艺术噪音的生物基学工程基础

艺术噪音医学是传统是医学中产生出来的一门新学科，其研究还处于发展完善阶段，特别是客观的、科学的研究还不够成熟。我们首次站在生物医学工程的角度，从声学和解剖生理学两方面探讨了艺术噪音医学的研究基础，进行了艺术噪音定量化研究的初步工作，通过实际的实验数据进一步说明了定量化测量分析在艺术噪音医学中的作用。     

嗓音分析在疾病诊断中的应用

嗓音分析是语音识别领域的一个分支,是生物特征识别技术的重要研究领域之一。它是旨在根据人们说话或发声时嗓音波形中反映说话人生理、病理、心理和行为特征的嗓音参数,自动识别说话人身份、判读言语内容或诊断疾病的技术,具有广阔应用前景。语音识别研究已有50年的历史,而通过嗓音诊断疾病的工作在上世纪70年代才得以开展。本文介绍了嗓音诊断疾病系统、国内外研究现状和常用的嗓音处理方法,并讨论了嗓音分析在疾病诊断中的问题。最后简要展望了其应用前景。     

嗓音吸引力与人际关系

嗓音吸引力在人际关系中起到了重要作用。本文首先介绍了嗓音吸引力在人类亲密关系的建立和维持中的作用,然后介绍了嗓音吸引力在领导力展示方面的作用,接着介绍了人们对嗓音吸引力的感知会随着年龄的发展而发生变化。文章最后对现有研究进行了总结,从嗓音吸引力的操纵和测量、人际交往活动的选择和控制、技术手段的使用、应用的转化等四个方面,分析了已有研究的不足,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

甲状软骨钙化的高频超声研究在嗓音医学中的应用

目的 通过采用总嘶哑度-粗糙声-气息声-无力声-紧张声(GRBAS)评估高频超声研究甲状软骨钙化与嗓音医学相关性,为喉部病理学、嗓音治疗等医学研究提供超声影像学依据.方法 选择2018年11月至2019年11月在深圳市龙岗区耳鼻咽喉医院经高频超声检查发现的100例甲状软骨钙化患者,其中男性74,女性26例;年龄19～4...     

以嗓音障碍指数与反流指数为指导的干预在甲状腺癌术后患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨以嗓音障碍指数与返流指数为指导的干预应用于甲状腺癌术后患者中的效果.方法:选择2020年1月至2021年1月江苏省原子医学研究所附属江原医院收治的甲状腺癌手术患者108例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组54例.对照组行常规干预,观察组行以嗓音障碍指数与返流指数为指导的干预.对比两组术后嗓音声学值变化、嗓音障碍指...     

嗓音吸引力评价的个体差异

高吸引力的嗓音会诱发人们的趋近行为,但高吸引力嗓音的评价标准却有着显著的个体差异。本文首先介绍了同性间和异性间的嗓音吸引力评价,然后介绍了个体对自我嗓音吸引力的评价,接着介绍了障碍人群(如抑郁症、精神分裂症等)对嗓音吸引力的评价。文章最后对现有研究进行了总结,从嗓音吸引力评价的个体差异的涵盖范围、研究方法、临床价值及应用开发等四个方面,分析了已有研究的不足,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

基于分形方法的嗓音病变量化检测

应用分形方法对嗓音病变进行了量化检测,客观定量的分析了不同分形维数下的嗓音病变程度,结束了以往一直沿用主观听觉心理评判嗓音优劣的历史,对喉科学的发展研究具有重要意义。     

中西医结合与中医药配伍现状的探讨

全球化、信息化加速了中西医药文化的融汇和发展，现代科学促进中医理论的发展，使诊断和治疗定量化、标准化。现代药理学研究沟通中西医治疗原则，并使中药制剂现代化。中西药物的配伍，是发展二者所长的中国的新医药学。纪念毛泽东同志关于中国新医学论述，回顾三代领导人关于中西医结合的一系列指示，给中国特色的新医学赋予了新的更扎实的内容。     

