经导管血管内溶栓治疗急慢性动脉闭塞性疾患

目的：探讨经导管血管内溶栓治疗的疗效、价值和方法。方法：6例患者经健侧股动脉穿刺置管,其中1例腹主动脉肾动脉平面以广泛栓塞者,采用肱动脉置管。首先有确血栓部位与范围,用导丝或／与导管开辟血栓性“隧道”,充分抽吸血栓物与变性坏死血液后,采用微量泵注入国产尿激酶50万U加生理盐水50ml／3－4h。结果：腹主动脉广泛血栓1例,股浅动脉和Go动脉各2例,外伤性腋动脉1例,除后者外溶通率达100％,平均溶通时间21．4h。结论：经导管血管内溶栓治疗,疗效可靠,方便快捷,是治疗闭塞性血管疾患的首选方法。     

Bithalamic hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR: vascular causes and evaluation with MR angiography.

PURPOSETo determine whether MR angiography can be used to differentiate between the two vascular causes of bithalamic hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images: "top of the basilar" artery occlusion and deep cerebral vein thrombosis.METHODSA retrospective review identified six patients with bithalamic T2 hyperintensity of vascular causes. MR angiography was performed in four patients, MR angiography and conventional angiography in one patient, and conventional angiography in one patient. Data pertaining to clinical presentation and hospital course were collected. MR angiographic techniques were multislab overlapping three-dimensional time-of-flight, 2-D time-of-flight, and 2-D phase-contrast.RESULTSThree cases of top of the basilar artery occlusion and three cases of deep cerebral vein thrombosis were recognized. In all cases, T2 hyperintensity in a vascular distribution suggested cerebral occlusive disease. Infarction involving the thalami and basal ganglia was present in two cases of deep cerebral vein thrombosis. Infarction of the thalami, mesodiencephalic region, and cerebellar hemispheres was present in two cases of basilar artery occlusion. Bithalamic infarction alone was seen in one case of deep cerebral vein thrombosis and one case of basilar artery occlusion. In the five cases in which MR angiography was used, this technique accurately distinguished the vessels involved (arterial or venous).CONCLUSIONMR angiography is a useful adjunct to MR imaging in the evaluation of bithalamic T2 hyperintensity. It does help distinguish between the two vascular causes: top of basilar artery occlusion and deep cerebral vein thrombosis.     

婴幼儿先天性血管环的MSCT诊断及分析

目的:探讨MSCT对婴幼儿先天性血管环的诊断及分析。方法:回顾性分析本院2012-2018年间60例先天性血管环患儿的MSCT的表现,记录其组成、形态及病变与周围结构的关系。结果:9例双主动脉弓;1例右弓合并左动脉导管未闭或动脉韧带;2例左弓合并右位、中位降主动脉;18例左位主动脉弓伴迷走的右锁骨下动脉;1例无名动脉后位;21例右弓伴迷走左锁骨下动脉;7例肺动脉吊带;1例无名静脉形成静脉环。结论:MSCT能明确血管环的组成及与周围结构的关系,对外科手术有重要意义。     

Post traumatic arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a rare case report

Mesenteric ischemia is an uncommon condition with very high mortality rates characterized by inadequate blood supply, inflammatory injury, and subsequent necrosis of the bowel wall. Acute arterial mesenteric ischemia is usually caused by cardiac emboli, atherosclerotic vascular disease, aortic aneurysm, or dissection. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who presented to the accident and emergency department complaining of abdominal pain following blunt abdominal trauma. An urgent contrast enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrated superior mesenteric artery thrombosis with ischemic small bowel. Surgical intervention was carried out with resection of the necrotic bowel followed by anastomosis. Acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia needs to be considered in cases of blunt trauma presenting with abdominal pain. Proper early diagnosis and management is essential as it carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality.     

