对比多层螺旋CT三维重建成像与DR平片在胸腹闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的 对比多层螺旋CT三维重建成像与DR胸片在胸腹闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值.方法 筛选2014年1月～12月我院收治的胸腹闭合性损伤患者58例,作为研究对象.对所有患者进行常规DR平片检查与多层螺旋CT检查,螺旋CT扫描影像结果采取三维重建技术进行图像后处理,对比两种检查方案在胸腹闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值.结果 根据影像结果进行诊断,结果显示CT组确诊率明显高于DR组,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义,并且CT组与临床证实结果比较无显著差异(P＞0.05);而CT组对胸腹闭合性损伤累及器官损伤的判断准确率明显高于DR组,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义.结论 采用多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术可直观、准确的描述患者胸部、腹部损伤情况,可显著提高胸腹闭合性损伤的临床确诊率及病情评价准确性,对治疗方案及治疗时机的选择具有重要的指导意义.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对诊断颈椎骨折的临床价值

目的研究颈椎骨折患者采用多层螺旋CT三维重建技术诊断的临床价值。方法 56例颈椎骨折患者为研究对象,均行X线和多层螺旋CT检查,观察两种检查方式对颈椎骨折的诊断情况。结果多层螺旋CT诊断颈椎骨折诊断率高达96.43%,明显高于X线诊断的57.14%(P0.05)。检查包括椎体、棘突、椎弓根及椎板,多层螺旋CT诊断率分别为100%、92.86%、91.18%以及96.00%,明显高于X线的60.71%、46.43%、47.06%以及42.00%,均P0.05。结论多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对颈椎骨折诊断率较高,相对于X线具有明显优势,值得临床应用和推广。     

螺旋CT与腹部X线平片对急性肠梗阻的早期诊断效能比较

目的 比较螺旋CT与腹部X线平片对急性肠梗阻早期诊断效能。方法 回顾分析2017年6月~2019年6月在我院诊治的104例急性肠梗阻患者临床资料,患者均行腹部X线平片及螺旋CT检查,比较两种检查方法敏感度、特异度以及诊断准确性。 结果 螺旋CT诊断急性肠梗阻敏感度86.53%、特异度80.00%,高于腹部X线平片的67.30%、65.71%（P＜0.05）;螺旋CT诊断小肠梗阻、结肠梗阻、机械性肠梗阻、绞榨性肠梗阻的准确率均高于腹部X线平片（P＜0.05）。结论 螺旋CT对急性肠梗阻的早期诊断准确率高,并且可以更加准确定位肠梗阻位置、原因,为临床的有效治疗提供可靠的参考依据,具有重要临床应用的价值。     

多层螺旋CT在急诊胸腹部创伤中的评价

目的 探讨急诊CT扫描在胸腹部闭合性创伤中的应用价值.方法 收集我晓2012年9月～2013年8月经多层螺旋CT检查及手术证实急性胸腹部闭合性外伤99例行急诊CT检查的影像资料,进行回顾性分析,所有病例均只行CT平扫.结果 胸部闭合性创伤的急诊CT扫描主要表现为肋骨骨折、肺挫伤、液气胸、椎体骨折,腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT扫描主要表现为混杂高低密度影像,多伴腹腔出血本组99例胸腹部闭合性创伤中,肋骨骨折43例,肺挫伤或撕裂伤55例,液气胸42例,颈椎骨折2例,胸椎骨折6例,腰椎骨折11例,骨盆环骨折7例,肝脏损伤12例、脾37例、肾13例,输尿管破裂1例,肠系膜与肠管损伤4例,膀胱破裂3例,复合性实质性脏器损伤9例.其中45例伴腹腔出血.结论 急症CT扫描对诊断胸腹部闭合性创伤具有很大的价值,能明确肺部的情况,腹部脏器损伤的部位、程度及复合性脏器损伤,肋骨骨折及椎体骨折等信息.随着现代医学影像学的快速发展,多层螺旋CT(MSCT)由于具有优秀的密度分辨率并可以进行快速的大范围扫描,容积扫描的CT图像进行多平面的重建具有良好空间分辨能力.     

螺旋CT三维重建与X线在髋关节骨折诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建与X线在髋关节骨折诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法髋关节骨折患者98例,均接受X线平片与螺旋CT三维重建检查,分析比较检测结果,并进行检出率比较。结果 X线对髋关节骨折检出率为95.65%,显著低于螺旋CT三维重建髋关节骨折检出率100.0%,P0.05; X线检出股骨头及胫骨骨折漏诊4例,粗隆间骨折漏诊2例,髋臼骨折漏诊2例,漏诊率为4.35%。结论在髋关节骨折诊断中采用螺旋CT三维重建可充分检出各骨折类型,避免出现漏诊,且提供清晰详细且全面的骨折损伤细节,为治疗提供可靠的依据,值得推广应用。     