基于非线性动力学和高斯混合模型/支持向量机的病态嗓音识别与研究

传统的病态嗓音的识别研究中,通常采用线性分析技术分析嗓音的特性,将嗓音产生过程用一个经典的线性模型来近似,然而,这样却忽略了嗓音产生过程中的非线性特性。本文基于非线性动力学的分析方法,定量分析并提取了嗓音的7维非线性特征——Hurst参数、时间延迟、第二阶Rényi熵、香农熵、关联维、Kolmogorov熵(K熵)、最大Lyapunov指数。实验结果表明,非线性动力学的方法能够弥补传统分析方法的不足,较好分析正常与病态嗓音;应用高斯混合模型(GMM)和支持向量机(SVM)的模式识别方法,分别对测试集39例正常嗓音和36例病态嗓音进行识别,均得到较好的识别率,分别为97.22%和97.30%。     

第六讲研究结果的统计学问题

在有了严格的临床设计并实施后,会得到许多研究所需要的信息,如何运用概率论及数理统计的原理和方法来分析医学信息就是医学统计学的任务了,统计学是描述、归纳、探索数据分布规律、解释数据的科学和艺术,也是研究人员合理地、灵活地运用统计学原理和方法,充分提取试验信息,深入揭示研究事物客观规律的一种手段。     

图像分析系统及其在生物医学中的应用

目前图像分析系统在组织细胞形态与化学成份定量分析研究工作和辅助临床病理诊断中起着重要的作用。随着计算机技术的快速发展，图像分析系统也有了长足的进步，其测试功能，速度，精度及自动化程度有了大幅度的提高，同时，医学的进步，大大推动了医学图像分析系统的发展，本文就图像分析系统的发展过程，基本结构和工作原理作了着重阐明，并介绍了图像分析系统在生物医学中的应用。     

无创心血管功能测试诊断仪的研究

将传统中医的脉象诊断定量化，并深入研究脉搏波传播规律，实现无创检测人体心血管系统疾病，并进行早期的诊断，治疗是当前临床医学的热点之一。本文讨论了一种全自动心血管功能诊断系统，通过无创测量脉搏波的不同信息变化，经过数据处理及分析获取心血管系统的有关参数，本系统包括应变片式压力传感器，信号放大装置、数据采集分析系统，可全方位，多功能地显示各种脉图，在软件设计中引入小波分析，有效地降低了测量误差，实现了测量的智能化，研究表明，该系统与中医脉诊相结合，为中医诊脉的科学化，客观化提供了一个有力的工具。     

“自上而下”法评定检验项目的测量不确定度

目的 对本核医学实验室电化学发光检验项目的测量不确定度进行评价.方法 依据CNAS技术报告“医学实验室一测量不确定度的评定与表达”,采用“自上而下”的方法,评定偏移和实验室内测量复现性两部分分量引入的不确定度并合成,计算相对扩展不确定度.结果 本核医学实验室电化学发光检验项目的相对扩展不确定度分别是AFP,8.56％;CEA,12.01％;t-PSA,11.87％;f-PSA,12.14％;FER,16.32％;CA125,8.53％;CA15-3,11.89％;CA19-9,9.40％(k=2).结论 核医学实验室对定量项目的测量不确定度进行评定很有必要.     

Keiten-Aijin

As a member of the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, I was involved in an epidemiological study called the Funagata Diabetes Study, which demonstrated that the postprandial hyperglycemia was a formidable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The accumulation of clinical evidence relating to laboratory medicine has resulted in the appropriate use of the results of laboratory tests such as plasma glucose concentration and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), in clinical practice. After moving to the Department of Laboratory Medicine, I participated in the nationwide standardization program of HbA1c and other tests related to diabetes mellitus. This program achieved standardization of the HbA1c measurement in Japan. The scientific execution of routine examination in the laboratories is also based on the traceability system, so that the results of laboratory tests are precisely used in clinical practice. Laboratory testing is itself a science, and not an art. However, when doctors advise patients of the results of laboratory testings, importance of art increases at that moment, because the personalities of patients are complex and diverse. In this respect, we would like to understand deeply that "Every human seeks the reason of his or her own existence"(Dr. Takeshi Saito). Not only doctors but also their medical colleagues are asked to improve both the science and art of medicine through lifelong learning in order to provide the most appropriate care to patients through clear insight, rich imagination and a deep understanding of each patient's personality.     

Gender differences in lateralization of mismatch negativity in dichotic listening tasks.