Death due to extensive aortic dissection with an unusual retrograde extension in a young adult

Aortic dissection usually manifests in older individuals. It is a rare cause of sudden death in the age group <35 years. Compared to older age groups, this age range is likely to have distinct clinical and pathologic features, uncommon risk factors, and an unusual presentation. This case reports the sudden death of a 34-year-old male due to extensive aortic dissection without any previously known predisposing factors. Autopsy examination showed the presence of aortic dissection with the formation of the false lumen, which extended from the root of the aorta to the whole length of the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta and further up to 27 cm length of the descending aorta. The pathological examination also revealed retrograde involvement of the brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery. The reported AD belonged to Stanford ‘type A’. Such extensive AD with unique retrograde extension is rarely reported in Forensic Pathology literature.     

64层螺旋CT诊断血管性病变急腹症的临床价值分析

目的：探讨血管性病变导致急性腹痛的64层螺旋C T诊断价值。方法分析38例血管源性急腹症平扫及增强CT ,分析CT表现。结果内脏动脉瘤合并出血6例;腹主动脉及右侧髂总动脉瘤合并出血3例;腹主动脉分支夹层7例;肠系膜上动静脉扭转3例;肠系膜上动静脉栓塞及血栓形成14例;肾动脉栓塞5例。结论通过64层螺旋C T平扫及增强扫描,腹部血管性病变能清晰显示其病因、病变范围及其继发改变,达到诊断明确,所以腹痛疑诊为血管性病变时,CTA应作为影像学的首选检查方法。     

Use of glue and microcoils for transarterial catheter embolization of a type 1 endoleak

We present a unique case of abdominal aortic aneurysm initially presenting with inferior vena cava compression leading to deep venous thrombosis, for which the patient subsequently underwent an endovascular aortic repair. Aorto-uni-iliac endografting was performed for subacute occlusion of left common iliac artery complicated by proximal type 1 endoleak. Subsequent management of the endoleak was successful, using a liquid embolic agent (cyanoacrylate) by transarterial approach. Transarterial catheter embolization with glue and coils is a feasible technique for high flow type 1 endoleaks. Glue injection carries the risk of non-target embolization, and thus this option should be reserved for experienced hands.     

Aortic Dissection Presenting with Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Compression of the Pulmonary Artery by Dissecting Hematoma: A Case Report

The rupture of an acute dissection of the ascending aorta into the space surrounding the pulmonary artery is an uncommon occurrence. No previous cases of transient pulmonary hypertension caused by a hematoma surrounding the pulmonary artery have been documented in the literature. Herein, we report a case of acute aortic dissection presenting as secondary pulmonary hypertension.     

腹痛的血管源性病变双源CT分析

目的：通过对血管源性病变导致腹痛的 CT 分析,提高对该类疾病的认识,减少漏诊率。方法回顾性分析69例腹痛血管源性病因的 CT 资料。结果腹痛的血管源性病变中,肠系膜上动脉及静脉闭塞最多见,共30例(43%),而引起闭塞最常见的原因是血栓形成(27%);各种累及腹主动脉的夹层(Ⅰ+Ⅲ型+局限性)15例;腹主动脉和/或髂总动脉多发溃疡9例(13%);B 型壁内血肿6例(8%);单纯肠系膜上动脉夹层5例;其他较少见的有脾动脉血栓闭塞2例,双肾动脉闭塞及单纯脾动脉夹层各1例。所有病例中漏诊7例,主要原因为放射科医生把关注的重点放在腹腔内容易出现腹痛的实性脏器或空腔脏器,而忽略了观察扫描范围内的腹主动脉及其主要分支动脉,缺乏对这一类病变的认识和经验。结论血管源性病因是导致腹痛的一个重要原因,对于临床以腹痛行 CT 检查的患者,在排除常见的肠道及其他腹腔脏器病因后,应想到血管源性病因的可能,并仔细查找腹腔内的动静脉血管以排除可能的病变。     

A case of cardiac tamponade due to an isolated abscess in the ascending aorta of a pregnant woman with a history of intravenous substance abuse

