Adenoid cystic carcinoma with hyperostosis after stereotactic radiosurgery

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a relatively rare tumor characterized by slow evolution, recurrences, and protracted clinical course. We performed stereotactic radiosurgery in order to palliate symptoms for intraorbital recurrence of ACC that had been treated with total resection of the left parotid gland, radical neck dissection, and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. We experienced interesting hyperostosis in the area irradiated by the stereotactic radiosurgery.     

外耳道鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的影像学及临床特征

目的：探讨影像学及临床特征对鉴别外耳道鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的价值。方法：搜集17例在我院经病理证实的外耳道恶性肿瘤患者的病例资料。其中10例行CT、MRI平扫及增强检查,5例行CT及MRI平扫检查,2例仅行CT平扫。采用Fisher精确概率法,分析鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的HRCT、MRI特征及临床表现的差异。结果：17例中鳞状细胞癌9例、腺癌8例。CT表现为外耳道内软组织影。17例病变大部分MR呈不均匀T2信号。5例鳞癌生长于外耳道外侧壁,而6例腺癌起自外耳道软骨部。鳞癌及腺癌均可累及邻近骨质及周围软组织（P〉0.05）。8例外耳道鳞癌以耳溢液为主,6例伴中耳炎病史,而7例腺癌以耳痛为主。11例（73.3%）影像学评估病变范围与手术病理评估一致。结论：影像学检查对外耳道鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的鉴别诊断及病变对周围组织侵犯的评估有重要意义。     

Acinic cell carcinoma of the head and neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: To describe and correlate the imaging and pathologic findings of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) in the head and neck. METHODS: We reviewed the radiologic findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven ACC in the head and neck. They were 6 males and 6 females (ages: 5-75 years, mean 36 years) who undergoing computed tomography (CT, n=9) and CT with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n=3). RESULTS: The lesions in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland were solid (n=7), cystic (n=1), and cystic mass with mural nodule (n=1) on CT. A parapharyngeal lesion was cystic mass with mural nodule, and a submandibular and a palate tumor were cystic lesions on CT. All solid masses in the parotid gland (n=7) included focal low-attenuating portions on CT, which were microcyst, hemorrhage, or necrosis on pathologic examination. We could not find intratumoral calcifications or metastatic lymphadenopathy on imaging and histologic studies in all 12 cases. Internal hemorrhage on the MR images was seen in a parapharyngeal and a parotid lesion. CONCLUSION: Although ACC appears to have nonspecific imaging findings, familiarity with some imaging features can be helpful for differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors.     

CT and MR of temporal bone malignancies primary and secondary to parotid carcinoma.

PURPOSETo review the CT and MR characteristics of temporal bone malignancy, and to evaluate the relationship between malignancies of the temporal bone and parotid gland.METHODSA group of 15 surgical patients with diagnosis of temporal bone malignancy were retrospectively reviewed. These included 11 cases of primary temporal bone malignancy and four cases of secondary carcinoma of the temporal bone from a primary tumor of the parotid gland. Three primary temporal bone malignancies were recurrences, and two secondary tumors were parotid recurrences.RESULTSFive of the 11 patients with primary temporal bone malignancy had parotid infiltration (45%). All four patients with secondary temporal bone destruction caused by parotid carcinoma had erosion of the mastoid, two with erosion of the external auditory canal, and one of the middle ear.CONCLUSIONSIt is important radiographically to recognize the close relationship between malignancies of the temporal bone and parotid gland, because either may secondarily invade the other. Suspicion of malignancy in either the temporal bone or parotid gland necessitates complete imaging of the other structure. Temporal bone or skull base erosion were best seen on CT at bone algorithm. MR with and without infusion provided excellent delineation of soft-tissue tumor margins, muscle infiltration, intracranial extension, and vascular encasement.     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤磁共振成像的影像学表现

