduce restenosis in lesions, the double stent procedure has not shown clear advantages over a single stent with balloon dilation. METHODS: Fifty-three symptomatic patients with true bifurcation lesions were treated using either the double stent technique (n = 25) or one stent in the parent vessel plus balloon angioplasty of the side branch (n = 28). Procedural results and major adverse cardiac event rates (MACE: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR)) were compared. RESULTS: Angiographic procedural success (residual stenosis <30% in both branches) was 75% in the single stent group and 100% in the double stent group (P = 0.01). All differences were due to residual stenosis of the side branch. Clinical follow-up (6-18 months) was available for all patients; 90.5% of patients had a coronary angiography or nuclear stress test. Three patients (11%) in the single stent group and two (8%) in the double stent group had ischemia-driven TVR (P = NS). Asymptomatic angiographic restenosis (>50% diameter stenosis) in the ostium of the side branch was seen in two patients in the double-stent group. At 6 months, MACE-free was comparable between groups (89.3% vs. 88%, P = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: When treating bifurcation lesions with sirolimus-eluting stents, restenosis following a single stent procedure is comparable to stenting both parent and side branch vessels. Thus, stenting the main-branch lesion, coupled with balloon angioplasty in the side branch, produces a high success rate and good clinical outcomes at 6 months.     

不同类型支架治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效和并发症

目的 采用不同类型支架治疗症状性大脑中动脉（MCA）狭窄的临床疗效和并发症。方法回顾性分析采用不同类型支架治疗的64例均为大脑中动脉M1段狭窄（狭窄率≥70％）、药物治疗无效、反复短暂性脑缺血发作或有缺血性卒中的患者的临床资料,其中1例合并同侧颈内动脉海绵窦段重度狭窄,1例合并对侧椎动脉V4段重度狭窄。根据置入支架的不同,将患者分为Wingspan组（25例）、CoroflexBlue组（21例）及Firebird组（18例）。术后采用TCD、DSA及电话进行随访。结果①64例患者MCA支架置人技术成功率为96．9％（62／64）。其中Wingspan组、CoroflexBlue组和Firebird组成功率分别为96．0％（24／25）、95．2％（20／21）和100％,差异无统计学意义。②术后30d内,Wingspan组2例发生脑梗死,其中1例为同侧颈内动脉海绵窦段闭塞引发,1例为MCA的穿支闭塞引发;CoroflexBlue组1例出现频发性室性早搏,1例脑出血;Firebird组1例蛛网膜下腔出血。③术后6～12个月TCD随访显示,9例出现MCA再狭窄,再狭窄率为14．5％（9／62）。其中Wingspan组为16．7％（4／24）,CoroflexBlue组为15．0％（3／20）,Firebird组为11．1％（2／18）,Wingspan组再狭窄率略高,但差异无统计学意义。19例接受DSA随访,其中Wingspan组1例MCA重度狭窄,1例中度狭窄;CoroflexBlue组1例重度狭窄,1例中度狭窄;Firebird组1例支架术后中度狭窄。结论3种支架治疗MCA狭窄均安全、有效;术后再狭窄是值得关注的问题。长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

Vertebral artery stenting.

The safety and efficacy of endoluminal stenting in treating atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease was evaluated in 38 vessels in 32 patients. Indications for revascularization included diplopia (n = 4), blurred vision (n = 4), dizziness (n = 23), transient ischemic attacks (n = 4), drop attack (n = 1), gait disturbance (n = 1), headache (n = 2), and asymptomatic critical stenosis (n = 1). Success (< 20% residual diameter stenosis, without stroke or death) was achieved in all 32 patients (100%). One patient experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1 hr after the procedure. At follow-up (mean, 10.6 months), all patients (100%) were alive and 31/32 (97%) were asymptomatic. One patient (3%) had in-stent restenosis at 3.5 months and underwent successful balloon angioplasty. Endoluminal stenting of vertebral artery lesions is safe, effective, and durable as evidenced by the low recurrence rate. Primary stent placement is an attractive option for atherosclerotic vertebral artery stenotic lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:1-5.     