We describe the case of a 23-year-old white female, 10–12 weeks pregnant, with a history of intravenous drug use and a recently diagnosed pneumonia, who was found deceased in her bed after a night of sleep. Although postmortem serum toxicology tested positive for alprazolam, tetrahydrocannabinol, and morphine, the ultimate cause of death was determined to be cardiac tamponade secondary to an isolated abscess in the ascending aorta. The patient had several risk factors for aortic rupture and cardiac tamponade including intravenous drug use, pneumonia, and pregnancy. However, an autopsy of the patient showed an isolated abscess of the ascending aorta without evidence of infective endocarditis, coronary artery rupture, aortic aneurysm, or aortic dissection making this an unusual case of cardiac tamponade. The aim of this case report is to encourage providers to obtain a tissue culture of any aortic abscesses so that the organisms involved can be identified. The identification of such organisms may help guide antimicrobial treatment in similar presentations in the future.     

产前超声诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓

目的 探讨胎儿右位主动脉弓的产前超声诊断方法及声像图特征,提高其产前检出率。方法 回顾性分析我院产前超声诊断的9例右位主动脉弓胎儿的产前超声表现,并对其产前超声特征进行总结分析。结果 9例右位主动脉弓胎儿中5例为单纯性右位主动脉弓,1例为双主动脉弓,1例合并多囊肾,1例合并室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁,1例合并室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁、右心室双出口和永存左上腔静脉。9例右位主动脉弓在三血管-气管切面上表现为主动脉弓位于气管的右侧,在非标准左心室流出道切面上表现为主动脉弓与升主动脉之间的夹角增大。其中6例为右位主动脉弓合并迷走左锁骨下动脉,与左位动脉导管构成包绕气管和食管的＂U＂型血管环,1例双主动脉弓形成包绕气管和食管的＂O＂形血管环,2例为右位主动脉弓合并头臂动脉镜像分支、动脉导管连接于左锁骨下动脉,未形成血管环。9例中4例引产后经尸体解剖证实,5例经产后超声心动图检查证实。结论 胎儿右位主动脉弓具有特征性的产前超声诊断图像,掌握右位主动脉弓的产前超声图像特征,可有效检出胎儿右位主动脉弓,三血管-气管切面和非标准左心室流出道切面是产前筛查和诊断右位主动脉弓的重要切面。     

Stenoses of vascular anastomoses after hepatic transplantation: treatment with balloon angioplasty.

Vascular complications after liver transplantation include occlusion or stenosis at the sites of anastomosis in the hepatic artery, portal vein, and vena cava. From our experience with more than 600 liver transplants, vascular stenoses have been identified in 10 patients and treated by balloon angioplasty in nine. Three patients with hepatic artery stenosis and deteriorating graft function were treated by balloon angioplasty with a coaxial technique. A specially designed catheter facilitated a successful femoral artery approach. Portal vein stenoses in three patients resulted in portal hypertension. These were treated by balloon dilatation via transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein. Stenoses of the suprahepatic caval anastomosis were dilated in three patients with severe lower limb edema. Technical success was achieved in all three cases of hepatic artery stenosis with improvement in graft function. Recurrent stenoses in two patients were successfully treated with repeated dilatations. Portal hypertension resolved in two of three patients after portal venoplasty. Dilatation of a caval stenosis resulted in the resolution of leg edema in all three cases. Repeated dilatation was required in one case. No reduction in the portal venous pressure gradient occurred after venoplasty in one case, and an ultimately fatal caval thrombosis developed in one patient with caval stenosis before venoplasty could be performed. Our experience suggests that balloon angioplasty of arterial and venous stenoses complicating hepatic transplantation carries little risk and is a useful procedure for the treatment of these problems.     

