农村儿童口腔颌面创伤926例临床分析

目的：探讨农村儿童口腔颌面创伤的发病特点。方法：对926名农村儿童口腔颌面创伤患者的性别、年龄、致伤原因以及创伤的类型、部位、时间进行临床分析。结果：男性患者与女性患者的比例为1．48：1；4岁以下年龄组患者人数所占比例明显高于4岁以上年龄组；摔伤在所有致伤原因中的比例达67．82％；软组织创伤和和牙外伤在所有创伤类型中的比例分别达到61．45％和30．65％；816个软组织创伤部位中唇颏部和颊面部分别达到30．39％和22．79％；夏季创伤的发病比例高于其他季节。结论：农村儿童口腔颌面创伤的发生与性别、年龄、季节有一定关系，摔伤是主要的致伤原因；软组织创伤和牙外伤较为常见；创伤多见于唇、颏和颊部。     

无托槽隐形矫治器拔牙治疗骨性Ⅱ类双牙弓前突成人患者一例

患者,女,35岁,汉族.主诉:"嘴突、牙不齐".无正畸治疗史、拔牙史及外伤史.否认系统性疾病、家族史和不良习惯,全身状况良好. 一、临床检查 1.颌面检查:正面观左右基本对称,上牙列中线与面中线一致,微笑时无露龈.侧面观软组织侧貌前突,下颌后缩,颏部发育一般,颏唇沟较深(图1).     

伴与不伴糖尿病的口腔颌面部多间隙感染的临床诊治研究

目的对比分析伴糖尿病及不伴糖尿病的口腔颌面多间隙感染患者的临床特征及治疗结果。方法对2014年1月至2017年10月收治的104例口腔颌面部多间隙感染患者进行回顾性分析,按是否伴糖尿病,划分为伴糖尿病组(n=38)、无糖尿病组(n=66)。对比两组临床特征及治疗结果。结果与无糖尿病组对比,伴糖尿病组年龄更高,受累间隙数量更多,入院时血糖水平、中性粒细胞计数更高,肺炎克雷伯菌检出率更高,切开引流切口数量更多,住院时间更长,并发症发生率更高,上述差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病因均以牙源性感染为主,累及间隙无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论伴糖尿病的口腔颌面部多间隙感染患者病情更严重,表现为感染间隙更多,并发症更多,切开引流的切口更多,住院时间更长。     

口腔颌面外科手术后感染的病原菌分布及感染因素分析

目的:探讨口腔颌面外科手术后感染的病原菌分布特点及感染的相关影响因素,为临床防治提供依据。方法:对口腔颌面外科手术后发生感染的113例病历进行回顾性调查,分别从细菌培养、患者一般情况、基础疾病、手术时间、用药情况用等方面进行统计,应用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果:共分离出116株病原菌,金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌检出率较高,分别占29.3%(34株)、23.3%(27株)。34株金黄色葡萄球菌中检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)15株,检出率为44.1%。术后感染与患者的基础疾病、围手术期用药、麻醉方式、患者年龄、手术时间、术后用药时间等因素密切相关。结论:必须进一步采取有效的防治措施,减少口腔颌面外科手术后感染的发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下25例口腔颌面外科急诊患者临床分析

目的:总结分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）流行期间,第四军医大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的急诊患者情况、收治流程、手术方法与感染防控措施,为制订COVID-19流行期间的口腔颌面外科急诊治疗规范提供参考。方法:收集2020年1月23日—2月20日第四军医大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的所有急诊病例,对患者情况进行统计分析,包括患者性别与年龄、疾病种类、致病原因、手术时间等,并探讨流行病学特点和意义,疫情期间口腔颌面外科急诊处置流程与手术要点。结果:疫情期间,口腔颌面外科共收治25例急诊患者,其中男10例,女15例;≥18岁13例,<18岁12例;颌面部挫裂伤11例,下颌骨骨折10例,间隙感染4例。24例患者行手术治疗,5例在病房治疗室局麻下行清创缝合术,医护人员按二级防护级别操作;其余19例均在负压手术室内完成手术,医护人员按三级防护操作。所有患者均成功治疗,诊疗期间未发生COVID-19感染。结论:COVID-19疫情期间,口腔颌面外科急诊以外伤为主,意外摔伤是主要致伤因素,儿童和女性急诊患者比例较大;交通事故是造成颌骨骨折的主要原因。收治口腔颌面急诊患者时,应注重采取防护措施。在仔细评估伤情、遵守治疗原则的基础上,可简化手术操作,缩短手术时间。口腔颌面外科医师应与感控专家和医院管理层建立顺畅的联系,尽可能降低COVID-19感染风险。     