Wingspan支架成形术在症状性大脑中动脉狭窄中的应用

目的探讨症状性大脑中动脉狭窄Wingspan支架成形术的临床有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析23例经自膨式Wingspan支架治疗的症状性大脑中动脉急性缺血、药物治疗无效的大脑中动脉M1段狭窄患者和8例具备支架治疗适应证,但因经济困难等原因未行支架治疗而应用药物治疗的大脑中动脉M1段狭窄急性缺血患者的临床资料。支架组患者经过Gateway球囊预扩后,植入Wingspan自膨式支架。药物组应用依达拉奉注射液和丹参针。于术后7、14、21天后分别进行疗效评定,分析两组患者临床疗效。结果治疗后14天、21天的神经功能改善和日常生活活动能力改善两组间有显著性差异。结论采用Wingspan自膨式支架对有症状的M1段狭窄进行成形术,可行、安全、有效性好,近期随访证实疗效确切,能有效改善急性脑梗死的神经功能缺失和日常生活能力,但这是一项高技术性有创治疗,必须严格把握适应证和防止滥用,以保安全。     

症状性颅内动脉狭窄的造影分型与支架成形术

目的 探讨支架成形术(SAA)治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性和有效性以及部位、形态学和路径分型(LMA分型)的意义。方法 42例“顽固性”症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者接受了SAA治疗。狭窄位于大脑中动脉27例、颅内椎动脉7例、基底动脉4例和颅内颈内动脉4例。结果 LMA分型：分叉处病变占54.8％,A、B、C、D、F型分叉处病变分别为8、11、2、1、1例;在形态学上呈现A、B、C型病变者,各为19、19和4例;路径属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型者,各为15、23和4例。技术成功率为95．2％(40／42),Ⅰ型路径者均获得成功,Ⅱ和Ⅲ型路径者各有1例失败。围手术期并发症 病死率为9.5％(急性闭塞1例,高灌注综合征3例),1例C型病变死亡;致残和病死率为2.4％(1／42)。结论 SAA是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄有效和安全的方法,但对于C型病变具有危险性。LMA分型有助于预测SAA结果和制定手术和围手术期计划,但长期疗效需要进一步加以研究。     

Coronary stenting after rotational atherectomy in diffuse lesions of the small coronary artery: comparison with balloon angioplasty before stenting

The purpose of this randomized trial was to evaluate the role of debulking and balloon predilation on acute and long-term results of stent implantation in diffuse stenosis of small vessels. Patients with symptomatic diffuse stenosis of the native left anterior descending coronary artery between 2 and 2.9 mm in size were randomly assigned to rotational atherectomy (group I, n = 21) or balloon dilation (group II, n = 20) before stenting. The primary end point of the study was the incidence of angiographic restenosis at follow-up; adverse clinical events, such as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or target vessel revascularization, were assessed as secondary end points. Acute gain was significantly greater in group I than in group II (p = 0.038), but net gain at follow-up was similar in both groups (p = 0.24). There was no significant difference in angiographic restenosis rate (33.3% vs 31.3%, p = 0.80), target vessel revascularization (23.8% vs 15%, p = 0.21) or 1-year event-free survival rate (72.8% vs 84.6%, p = 0.28). In conclusion, rotational atherectomy before stenting showed no additional benefit over balloon dilation with stenting in the management of diffuse lesions in small coronary vessels.     

Neuroform EZ支架治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性及有效性分析

目的评价Neuroform EZ支架治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性纳入2016年11月至2018年11月解放军总医院第一医学中心神经内科连续收治、应用Neuroform EZ支架治疗的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄61例(共62个靶病变血管),所有患者术前脑血管造影明确诊断,术后1、3个月进行临床随访,术后6、12个月进行临床随访和影像随访,主要观察靶病变血管支架置入术后情况及有无新发临床事件。结果62个靶病变血管中,6个位于颈动脉C5~C7;31个位于颈动脉远端(C7以远),9个位于V3~V4段,16个位于V4段以远。Mori分型:A型12个,B型31个,C型19个。靶病变血管已累及穿支30个(48.4%),未累及穿支32个(51.6%)。61例患者共使用62枚支架,技术成功率100%。40例完成了首次临床随访及影像学随访,1例患者在术后1周内发生了靶病变血管支架内血栓形成及该部位的新发脑梗死。术后6、12个月随访,40例患者均无新发神经功能障碍,其中21例患者经全脑DSA进行影像随访,19例应用CT血管成像随访,结果显示2例(3.3%)分别在随访9.3个月和13.5个月时出现支架内再狭窄。结论Neuroform EZ支架治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄可取得很好的影像及临床效果,但仍需长期随访来验证。     