Brachial artery thrombosis secondary to fixation screw pullout: Case report

The vascular supply of the shoulder and forearm are principal derivates of the ipsilateral subclavian artery. The trajectory of this arterial supply predisposes it to concomitant injuries in the shoulder and clavicular fractures proximally and elbow dislocation distally. Distal bicep tendon tears often occur most commonly in middle-aged men due to trauma to the elbow, typically in weight-bearing situations [1]. To our knowledge, this is the first case of distal biceps tendon tear repair resulting in distal brachial artery injury from displaced hardware due to postoperative re-injury. We present a case of a 41-year-old male who developed a vaso-occluding hematoma at the distal biceps secondary to a displaced fixation screw. The patient required emergency vascular surgery with embolectomy and arterial bypass. Although this patient fully recovered, the clinical course the patient experienced could have been minimized with appropriate postoperative care. This report aims to alert clinicians to the relevant local anatomy and relate it to the proposed mechanism of injury, thereby bringing attention to the importance of postoperative limb protection in at-risk patients. The timing of the injury, and the protracted rate of thrombus formation suggest that the brachial artery''s thrombosis was associated with the screw pullout during reinjury of the area. Screw pullout in orthopedics is a rare phenomenon that can lead to significant complications. The risk of reinjury, screw pullout, and other complications such as thrombosis is evidence to support the careful treatment of the area postoperatively.     

肝移植术后血管并发症的介入诊断与治疗(附5例报告)

目的　探讨肝移植术后血管并发症介入诊断与治疗的价值。方法　搜集本院肝移植术后因血管并发症行DSA造影检查或介入治疗的 5例患者的相关资料 ,进行回顾性分析。结果　全部病例操作均顺利。造影发现肝动脉血栓 (HAT) 1例、肝动脉狭窄 (HAS) 2例、门静脉狭窄并血栓形成 3例、肝静脉狭窄 1例、下腔静脉狭窄 1例、上腹腔炎症性改变 1例 ,发生肝固有动脉痉挛 1例。其中 ,HAT、门静脉狭窄并血栓形成、肝静脉狭窄各 1例行介入治疗后 2例效果明显。结论　介入技术对于肝移植术后血管并发症的诊治具有较大价值     

急性肠系膜缺血的DSA诊断和经皮血管内治疗的临床价值探讨

目的:探讨急性肠系膜缺血的DSA诊断价值和经皮血管内治疗的临床应用价值。方法:12例临床疑诊患者,均经皮行右侧股动脉穿刺、插管,依次进行升主动脉、腹主动脉、腹腔干和肠系膜上、下动脉造影。其中8被诊断为急性肠系膜缺血,急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞4例;急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成3例,非闭塞性肠系膜缺血1例。对4例肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者经导管注入溶栓剂(尿激霉)和血管扩张剂(罂粟碱)治疗,2例治疗后血管开通;另2例因症状缓解不明显行外科手术治疗;3例病程较长者造影后直接转外科进行手术治疗。结果:DSA诊断急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞4例。造影表现为肠系膜上动脉主干远端(中结肠动脉起始部)或分支的突然截断(截断征)或管腔内局限性充盈缺损(不完全栓塞)。急性肠系膜上动脉血栓3例,造影表现为肠系膜上动脉起始部的狭窄。1例造影表现为肠系膜上动脉分支弥漫性痉挛(腊肠征)诊断为非闭塞性肠系膜动脉缺血,手术证实为急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成。手术后1周因再次肠坏死而死亡。1例广泛血栓形成患者于造影后6h死亡。另2例肠系膜上动脉血栓患者手术后2周死亡。结论:DSA是诊断各型急性肠系膜缺血的有效手段,可以明确病变的部位和范围,为手术治疗提供定位信息。对急性肠系膜静脉血栓的诊断有一定的局限性。经导管溶栓术是治疗肠系膜动脉栓塞的有效手段。亦可作为外科手术前的辅助治疗手段,减少死亡率。     

Síndrome PHACES (Pascual Castroviejo tipo II): resonancia magnética pre y posnatal

The neurocutaneous syndrome known by the acronym PHACE consists of the association of a segmental facial hemangioma with, among other entities, posterior fossa anomalies, cerebrovascular anomalies, cardiac involvement/aortic coarctation, and eye abnormalities. When ventral developmental defects are also present, the syndrome is referred to as PHACES. We report the prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in a case of PHACES with involvement of the right posteroinferior cerebellar artery. This case is exceptional because, to our knowledge, it is the first to report the findings at both prenatal and postnatal MRI and because of the unique vascular anomaly that widens the spectrum of possible intracranial arterial anomalies in this syndrome.     