目的探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤(Warthin瘤)的磁共振成像(MRI)影像学表现,以提高术前诊断准确性。方法对手术病理证实的29例腮腺腺淋巴瘤的术前MRI图像进行回顾性分析。其中,男性27例,女性2例。年龄42~85岁,平均(62±8)岁。结果 29例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者中共发现54个肿瘤(单侧单发20例,单侧多发4例,双侧多发5例),其中36个(67%)位于腮腺浅叶和中下极,无单独发生于深叶的病灶。肿瘤一般呈类圆形、椭圆形或浅分叶状软组织结节或肿块,边缘光整、大部分可见包膜(50个),病灶小者信号较均匀、较大者信号混杂,T1WI大部分低信号,T2WI及压脂T2WI高低混杂信号、灶周及部分病灶内见留空血管影,增强后实质成分表现为较明显强化,且大部分早期强化、延时期减退。其中19例可见囊变,囊变区呈类圆形液性信号影,囊变区呈明显的T1WI低信号T2WI高信号。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点,根据其发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

125I放射性粒子治疗腮腺复发性腺样囊性癌的靶区设计及剂量学分析

目的 分析¹²⁵I放射性粒子单纯植入治疗腮腺区复发性腺样囊性癌的靶区设计方法及剂量学参数。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2019年10月北京大学口腔医院收治的行单纯¹²⁵I放射性粒子近距离植入治疗的25例复发性腮腺腺样囊性癌患者的靶区设计及剂量学参数。术前结合腺样囊性癌病理学特点对不同复发部位设计靶区范围,处方剂量为100~120 Gy,术后验证靶区范围与剂量学参数。随访统计局部控制情况及放疗相关不良反应。结果 25例患者复发部位分别为腮腺浅叶区10例,腮腺深叶区7例,颅底区及乳突颌后区复发各4例。中位植入粒子数量为59颗,粒子活度18.5~25.9 MBq,植入后验证所有患者均实现植入前靶区设计范围,D₉₀、V₁₀₀、V₁₅₀等剂量学参数与植入前相近,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3年、5年局部控制率分别为81.5%和61.5%,不同部位的局部控制率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 单纯应用¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入治疗腮腺区复发性腺样囊性癌,通过结合病理学特点及复发部位优化靶区设计,合理准确应用达到剂量学参数,可获得较好的局部控制。     

腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT诊断价值

目的:探讨腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT表现特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的9例腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的临床和CT检查资料。结果:9例均为单发肿瘤,位于腮腺浅叶,紧邻包膜下。CT平扫肿瘤呈类圆形7例,长椭圆形伴浅分叶2例,边缘清晰,直径多<3cm,4例肿瘤内见囊变;CT增强扫描实质部分动脉期呈显著强化,静脉期强化程度接近或稍低于动脉期,密度相对较均匀。结论:腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合其临床特点有助于其术前定性诊断。     

常规MRI联合DWI在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DWI图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值。按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶。比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值。结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5%),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4%),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3%)。多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001)。结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据。     

Radiological features of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the uterine cervix is a rare primary neoplasm of the uterus that occurs in post-menopausal women; its radiological findings have not been described previously. We present the MR findings of a case of ACC. The mass exhibited homogeneous low-signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, the mass showed high-signal intensity with a lobulated contour and multiple septum-like internal architectures. It also contained spots of very high-signal intensity, which would represent the mucin in the glandular lumen. The multiple septum-like internal architectures probably represented interglandular fibrous stroma. These MRI findings may be helpful for future diagnoses of ACC of the uterine cervix.     