Therapeutic efficacy and stent patency of transhepatic portal vein stenting after surgery

AIM To evaluate portal vein(PV) stenosis and stent patency after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, using abdominal computed tomography(CT).METHODS Percutaneous portal venous stenting was attempted in 22 patients with significant PV stenosis( 50%)-after hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery- diagnosed by abdominal CT. Stents were placed in various stenotic lesions after percutaneous transhepatic portography. Pressure gradient across the stenotic segment was measured in 14 patients. Stents were placed when the pressure gradient across the stenotic segment was 5 mm Hg or PV stenosis was 50%, as observed on transhepatic portography. Patients underwent followup abdominal CT and technical and clinical success, complications, and stent patency were evaluated.RESULTS Stent placement was successful in 21 patients(technical success rate: 95.5%). Stents were positioned through the main PV and superior mesenteric vein(n = 13), main PV(n = 2), right and main PV(n = 1), left and main PV(n = 4), or main PV and splenic vein(n = 1). Patients showed no complications after stent placement. The time between procedure and final follow-up CT was 41-761 d(mean: 374.5 d). Twenty stents remained patent during the entire follow-up. Stent obstruction-caused by invasion of the PV stent by a recurrent tumor- was observed in 1 patient in a follow-up CT performed after 155 d after the procedure. The cumulative stent patency rate was 95.7%. Small in-stent low-density areas were found in 11(55%) patients; however, during successive follow-up CT, the extent of these areas had decreased.CONCLUSION Percutaneous transhepatic stent placement can be safe and effective in cases of PV stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Stents show excellent patency in follow-up abdominal CT, despite development of small in-stent low-density areas.     

Treatment of reoccurring instent restenosis following reintervention after stent-supported renal artery angioplasty.

BACKGROUND: Reoccurrence of restenosis following angioplasty of renal instent restenosis is a considerable drawback of stent-supported angioplasty of renal artery stenosis especially in small vessel diameters. We therefore prospectively studied the long-term outcome of different techniques of endovascular treatment of reoccurrence of instent renal artery restenosis after primarily successful reangioplasty focusing on the impact of covered and drug eluting stents, respectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 31 consecutive patients (33 lesions) presenting with their at least second instent restenosis following renal artery stenting who were included in a prospective follow-up program (mean follow-up 36+/-25 months, range 1-85). Primary endpoint of the study was the reoccurrence rate of instent stenosis after primarily successful treatment of instent restenosis determined by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: Primary success rate was 100%, no major complication occurred. Seven lesions were treated with balloon angioplasty (21%, group 1), 7 lesions with stent-in-stent placement (21%, group 2), 6 lesions with placement of a covered stent (18%, group 3), 3 lesions with a cutting balloon (9%, group 4), and 10 lesions with placement of a drug eluting stent (31%, group 5). During follow-up, overall 12 lesions (36%) developed reoccurrence of instent restenosis: n=5 in group 1 (reoccurrence rate 71%), n=3 in group 2 (43%), n=1 in group3 (17%), 3 in group 4 (100%), and n=0 in group 5 (0%). Treatment with a cutting balloon was the only significant predictor of restenosis (hazard ratio 32.3 (95% CI, 3.3-315.0); P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Treatment of at least second renal artery instent restenosis is feasible and safe. Balloon angioplasty and the implantation of a bare metal stent, a covered stent, or a drug eluting stent seemed to offer favorable long-term patency, whereas cutting balloon angioplasty resulted in a very high rate of restenoses and should therefore be discouraged for this indication.