IgG4 aortitis of the ascending thoracic aorta: A case report and literature review

IgG4 aortitis is a recently recognized entity that can have clinical and imaging features that mimic acute aortic syndrome. Therefore, it is imperative for radiologists to be aware of how to potentially differentiate the two. Although this entity has been previously described via case reports and meta-analysis in the context of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm, very few cases of ascending aortic involvement have been reported. In this case report, we present a case of a 60-year-old female transferred from another facility for an initial diagnosis of intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta and later found to have IgG4 aortitis post aortic root repair. This is a histologically confirmed case of multi-segmented IgG4 aortitis with rare involvement of both ascending and infra-renal aorta. We will briefly discuss the pathophysiology of IgG4 aortitis, along with review of literature.     

Duplex sonography of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation

When hepatic artery thrombosis occurs after liver transplantation, another transplantation is required to ensure the patient's survival. Because of the importance of establishing this diagnosis, we reviewed the results of duplex sonography in 37 angiographically or surgically proved cases of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. There were 20 children and 17 adults. Ten of the 20 children had angiographically documented hepatopetal arterial collaterals. Such collaterals were not seen in the adult patients. This subset of patients was evaluated separately to determine if intrahepatic arterial blood flow reestablished by collaterals after hepatic artery thrombosis was a cause of false-negative Doppler studies. Thirty-four (92%) of the 37 cases of hepatic artery thrombosis were correctly identified by Doppler. A Doppler pulse was not identified in any of the children with arterial collaterals. We conclude that duplex sonography is sensitive in detecting hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. Furthermore, the presence of blood flow in hepatopetal arterial collaterals does not cause false-negative examinations.     

Spinal cord vascularity. I. Extraspinal sources of spinal cord arteries in man.

The arrangement of extraspinal sources of the spinal cord arterial supply in man is more complicated than previously described, especially with regard to the origin and branching of the aortic segmental arteries. The fact that other arteries in the neck than the vertebral artery, such as the costo-cervical trunk and the ascending cervical artery may contribute to the supply of the cervical cord is confirmed, and also the occurrence of two or more spinal branches from different sources entering the same intervertebral foramen. Frequent occurrence of two or more segmental arteries arising from a common stem and variations in the branching of the subcostal arteries were found; their functional significance on the spinal cord circulation is not known. The fact that no significant anterior root artery was ever seen at the level of the vascular anomaly suggests that the anomaly is of no clinical importance. Nevertheless, obstruction of a common stem entail the risk of spinal cord infarction due to involvement of an important posterior root artery. On the other hand, the spinal cord seems to be fairly well protected against ischaemic injury following limited interference with the extraspinal arteries due to a profuse supply of intra- and extraspinal collaterals.     

先天性主动脉弓畸形的MRI诊断

目的：评价MRI在主动脉弓畸形诊断中的作用。资料与方法：回顾分析228例心脏MR检查中61例先天性主动脉弓畸形的MRI表现，37例尚有心血管造影（CAG），44例经手术证实，结果：61例先天性主动脉畸形中，主动脉缩窄（COA）25例，右位主动脉弓24例，主动脉弓离断（IAA）5例，单纯动脉导管未闭（PDA）4例，迷走右锁骨下动脉（伴COA）2例，孤立性左有下动脉（伴右位主动脉弓）1例，永存第5对主动脉弓（伴IAA）1例，主动脉扭曲畸形（Kink A)2例，升主动脉扭曲1例，结论：比较MRI与CAG，MRI在对先天性主动脉畸形的诊断方面已达到CAG水平。