骶韧带耻骨阴道肌筋膜交叉缝合术联合骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗盆腔器官脱垂

目的探讨骶韧带耻骨阴道肌筋膜交叉缝合术联合骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗中、重度盆腔器官脱垂的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院应用骶韧带耻骨阴道肌筋膜交叉缝合术联合骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗32例中、重度盆腔器官脱垂患者的临床资料。结果 32例盆腔器官脱垂患者均以中盆腔、前盆腔缺陷为主,子宫脱垂程度均为Ⅲ度以上,都合并不同程度的阴道前后壁脱垂。行经阴道全子宫切除术+阴道前后壁修补术+骶棘韧带悬吊术+骶韧带耻骨阴道肌筋膜交叉缝合术(有压力性尿失禁患者加行尿道后韧带折叠术)。手术时间60~120 min,失血量100~300 m L,无严重并发症发生。32例术后无1例复发。结论骶韧带耻骨阴道肌筋膜交叉缝合术可显著减少骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗盆腔器官脱垂术后前盆腔缺陷复发概率,可显著加固前盆腔,且简单、安全、有效,值得在临床推广运用。     

盆底补片用于骶棘韧带固定术的临床疗效

目的探讨盆底补片用于骶棘韧带固定术(SSLF)对盆底支持结构的有效性和安全性。方法选取64例中盆腔缺陷患者,采用双盲法随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(33例)。观察组采用“Y”形补片实施SSLF,对照组采用传统SSLF。比较2组患者围术期相关指标、并发症、手术前后阴道轴向变化、POP-Q分期以及Aa、Ap、Ba、Bp、C指示点位置变化。采用盆底障碍影响简易问卷7(PFIQ-7)、盆底功能障碍问卷简短版20(PFDI-20)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)及POP-Q分期评价疗效。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。观察组手术时间、术中出血量均短/少于对照组(P<0.05),2组患者并发症、肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6、12个月POP-Q分期以及Aa、Ba、Ap、Bp、C指示点位置组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组阴道轴向右侧偏离角度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者PFIQ-7和PFDI-20评分较术前均下降(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SSLF采用补片重建阴道顶端的盆底支持结构,可克服坐骨棘深藏、术野狭窄、操作困难等问题,且具有快捷、微创、治愈率高的特点,对于全身状况欠佳的中盆腔缺陷患者安全、有效。     

骶棘韧带阴道固定术的临床解剖学

在26侧成人女性盆腔正中矢状剖面标本上,观察测量了骶棘韧带的长度与附着部宽径、骶棘韧带的周围邻接关系,对以骶棘韧带作为悬吊物施行阴道固定术缝合安全区作了解剖学研究,并讨论了临床应用要点.     

Anatomical study of the pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament

The pudendal nerve (S3-S5) is a major branch of the sacral plexus. After branching from the sacral plexus, the pudendal nerve travels through three main regions: the gluteal region, the pudendal canal, and the perineum. In the gluteal region, the pudendal nerve lies posterior to the sacrospinous ligament. The relationship of the pudendal nerve to the sacrospinous ligament has important clinical ramifications, but there is a lack of literature examining the variations in pudendal nerve anatomy in the gluteal region. This study investigates the pudendal nerve trunking in relation to the sacrospinous ligament in 37 cadavers (73 sides of pelves) of 21 males and 16 females, ranging from 18-83 years of age. Pudendal nerve trunking could be grouped into five types: Type I is defined as one-trunked (41/73; 56.2%), Type II is two-trunked (8/73; 11%), Type III is two-trunked with one trunk as an inferior rectal nerve piercing through the sacrospinous ligament (8/73; 11%), Type IV is two-trunked with one as an inferior rectal nerve not piercing through the sacrospinous ligament (7/73; 9.5%), and Type V is three-trunked (9/73; 12.3%). In summary, 56.2% of pudendal nerves adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament were one-trunked, 31.5% were two-trunked and 12.3% were three-trunked. Fifteen inferior rectal nerves originated independently from the S4 root and never joined the main pudendal nerve. Eight of fifteen inferior rectal nerves pierced through the sacrospinous ligament, perhaps making it prone for entrapment. We measured the average diameter of the main trunk of the pudendal nerve to be 4.67 +/- 1.17 mm. We also measured the average length of the pudendal nerve trunks before terminal branching to be 25.14 +/- 10.29 mm. There was no significant statistical difference in the average length, average diameter, number of trunks, and pudendal nerve variations between male and female or right or left sides of the pelves. A detailed study of pudendal nerve trunking in relationship to the sacrospinous ligament would be useful for instruction in basic anatomy courses and in relevant clinical settings as well.     