64层CT后处理技术在关节骨折诊断中的价值

背景:多层螺旋CT结合图像后处理技术对骨折诊断的价值已得到肯定,其中安装有图像后处理软件,可用于各种骨关节外伤的诊断。目的:评价64层螺旋CT后处理技术在关节骨折中的应用价值。方法:对36例骨关节损伤患者全部进行X射线平片及多层螺旋CT扫描,并进行多平面重建及容积重建,分析平片、轴位、多平面重建及容积重建对骨折或脱位的显示情况。结果与结论:所有受试者中,X射线平片有明确骨折仅20例,容积重建图像可以立体显示骨折线的形态和走行,但容积重建图像对骨皮质轻微分离显示不佳、对关节腔内及椎管内游离骨折片显示困难。多平面重建可以准确显示骨折线以及骨折片的移位。3种方式对关节骨折诊断的阳性率比较有显著性差异。提示,64层螺旋CT后处理技术可以直观、立体、清晰、多角度地显示关节骨折;具有较高的临床应用价值。     

胸锁关节损伤的影像诊断

目的 探讨X线、螺旋CT横断及多平面图像重建(MPR)在胸锁关节损伤中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析经X线、螺旋CT横断及多平面图像重建(MPR)证实的胸锁关节损伤25例.结果 胸锁关节损伤用平片诊断局限性很大,漏诊率高.螺旋CT横断及多平面图像重建(MPR)大大改善了胸锁关节损伤、脱位及锁骨胸骨端骨折的显示情况.结论 螺旋CT横断及多平面图像重建(MPR)可提高对胸锁关节损伤的诊断价值.     

双排螺旋 CT 联合 X 线平片检查诊断在 腰椎间盘突出症诊断中的应用价值

目的 分析双排螺旋 CT 联合 X 线平片用于腰椎间盘突出症的诊断效果和应用价值。方法 收集 40 例腰椎间盘突出症手术患者,行双排螺旋 CT、X 线平片检查,分析两种检查方法的影像学特征,并以手术病理结果为标准,比较单一检查、联合检查的符合率。结果 以手术结果为标准,腰椎间盘突出单一 X 线平片检查符合率为 47.5%;单一双排螺旋 CT检查符合率为 90%;X 线平片联合 CT 检查符合率为 100%。联合检查与单一 X 线平片检查、单一 CT 检查比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。双排螺旋 CT 腰椎间盘突出症诊断分型符合率为 95%,与手术病理结果比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。X 线平片提示,腰椎间隙宽度和长度明显异常,腰椎生理弯曲,呈弓状、后翘状态。CT 检查提示,椎体边缘可见椎间盘突出,密度稍低于椎间盘,小关节突增生,结节不规则,侧隐窝狭窄,突出块较大时,可见软组织密度影,硬膜囊、神经根表现为变形、移位,甚至消失。结论 X 线平片、CT 检查在腰椎间盘突出症诊断中各具优势,但若单一检查,容易发生误诊、漏诊等不良事件,两者联合诊断,可有效提高诊断符合率,为临床治疗提供可靠的影像学依据,具有重要的研究价值。     

探讨不同影像方法在胸廓骨、肋骨骨折中的应用价值

目的探讨螺旋CT容积重建扫描法及X线在胸廓骨、肋骨骨折诊断中应用价值。方法回顾分析高度疑似胸廓骨、肋骨骨折患者共80人的资料,所有患者均作CT轴位扫描、螺旋CT容积重建扫描和常规X线片二种检查,分析检查特点与效果。结果 (1)常规X线片检查诊断灵敏度和特异度(61.5%,66.7%)明显低于螺旋CT容积重建扫描检查的灵敏度和特异度(98.5%,85.7%),两者比较,差异显著,P0.05;(2)螺旋CT容积重建扫描检查可获得患者胸廓骨折的三维图形,清晰展现患者骨折走向、骨折部位密度、透明度,胸廓组织轮廓清晰,X线片呈现胸廓组织前后重叠,清晰度低。结论螺旋CT容积重建扫描法在诊断胸廓骨、肋骨骨折患者时具有扫描范围广、成像立体清晰、检查灵敏度和特异度高的特点,值得进一步推广使用。     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术在胫骨平台骨折中的临床应用分析

目的 研究多层螺旋CT后处理技术在复杂型胫骨平台诊疗中的临床应用价值.方法 收集2010年10月～2011年4月胫骨平台骨折21例,行X线平片及64层螺旋CT扫描多平面重组(MPR)、表面遮盖法(SSD)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VRT)后处理并进行分型及制定治疗方案.结果 结合手术结果,X线平片正确分型为18例,64层螺旋CT结合后处理技术21例分型均正确.结论 应用多层螺旋CT后处理技术,能在术前对胫骨平台骨折进行分型并制定手术治疗方案,具有重要价值.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...