老年口腔颌面颈部多间隙感染的诊治分析

目的:探讨老年患者口腔颌面颈部多间隙感染的特点及治疗方法.方法:对116例老年患者口腔颌面颈部多间隙感染的临床表现、感染部位、病因学、细菌学、系统性疾病及并发症进行分析,并进行以早期充分切开引流为主的综合治疗,评价治疗效果.结果:最常累及的间隙为颌下、颏下、舌下、翼颌、咬肌及咽旁间隙.最常见的病因为牙源性感染.革兰氏阳...     

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目的探讨儿童口腔颌面部创伤的特点,指导治疗及预防。方法回顾性分析辽宁医学院第一附属医院口腔科2002—2007年的急诊各类儿童口腔颌面部损伤306例,从患者性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、治疗方法等方面进行分析研究,并结合0～15岁少年儿童生理心理特点对比加以分析,寻找规律。结果儿童口腔颌面损伤男女比例为1.5:1,好发于1～6岁,14岁以后有上升趋势。病因以玩耍跌倒损伤居第1位(67.65%),其次为自行车意外伤(20.59%)。口腔颌面部损伤部位以颏部(35.96%)、唇部(23.97%)及牙体(81.00%)好发。损伤类型以软组织伤为主,复合伤少见,下颌骨骨折是最常见的骨折(12.00%)。骨折治疗以闭合外固定等保守方式为主。结论儿童口腔颌面损伤与各年龄阶段儿童的生理心理特点有关,治疗应遵循颌面外科清创缝合的原则并结合儿童生理发育的特点,加强教育及其监护。     

糖尿病患者口腔颌面部多间隙感染的临床特征分析

目的:通过与非糖尿病患者的比较,分析口腔颌面部多间隙感染的糖尿病患者的临床特征.方法:对上海第九人民医院口腔颌面外科收治的191例诊断为口腔颌面部多间隙感染的病例进行回顾分析.根据有无罹患糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组.研究内容包括一般资料、病因学、临床指标(症状发作到入院治疗的时间、受累间隙的数量和分布)、实验室检查(细菌学、入院血糖水平、入院血白细胞总数和中性粒细胞百分比)和治疗结果(切口数量、住院天数和并发症).采用SAS8.0软件包对数据进行t检验、x2检验和方差分析.结果:2组患者中,牙源性感染是最常见的病因,最容易受累的间隙是下颌下间隙.糖尿病组分离出的最常见的细菌是肺炎克雷伯菌,而非糖尿病组是链球菌.与非糖尿病相比,口腔颌面部多间隙感染的糖尿病患者受累的间隙更多,切开引流的切口数量更多,住院时间更长,全身各种并发症更多见,严重者可导致死亡.结论:通过与非糖尿病患者比较,本研究揭示了口腔颌面部多间隙感染中的糖尿病患者的临床特征,为临床上治疗糖尿病口腔颌面部多间隙感染提供了重要的参考依据.     