A comparison of different pelvic reconstruction surgeries using mesh for pelvic organ prolapse patients

This study was carried out in order to compare the effects in different surgeries using mesh in pelvic organ prolapse patients whose leading points were C. Thirty-nine patients were categorized into 3 groups: group A pelvic reconstruction with hysterectomy; group B hysterectomy prior to pelvic reconstruction; and group C pelvic reconstruction with uterus preserved. At first visit, POP-Q stage was determined, and age, BMI, admission days, operation time, post-operative stage and complications were observed and results were analyzed and compared. All patients who were operated upon converted to stage one month following the operation, and no further change was observed except in one patient. Group admission days were not significantly different, but tended to be lower in group C. Group average operation times between 'group A and B' and 'group A and C' were statistically different. No significant difference was observed in post-operative complications between the groups, but 3 members of group A developed erosion, whereas no erosion occurred in groups B and C. Pelvic reconstruction using mesh is a highly efficient method of treating pelvic organ prolapse. Improvements in stage and post-operative complications were not significantly different in the groups. However, uteropexy showed a shorter operation time, fewer admission days, and less erosion due to mesh than conventional pelvic reconstruction with hysterectomy.     

重建前交叉韧带中Endo-Button和可吸收界面螺钉固定的对比

背景：应用腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带过程中仍有许多的争议及未知因素需进一步探讨和研究。 目的：比较分析腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带过程中股骨端分别使用Endo-Button系统和可吸收界面螺钉两种不同固定方式的疗效。 方法：选择45例在关节镜下使用4股自体腘绳肌腱进行前交叉韧带重建患者,实验组25例股骨端使用Endo-Button钢板固定,对照组20例使用可吸收界面螺钉固定。重建后用相同的方法进行康复锻炼。 结果与结论：经过6-21个月的随访,患者膝关节屈伸活动度均达正常范围。Lachman试验中实验组Ⅰ度阳性2例,对照组Ⅰ度阳性3例;轴移试验均阴性。两组重建后膝关节Lysholm评分均较治疗前明显改善,两组间差异无显著性意义。两组随访早期均有较高的骨道扩大发生率,但组间差异无显著性意义;对照组骨道增宽程度强于实验组(P < 0.05)。说明两组早期总体临床效果相近。     