OBJECTIVE: With the aim of investigating gender differences in the functional lateralization subserving preattentive processing of language stimuli, we compared auditory mismatch negativities (MMNs) using dichotic listening tasks. METHODS: Forty-four healthy volunteers, including 23 males and 21 females, participated in the study. MMNs generated by pure-tone and phonetic stimuli were compared, to check for the existence of language-specific gender differences in lateralization. Both EEG amplitude and scalp current density (SCD) data were analyzed. RESULTS: With phonetic MMNs, EEG findings revealed significantly larger amplitude in females than males, especially in the right hemisphere, while SCD findings revealed left hemisphere dominance and contralateral dominance in males alone. With pure-tone MMNs, no significant gender differences in hemispheric lateralization appeared in either EEG or SCD findings. CONCLUSION: While males exhibited left-lateralized activation with phonetic MMNs, females exhibited more bilateral activity. Further, the contralateral dominance of the SCD distribution associated with the ear receiving deviant stimuli in males indicated that ipsilateral input as well as interhemispheric transfer across the corpus callosum to the ipsilateral side was more suppressed in males than in females. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of the present study suggest that functional lateralization subserving preattentive detection of phonetic change differs between the genders. These results underscore the significance of considering the gender differences in the study of MMN, especially when phonetic stimulus is adopted. Moreover, they support the view of Voyer and Flight [Voyer, D., Flight, J., 2001. Gender differences in laterality on a dichotic task: the influence of report strategies. Cortex 37, 345-362.] in that the gender difference in hemispheric lateralization of language function is observed in a well-managed-attention condition, which fits the condition adopted in the MMN measurement; subjects are required to focus attention to a distraction task and thereby ignore the phonetic stimuli that elicit MMN.     

Recommendations for expressing uncertainty of measurement of quantitative results in laboratory medicine

In laboratory medicine, the quantitative results of examinations are interpreted with regard to reference intervals, clinical decision limits or previous results of a patient, from which it is necessary to inform the clinician about the uncertainty of measurement linked to the value of the result. This document explains the problematic of the expression of the uncertainty of measurement. It proposes recommendations concerning a simple way to evaluate uncertainty of measurement using long term internal quality control data and the value of the uncertainty linked to the method calibration. It approaches the determination of analytical goals and the choice of methods and also the comments accompanying the record of results and a help to their interpretation.     

Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats

Components of heart rate variability have attracted considerable attention in psychology and medicine and have become important dependent measures in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Quantification and interpretation of heart rate variability, however, remain complex issues and are fraught with pitfalls. The present report (a) examines the physiological origins and mechanisms of heart rate variability, (b) considers quantitative approaches to measurement, and (c) highlights important caveats in the interpretation of heart rate variability. Summary guidelines for research in this area are outlined, and suggestions and prospects for future developments are considered.     

Dermatology: science and art of sighting

Art is beauty, reasoning, science and profession. Medicine is an art because it combines all these skills. But in the practice of medicine, experience is required and it can only be obtained through practice. Dermatology is also an art; it is learned through looking.To look is the act of perceiving the color and form of things through the eyes. The dermatologist utilizes art to learn, he uses observation, knowledge, reasoning to observe artwork. And through these acts he starts to observe figures, colors, and finally forms a pattern. After repeating this act, he establishes experience, and that is when the dermatologist learns the true art of dermatology, the art of seeing.     

Cdc42独立调节A549细胞迁移能力的自动测量

目的 定量分析Cdc42对A549细胞迁移能力的独立调节作用,并验证一种自动测量和计算体外细胞迁移距离的新方法的有效性.方法 在人肺腺癌A549细胞中过表达Cdc42,然后进行划痕实验并在不同时间点采集图像.应用多种测量方法对图像进行定量分析,统计分析各方法针对细胞迁移距离测量的精确度和可重复性.结果 Cdc42过表达组A549细胞的迁移速度大于对照组（P＜0.05）.与人工测量相比,新方法具有高效、准确及重复性好等优势.与现有计算机软件（Image Pro Plus 6.0）测量方法相比,新方法在测量区域识别、去除噪声等方面具有显著的优越性.结论 Cdc42过表达后显著提高了A549细胞的体外迁移能力.新方法可实现对体外细胞迁移的自动定量分析.