儿童口腔颌面部损伤487例临床分析

对487例儿童口腔颌面部损伤的致伤原因、部位、类型以及年龄和性别进行临床分析。男性与女性的比例为1．55：1,5岁以下年龄组患儿所占比例明显高于5岁以上年龄组。跌伤在致伤原因中占70．23％,软组织伤及牙外伤在损伤中分别占64．89％和1129．98％,在软组织损伤中以唇颏部较多,占56．47％。     

经颏下口腔气管内插管法在严重面中外伤骨折手术的气道处理

为了解决严重面中部、下颌骨多发骨折麻醉手术的顺利进行 ,应用经颏下口腔气管插管法顺利完成手术治疗。一、临床资料病例 1,男 ,41岁 ,因骑摩托车不慎摔倒 ,面部先着地 ,造成多发性面部损伤住院。入院后经Ｘ线、ＣＴ检查诊断为 :①下颌骨多处骨折 ,双侧髁状突颈骨折 ,左右下颌角骨折。②ＬｅＦｏｒｔⅡ型骨折并有ＬｅＦｏｒｔⅢ型成分 ,入院第六天接受颌面外科手术治疗。病例 2 ,男 ,30岁 ,发动手扶拖拉机时被摇把击伤面部 ,Ｘ线、ＣＴ检查诊断为 :①左侧下颌骨颏孔区骨折。②ＬｅＦｏｒｔⅠ型骨折 ,3┼ 3缺失 ,鼻骨骨折 ,入院后五天行手术…     

口腔颌面部间隙感染疗效的影响因素分析

目的：探讨口腔颌面部间隙感染疗效的影响因素。方法：选取2009年7月～2015年7月110例口腔颌面部间隙感染病例为研究对象,运用抗生素等规范治疗,观察口腔颌面部间隙感染疗效的影响因素。结果：口腔颌面部间隙感染疗效的影响因素也是独立危险因素有病因、合并症、白细胞计数（≥20×109／L）、住院天数（≥14 d）、累及间隙数量（＞2个）、细菌培养、联合应用抗生素等（P＜0．05）;与患者性别、年龄、民族无关（P＞0．05）。结论：影响口腔颌面部间隙感染疗效的因素与疾病本身和医护无菌操作等有紧密关系。     

颌面部爆炸伤软组织缺损早期修复的实验研究

目的：研究颌面部爆炸伤软组织缺损早期修复的可行性。方法：15只犬随机分为A（6h)组，B（72h）组。采用雷管爆炸模拟爆炸性武器产生的冲击波，滑膛枪发射钢珠模拟爆炸破片，在同步系统控制下致犬左咬肌区破－冲复合伤软组织缺损。A组伤后6h初次清创后组织缺损立即用组织瓣游离移植修复，B线伤后72h二次清创后同样方法修复，观察术后皮瓣成活情况。结果：A组3次均失败。B组12例，成功9例，皮瓣成活率75％。结论：颌面部爆炸伤软组织缺损经初期清创，72h二次扩创早期修复是可行的，吻合血管游游组织瓣移植是早期修复该种缺损的有效方法之一。     

影响糖尿病患者口腔颌面部多间隙感染治疗结果的因素分析

目的:分析影响口腔颌面部多间隙感染患者治疗结果 (住院天数和并发症)的转归因素,并比较糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者口腔颌面部多间隙感染的临床特征。方法:对2007—2010年间收治的117例口腔颌面部多间隙感染病例进行回顾分析。研究变量包括一般资料、病因学、临床指标(症状发作到入院治疗的时间、受累间隙的种类和数量)和实验室检查(细菌学、入院时血糖水平、入院时血白细胞总数和中性粒细胞百分比),结果变量为患者住院天数和并发症。采用SAS8.0软件包对数据进行t检验、卡方检验、方差分析、Logistic回归和线性回归分析。结果:糖尿病口腔颌面部多间隙感染患者与非糖尿病患者相比,前者受累的间隙更多,住院时间更长,全身各种并发症情况更多见,严重者可导致死亡。糖尿病存在与否与口腔颌面部多间隙感染的治疗转归(住院时日和并发症)直接相关。入院时血糖水平是影响口腔颌面部多间隙感染并发症严重程度的主要因素。结论:糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者口腔颌面部多间隙感染的临床特征和转归不同,为临床上治疗糖尿病口腔颌面部多间隙感染提供了重要的参考依据。     