Imaging of salivary gland tumours

Salivary gland neoplasms account for <3% of all tumors. Most of them are benign and parotid gland is the commonest site. As a general rule, the smaller the involved salivary gland, the higher is the possibility of the tumor being malignant. The role of imaging in assessment of salivary gland tumour is to define intra-glandular vs. extra-glandular location, detect malignant features, assess local extension and invasion, detect nodal metastases and systemic involvement. Image guided fine needle aspiration cytology provides a safe means to obtain cytological confirmation. For lesions in the superficial parotid and submandibular gland, ultrasound is an ideal tool for initial assessment. These are superficial structures accessible by high resolution ultrasound and FNAC which provides excellent resolution and tissue characterization without a radiation hazard. Nodal involvement can also be assessed. If deep tissue extension is suspected or malignancy confirmed on cytology, an MRI or CT is mandatory to evaluate tumour extent, local invasion and perineural spread. For all tumours in the sublingual gland, MRI should be performed as the risk of malignancy is high. For lesions of the deep lobe of parotid gland and the minor salivary glands, MRI and CT are the modalities of choice. Ultrasound has limited visualization of the deep lobe of parotid gland which is obscured by the mandible. Minor salivary gland lesions in the mucosa of oral cavity, pharynx and tracheo-bronchial tree, are also not accessible by conventional ultrasound. Recent study suggests that MR spectroscopy may differentiate malignant and benign salivary gland tumours as well as distinguishing Warthin's tumor from pleomorphic adenoma. However, its role in clinical practice is not well established. Similarly, the role of nuclear medicine and PET scan, in imaging of parotid masses is limited. Sialography is used to delineate the salivary ductal system and has limited role in assessment of tumour extent.     

头颈部腺样囊性癌的CT影像分析

目的　评价头颈部腺样囊性癌 (ACC)的CT表现。方法　回顾性分析头颈部ACC33例 ,其中 2 2例手术、11例为病理穿刺活检证实并行放射治疗。结合临床及病理 ,观察CT表现。结果　肿瘤来源 :腮腺、口底、鼻腔鼻咽各 5例 ;舌 4例 ;腭、气管各 3例 ;颌下腺、扁桃体、上颌窦及颊部各 2例。CT表现 :(1)筛样改变 2 1例 ,部分筛样改变 5例。 (2 )肿瘤形态不规则呈无定形生长 17例 ,边缘不清晰 2 0例。 (3)肿瘤常沿神经生长并侵犯神经 ,表现为颅底骨质破坏 5例 ,咀嚼肌群萎缩 3例以及面肌和 (或 )颊肌萎缩 3例。结论　 (1)头颈部ACC的CT影像有以下特征 :低密度筛样改变 ;浸润性生长 ;沿神经生长并侵犯神经 ;黏膜下生长。其中又以筛样改变为最重要征象 ,CT凭此可以作出ACC的组织学诊断。 (2 )CT往往对肿瘤范围估计不足。 (3)MRI能够显示肿瘤沿神经生长的情况。     

Oncocytoma of the parotid gland causing false-positive result on I-131 whole-body scintigraphy

A 50-year-old patient underwent near-total thyroidectomy in 1997 because of a T?N?M? follicular carcinoma in the right lobe of the thyroid gland, followed by I-131 ablation (3700 MBq). Follow-up of I-131 whole-body scintigraphy after 9 years showed pathologic uptake at the left side of the neck. Histopathologic analyses of the resected specimen suggested a cystic metastasis within the parotid gland, probably originating from thyroid carcinoma. However, the patient had been disease-free for over 9 years and thyroglobulin was undetectable in plasma. Revision of the specimen with complementary immunohistochemical staining revealed histopathologic aspects more typical of oncocytoma.     

MR findings of nine cases of palatal tumor.

PURPOSE: To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of pathologically confirmed palatal tumors. METHODS: Nine cases of palatal tumor were studied. Clinical data, MRI findings, and pathological diagnoses were evaluated. RESULTS: Five cases were tumors of the hard palate and four of the soft palate. Signal intensity on T1-weighted images varied, and hyperintensity was observed on T2-weighted images. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma showed homogenous signal intensity. Other tumors showed heterogeneous signal intensities. On dynamic contrast analysis, malignant pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma showed early enhancement. On post-contrast T1-weighted images, hard palate pleomorphic adenoma, malignant pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma showed strong enhancement. Although the borders of the tumors were classified as clear in 6 cases treated surgically, macroscopic and microscopic borders of the tumors were unclear. Adenoid cystic carcinoma and hard palate diffuse large B cell lymphoma invaded the maxillary bone. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance findings of palatal tumor varied in different histologies. Even with a small palpable portion, malignant tumors could directly infiltrate surrounding structures, which demonstrated well on MRI.     