关节镜下Fiber Tape环形内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

文题释义： 前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折：为前交叉韧带胫骨髁间嵴在遭受剧烈运动或暴力作用下发生的撕脱骨折,属关节内损伤。由1875年Poncet首次描述,早期常见于儿童的儿童型前交叉韧带撕裂,近年来发病率有所增高。骨折移位较大时造成的愈合畸形或不愈合容易导致前交叉韧带松弛甚至丧失功能,最终导致膝关节功能障碍或不稳。 Fiber Tape：型号AR-7237-7,由Arthrex公司提供。为不可吸收、宽2 mm扁平超高分子量聚乙烯与聚酯编织的缝合线,中部为扁平带状,逐渐过渡到两端的圆柱状结构,具有一定柔软性及相当的韧性,常被应用到肩袖修复或肩锁关节重建。具有良好的手感和打结能力,滑结前进顺利,简化了关节镜打结程序。多个独立的科学研究证明其在断裂强度、刚度、结强度和结滑移方面更具优势,但延伸率要低得多。广泛的生物相容性、动物和临床试验结果证明其具有与标准聚酯缝合线相当的生物相容性特征。 背景：前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折需尽早行手术复位内固定,目前临床治疗方案中常用切开复位(可吸收螺钉、空心钉、钢丝、钛缆等)内固定,创伤较大,术后并发症多。而关节镜下行前交叉韧带下止点骨折复位弹性(缝线)内固定具有微创、术野清晰、固定准确性高、并发症少、骨折复位愈合好、符合生物力学要求、关节功能康复快等优点,但也有强度不够、骨块切割等缺点。 目的：比较关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定与开放内固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折的疗效。 方法：收集2017年1月至2018年12月上海中冶医院骨科收治的32例前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折患者,所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。根据手术方法分成2组,微创组17例采用关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定治疗;开放组15 例采用开放手术骨折复位(空心拉力螺钉、钛缆、钢丝等)内固定治疗。记录所有患者手术时间、出血量、术后并发症情况;于术前及术后第1,6个月记录膝关节活动范围、Lysholm评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分,摄X射线片评价骨折复位愈合情况。 结果与结论：①所有患者获得随访,时间6-13个月;②2组患者年龄组成、骨折类型、受伤原因、术前评分差异无显著性意义;③术后X射线片复查骨折均得到满意复位,术后未出现神经、血管损伤、骨折移位情况,术后6个月骨折均愈合良好;④2组手术时间、术后并发症发生率差异无显著性意义,2组术中出血量差异有显著性意义(P=0.036);⑤膝关节活动度：2组患者术后1个月膝关节活动度显著大于术前(P < 0.05),术后6个月膝关节活动度显著大于术后1个月(P < 0.05);术后1,6个月微创组膝关节活动度显著大于开放组(P < 0.05);⑥Lysholm膝关节功能评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分：2组患者术后1个月Lysholm 膝关节功能评分及国际膝关节评分委员会评分均显著高于术前(P < 0.05),术后6个月评分均显著高于术后1个月(P < 0.05);术后1,6个月微创组评分均显著高于开放组(P < 0.05);⑦提示2组患者经过手术干预膝关节屈伸活动大部分恢复,且随时间延长恢复程度越高。与开放内固定(空心拉力螺钉、钛缆、钢丝等)相比,关节镜下Fiber Tape环形固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折的出血更少,创伤更小,关节功能恢复时间更短,恢复程度更高。 ORCID: 0000-0003-1711-8964(李广峰) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

跟腱移植物与不同大小骨隧道匹配重建前交叉韧带

背景：前交叉韧带是维持膝关节稳定性的重要解剖结构,前交叉韧带重建后的腱骨愈合质量与临床功能康复一直备受关注。 目的：探讨在前交叉韧带重建术中采用相同直径的移植物与不同大小骨隧道相匹配,用组织学方法观察移植物肌腱与周围骨壁的愈合情况,同时用生物力学的方法检测其功能恢复情况。 方法：取犬自体中1/3跟腱作为前交叉韧带移植物,修整为相同直径4 mm。16只成年雄性杂交犬随机数字表法平均分配到4个组,完整切除前交叉韧带,于股骨和胫骨止点处分别制备胫骨、股骨隧道,直径分别为5,4.5,4,3.5 mm,并移植入待用跟腱链接于骨隧道内。重建后6周时,按常规麻醉处死实验犬,收集手术区域组织与器官,作解剖、苏木精-伊红染色组织学观察、生物力学检测及进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后6周,解剖观察移植物与骨隧道生长未见各组明显差异;苏木精-伊红染色发现腱骨愈合界面出现sharpey样纤维连接,3.5 mm骨隧道组胶原纤维较其他组致密有序;同时3.5 mm移植物生物力学检测结果优于同期各组。结果提示,在前交叉韧带重建中,减小与移植物匹配的骨隧道直径,使其肌腱与骨隧道之间紧密压配,能提供更加稳定的细胞生物学和力学环境,加快腱骨愈合界面的形成和改造,提高腱骨愈合质量。     

A new femoral fixation device for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the outside-in technique and hamstring tendon graft: A comparison between two devices in cadaveric human knee models

Background

A new device (T-anchor) was developed for ACL reconstruction and is implanted via the outside-in technique using hamstring grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare the T-anchor with the EndoButton Direct.