口腔颌面部创伤院内评分的初步研究

目的　拟建立统一的具有专科特性的颌面部创伤严重度评分标准 ,为进一步对伤度分级提供基础。方法　在AIS 90的基础上 ,增加临床高发的颌面创伤诊断条目 ,将张口受限、咬合关系紊乱、颜面畸形 3个主要病症列入评分指标 ,规定伤度参数 ,得出颌面创伤严重度评分 (MTSS)并进行统计分析。结果　单纯上颌骨、下颌骨、颧骨颧弓、上下颌骨或颧骨复合骨折以及软组织伤各组之间平均评分差异有显著性。MTSS为住院费用及住院天数的显著影响因素。结论　本口腔颌面创伤严重度评分公式可以预测其治疗时医疗资源的消耗 ,对反映口腔颌面创伤的程度具有可信性、灵敏性和特异性。     

口腔颌面部术后钛板出现异常情况的原因及对策

目的:总结和分析口腔颌面部不同手术中使用钛板出现异常情况的原因并提出相应的预防和处理措施。方法:对28例钛板裸露、螺钉松动或脱落及钛板断裂患者的手术类型、手术时的情况,钛板出现异常情况的时间等进行了回顾性分析与研究。结果:局部软组织张力过大,清创不彻底,钛板所固定的骨段不健康以及操作过程中不规范是钛板出现裸露和螺钉松动的主要原因。手术中反复弯制钛板,钻孔时裂钻紧贴钛板边缘,容易导致术后钛板断裂。结论:钛板放置位置和操作过程应遵循坚固内固定的基本原则,术区软组织避免过度牵拉和损伤,术中尽量减少钛板弯制的次数,在严重污染和继发感染的骨创面应慎用坚固内固定技术。     

口腔颌面部间隙感染患者预后不良的影响因素分析

目的 ：探讨口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的发生情况及相关影响因素,为其治疗和预防提供参考。方法 ：选择长沙市第四医院2011年1月—2020年6月收治的口腔颌面部间隙感染的患者为研究对象。通过医院信息管理系统（hospital information system,HIS）收集患者的临床资料,采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic线性回归方法对口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的相关影响因素进行分析。结果：共收集到249例口腔颌面部间隙感染患者的临床资料,其中32例出现不良结局,发生率为12.85%,其中发生相关严重并发症27例、放弃治疗3例、死亡2例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=0.563）、感染至就诊时间越长（OR=1.324）、累及间隙越多（OR=0.441）、呼吸困难（OR=1.715）、合并糖尿病（OR=2.261）、中性粒细胞计数>0.9×109/L(OR=1.505)、C-反应蛋白≥10 mg/mL(OR=2.231)是口腔颌面部间隙感染患者发生不良结局的危险因素。结论：口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的发生...     

Frequency of maxillofacial injuries in all-terrain vehicle collisions.

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the frequency and distribution of maxillofacial injuries associated with all-terrain vehicle (ATV) collisions and to compare this with patients involved in motorcycle accidents over the same 5-year period at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.Patients and methods The records of all patients involved in ATV collisions who were admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham Trauma Center from January 1998 to January 2003 were reviewed. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, length of stay, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, maxillofacial injuries, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and maxillofacial Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score were the factors considered for the study. These variables were also analyzed for patients involved in motorcycle collisions who sustained maxillofacial trauma. RESULTS: There were a total of 72 ATV collisions; 23 patients (32%) sustained maxillofacial injuries. The mean age was 31, and there were 59 males (82%) and 13 females (18%). The most common mechanism of injury was an ATV rollover. The warmer seasons and weekend days had the highest frequency of ATV trauma. Of the 23 patients who sustained maxillofacial injuries, the average maxillofacial AIS score was 2. The length of stay and GCS score were 8 days and 12, respectively, compared to 5 days and 15 in the nonmaxillofacial injury group. The most common maxillofacial fracture seen was a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture (n = 8), followed by mandibular fractures (n = 6), and orbital floor blowout fractures (n = 5). Eighty-three percent of patients with maxillofacial injuries required an operative intervention during their hospitalization. The distribution of maxillofacial fractures in the ATV group was similar to that of an equivalent motorcycle group, but the frequency for the ATV group was higher (32% versus 8%). The length of stay for the motorcycle group was 11 days versus 8 days for the ATV group. The GCS scores, maxillofacial AIS scores, and ISS were similar between the 2 groups (12, 2, and 18, respectively). In patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures, neurologic injuries were the most frequent concomitant injury in the ATV group, whereas orthopedic injuries occurred more often in the motorcycle group. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial injuries are common findings in ATV collisions. ATV patients with maxillofacial fractures have more neurologic impairment at admission and longer hospitalizations than patients sustaining motorcycle injuries. There needs to be an increase in the public health effort to educate individuals about the dangers of ATVs and to provide proper safety guidelines before the purchase of a vehicle.     