腮腺少见肿瘤增强CT表现特征临床研究

目的分析腮腺少见肿瘤的增强CT表现特征。方法选取2010年1月至2016年1月成都医学院第一附属医院收治20例腮腺少见肿瘤患者作为观察对象,通过患者增强CT扫描影像分析患者肿瘤的位置、大小、形态及病变密度与周围组织间的关系。结果基底细胞癌:5例患者肿瘤均位于腮腺浅叶,且边缘清晰,病变组织中呈囊性病变,增强CT扫描表现出不均匀中度-明显增强趋势,肿块组织边缘或内部均有结节状强化影存在,3例患者伴淋巴结增大的特征;肌细胞上皮瘤:3例患者肿瘤位于腮腺浅叶,多伴随小囊变,仅1例患者病灶中出现小点状钙化影,实性组织增强CT扫描表现出中度-明显增强,多伴动脉期强化结节及肿瘤边缘显著强化等特征;脉管瘤:主要结构为软组织肿瘤,肿瘤体积较大,密度表现为均匀或不均匀,可在腮腺表面观察到静脉石突出,增强CT扫描后呈现轻度-明显增强;淋巴上皮囊肿:囊肿中存在粘稠囊液,呈高密度表现;腮腺脂肪瘤:主要为脂肪密度肿块,边界清晰,无增强表现,病变组织内部可观察到纤维分隔的现象;软骨肉瘤:主要以囊性肿瘤为主,且伴随边缘钙化、骨化成分的肿块。结论少见腮腺肿瘤具有一定的增强CT影像学特征,且与肿瘤的发生机制有一定的相关性,增强CT在诊断腮腺少见肿瘤中具有较好的应用效果,值得在临床推广应用。     

Study of the salivary glands in 1990

Radiologic examination of the salivary glands can provide clinically useful information that may help to establish the diagnosis and indicate appropriate therapy. US and conventional sialography remain the standard methods of examination for inflammatory diseases and superficial parotid masses. However, CT and MR have allowed a new means of examination of parotid lesions, or of lesions around the parotid gland. MR appears to be the procedure of choice to investigate adenoid cystic carcinoma, recurrence and tumors expanding into the pterygopharyngal space or the sub-tonsillar space. Stenon duct endoscopy is a new imaging and therapeutic procedure to be introduced into the therapeutic strategy in these patients.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of jugular foramen

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a slowly growing malignant tumor with high local recurrence, perineural and vascular invasion. This tumor might arise from the glands of upper respiratory tract and oral cavity (eg, salivary or serous or mucous). Here we report the case of a 65-year-old woman who was referred to our unit for left retro-auricular radiating pain with trigger points and frontal headache since 6 months. There was no involvement of cranial nerves. Imaging screening using MRI, Positron emission tomography with 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, Gallium-68 DOTA-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (68Ga DOTATOC) Positron emission tomography-CT suggested a suspicion of schwannoma or paraganglioma of the jugular foramen. However, the CT-guided biopsy revealed presence of adenoid cystic carcinoma. These warrants performing mandatory histological analysis combined with imaging screening suspicion of schwannoma or paraganglioma.     

腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI特点

目的 探讨腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI的影像特点(6例CT检查,3例MR检查).9例中男4例,女5例,中位年龄58岁(40～79岁).对肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号及强化形式进行分析.结果 9例患者均为单发肿瘤,8例位于腮腺浅叶,1例位于腮腺深叶.9个肿瘤中7个为类圆形,无分叶;2个为长椭圆形,有浅分叶.9个肿瘤边缘均光滑清楚;MR检查3例,2个肿瘤周边见T2wI低信号的包膜,1个肿瘤周边见一较薄的T2WI高信号环.3个肿瘤MRI均表现为长T1、短T2信号,增强后呈不均匀轻、中度强化,内见裂隙样、小片状低信号,并出现延迟强化,1例见壁结节;CT检查6例,平扫肿瘤均表现为低密度,其中4个肿瘤CT强化共同特点均为薄壁环形强化,且有大小不等的壁结节,肇结节呈中～重度强化(平均CT值增加为65.5 HU),另外2个呈均匀中度强化.结论 老年女性患者腮腺浅叶内单发边界清楚病灶,CT增强表现为薄壁环形强化且有壁结节,MRI表现为长T1、短T2信号,强化内见裂隙样、小片状低信号且出现延迟强化,要考虑基底细胞腺瘤的可能.     

Pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the airways

Involvement of the airways by adenoid cystic carcinoma is best evaluated with multiple sequences of MRI in various planes, as long as the interpreting physician is aware of the potential pitfalls. Adenoid cystic malignancy (cylindroma) of the airways is an uncommon malignancy which can be treated with positive results by surgery and radiation therapy. Pre-therapeutic assessment is important in determining the extent of local tumor invasion and the involvement of mediastinal structures, especially if surgery is proposed as part of the therapy. A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the airways with multi-planar MRI in multiple sequences is presented, together with a discussion of the pitfalls of chemical shift artifact in the distal trachea. Offprint requests to: Ronald L. Embry     

Long-term local control of recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland with radiotherapy and intraarterial infusion chemotherapy

We report a case of postoperative recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the left parotid gland treated with radiotherapy and arterial infusion chemotherapy. A 52-year-old woman had a history of surgical resection for an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the left parotid gland 25 years before. Despite two reoperations for local recurrence after the initial surgery, she had a third local recurrence in the remnant of the left parotid gland. The patient was treated with a concurrent combination of radiotherapy (60 Gy/30F) and intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with carboplatin (750 mg/30 days) from which she obtained a complete response. The patient has remained free of local progression 54 months after treatment. Radiotherapy and arterial infusion chemotherapy is effective treatment for local recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck.     

侵及颈静脉孔区的原发性中耳癌的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨侵及颈静脉孔区的原发性中耳癌的CT、MRI特点.方法 回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的侵及颈静脉孔区原发性中耳癌患者的CT、MRI资料,其中6例行高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描,1例行常规CT增强扫描,7例均行MR平扫+增强.结果 HRCT显示鼓室、鼓窦、外耳道深部及颈静脉孔区软组织病灶伴不规则虫蚀样骨质破坏,涉及颈静脉孔(7例)、咽鼓管骨性段(7例)、面神经管(4例)、颈动脉管(4例)、外耳道前后壁(3例)、听小骨(2例)及前庭窗、水平半规管(1例)等结构的破坏.4例病变密度较均匀,CT值约30～55 HU,2例肿块内见少许小片状高密度影.1例CT增强显示中度较均匀强化.MR平扫示边界不清软组织肿块,与脑灰质相比,T1WI呈等、略低信号,T2WI呈等、略高信号,其中5例信号较均匀,2例肿块内见少许小片状T1WI、T2WI低信号灶,增强扫描5例呈中度较均匀强化,2例不均匀强化,内见小片状无强化区.MRI显示4例侵及颈内动脉,1例侵及乙状窦.结论 原发性中耳癌可广泛侵及颈静脉孔区,易造成误诊.HRCT可准确显示中耳癌骨质破坏特点及范围,咽鼓管骨性段破坏可帮助减少误诊;MRI能更清楚显示病变范围,肿瘤信号及强化方式有一定特点.