颌面问高速投射物伤区软组织感染特点的实验观察

用初速１５００ｍ／ｓ，重１．０３ｇ钢珠致伤６只狗颌面部，伤后６，１２，２４ｈ取距伤道壁不同距离的肌肉组织做需氧及厌氧菌培养，实验发现，颌面高速投射物伤区，距伤道壁０．５ｃｍ以内的软组织，伤后６ｈ开始出现细菌感染，随致伤时间延长。     

Maxillofacial trauma in severely injured patients

A study was made of maxillofacial trauma in seriously injured patients to determine the likely role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons working in the regional trauma centres proposed by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. There were 153 patients, aged 70 years or less, who sustained major trauma (injury severity score 16 or more) and were admitted directly to the accident departments of the Bristol Royal Infirmary or Derriford Hospital, Plymouth during 1989. Maxillofacial injuries occurred in 50 (33%) of these patients with lacerations present in 39, burns in 1 and facial bone fractures in 28 (18%); soft tissue abrasions and contusions were excluded. The aetiology, patterns of injury, surgical treatment and outcome were reviewed. The implications for the provision of maxillofacial surgical services in regional trauma centres is discussed.     

Management of missile injuries to the maxillofacial region: A case series

AIM: To assess our management of patients suffering from missile injuries to the maxillofacial region. METHODS: From December 2009 to September 2012, 40 patients with missile injuries (high velocity gunshot and bullet wounds, explosive injuries and shrapnel etc.) affecting the maxillofacial region were treated. All except for 2 patients were males. All had soft tissue injuries with or without bone injuries. These patients were referred to the plastic and maxillofacial surgery ward of our hospital. The patients were 19 to 65 years of age (mean 45 years). In 19 cases, there were missile injuries to other parts of the body, especially the lower extremities. All of the patients were managed by early soft tissue debridement, comprehensive reconstruction and antibiotics. This retrospective study was approved by the IRB and ethical committees. RESULTS: The majority of injuries were caused by high velocity projectiles (88%) and the remaining by car explosions or dynamite blasts (12%). 40 patients were treated surgically. Thirty patients had soft tissue loss (75%) and 20 patients (50%) had bone loss; there was combined soft tissue and bone loss in 10 (25%) patients. Facial fractures were in the orbital bones in 10 cases, maxillary in 7, nasal in 5 and the mandible in 3 cases. We used primary repair in the majority of soft tissue defects (25 of 40 cases). Bone repair was done primarily at the same stage using miniplates, titanium screws or wires. In some cases with a bone defect, iliac bone grafts were used simultaneously or in the later stages (mandibular defects). There was no failure of bone reconstruction in our cases. Infections occurred in two cases and were treated with systemic antibiotics and dressing changes, without any long term sequelae. CONCLUSION: Our principles for soft tissue reconstructions were according to the reconstructive ladder and included primary repair, local flaps, skin grafts and regional flaps depending on the extent of damage. Primary repair in facial missile defects was not associated with increased morbidity or complications in this series. We recommend this approach when feasible.