调节性T细胞在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的作用

细胞免疫在阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理机制中起重要作用,但其具体作用仍然不清。调节性T细胞(Tregs)是一类具有免疫调节功能的CD4~+T细胞亚群,具有免疫无能性及免疫抑制性,通过抑制自身T细胞免疫反应,降低T细胞活性,促进抑制性细胞因子生成,对AD患者脑内Aβ的生成及清除起重要作用,但具体机制仍然不明确。本文就Tregs在AD发病机制中的研究进展进行综述。     

江西赣州市阿尔茨海默病经济负担现状及相关因素

目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)经济负担现状,分析其相关因素。方法:调查江西赣州市已确诊的符合精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版-修订版的痴呆诊断标准AD患者76人的过去1年相关费用,对不同特征患者总费用进行比较与多元线性回归分析。结果:AD患者年平均医疗总费用为41 088元。多元线性回归分析显示,MMSE得分越低,总费用越高(B=-1206.48,P<0.001),居住于护理中心者高于与照料人同住者(B=8216.15,P<0.001),保险或其他来源者低于经济来源为养老金者(B=-163.82,P<0.001),子女抚养者低于经济来源为养老金者(B=-154.69,P<0.001)。结论:江西赣州市AD患者的经济负担较重,主要与病情程度、居住安排和经济来源等因素相关。     

阿尔茨海默病淀粉样蛋白前体基因突变的初步研究

目的：了解办人家族性及散发性ＡＤ患者中２１号染色体ＡＰＰ基因１６、１７一子的突变情况。方法：对３例家族性ＡＤ、２６例散发ＡＤ，行静脉取务、酚、氯仿抽提法，提取基因组ＤＮＡ，ＰＣＲ扩增ＡＰＰ基因１６外显子及其５‘端８４个及３’端８６个ｂｐ的内含子部分，１７外显子及其５端１１４个及３‘端６９个ｂｐ的内含子部分，经玻璃粉末吸附法纯化靶片段后，对全部ＡＤ患者，每例样本分别含与不含甘油的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶     

T淋巴细胞与阿尔茨海默病北大核心CSCD

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是导致痴呆的最常见原因,脑内淀粉样斑块(Aβ)异常沉积是其主要病理特征。T淋巴细胞作为免疫系统的重要组成,在细胞免疫与免疫调节中发挥主导作用。研究表明,AD发生时部分 T淋巴细胞亚群被激活并浸润进入脑内,同时外周免疫系统与外周血中各 T淋巴细胞亚群数量与功能也发生改变。本文主要对 CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及 CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞,Treg 和各辅助性 T 淋巴细胞亚群在 AD 发生时数量与功能的改变及其潜在作用进行探讨,由于 T 淋巴细胞亚群分群复杂,同时不同研究中 AD 患者处于疾病发生发展的不同阶段,所以文献中具体研究结果可能有所差别,甚至相反。本课题组对现有文献中不同 T 淋巴细胞亚群与 AD 发生发展关系进行总结与探讨,认为 T 淋巴细胞亚群与 AD 的系统研究将为 AD 免疫治疗带来新的曙光。     

阿尔茨海默病合并2型糖尿病大鼠模型构建及病理改变的初步评价

目的：构建阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer disease,AD）合并2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM大鼠模型,并评估T2DM对AD病理改变的影响。方法：SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术（sham）组、AD组、T2DM组和AD+T2DM组,每组10只。高脂食糜灌胃和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（streptozocin,STZ）构建T2DM模型后,双侧侧脑室注射STZ构建AD+T2DM模型。旷场实验检测焦虑情绪,Morris水迷宫检测学习记忆能力;ELISA检测血清胰岛素水平;试剂盒检测血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平;尼氏染色和HE染色检测海马区神经元;免疫荧光染色检测海马区小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞活化水平;qPCR检测海马区炎症指标肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis f...     

APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑内铁死亡参与阿尔茨海默病病理改变的研究

目的 研究APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑内铁死亡与阿尔茨海默病病理改变的相关性.方法 选择不同月龄的野生型C57BL/6和APP/PS1小鼠,利用普鲁士蓝染色检测小鼠脑内铁累积情况;采用蛋白免疫印迹、免疫组织化学染色和免疫组织荧光法观察铁运输、储存、调节和铁死亡相关蛋白的表达及分布情况.结果 野生型小鼠海马和前额叶中铁死亡...     

阿尔茨海默病认知鉴别指标的初步分析

目的 :探讨有助于鉴别阿尔茨海默病的认知指标。方法 :样本由正常老年组 74名 ,AD组和VD组各 5例 ,对每位研究对象实施MMSE以及记忆、思维、语言和空间认知功能测试。结果 :不同组别之间比较显示 ,除在视觉再认得分上 ,组别之间无显著差异 ,其余均有明显差异 ;阿尔茨海默病患者和血管性痴呆患者在分类测验上 ,与正常老年组没有明显差异 ;阿尔茨海默病患者和血管性痴呆患者在各项得分上均无明显差异。结论 :记忆、思维、语言、空间等认知项目能区分出痴呆患者与正常老年 ,但不能特异性地区别出阿尔茨海默病 ,需要研究更为细致的认知指标。     

卷积神经网络在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的应用研究

随着深度学习技术在疾病诊断方面的广泛应用,尤其是卷积神经网络(CNN)在计算机视觉、图像处理方面的突出表现,越来越多的研究提出使用该算法实现阿尔茨海默病(AD)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)以及正常认知(CN)之间的诊断。本文系统地回顾了几种经典的卷积神经网络模型在该疾病不同阶段脑影像分析诊断方面的应用进展,进一步探讨了其存在的问题及研究方向,以期为该领域的研究提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

ApoE4在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)是一种脂质转运蛋白,在中枢神经系统的神经元中丰富表达,而ApoE4是其中的一种亚型.研究表明ApoE4是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的危险因素之一,会提高AD的发生率及降低其发病年龄.深入研究ApoE4的结构特性及在AD中的作用机制,有望使其成为诊治AD的靶点.     

piRNAs在阿尔茨海默病患者脑中的差异表达

目的 探讨piRNAs在阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者与对照人群脑组织中的表达差异,并研究这些piRNAs与AD的相关性.方法 选取年龄、性别比例匹配的6个AD样本(病理AD)与7个对照样本,取相同位置的前额叶脑组织提取RNA,加尾制备成piRNA后反转录成cDNA.基于前期研究结果选取10个在人脑中表达的piRNA:DQ5...     

Attentional Dyslexia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Study

We report a case study of a patient, NY, who developed features of an attentional dyslexia as one manifestation of a variant of Alzheimer's disease in which parieto-occipital areas are most affected. Although able to read single w ords w ithout diffi culty, N Y w as unable to read text. W hen reading two-word displays, he showed an apparent tendency for letters from one word to intrude into the other. Investigation of this phenomenon demonstrated that these errors were due to letter migration as opposed to non-contextual substitution and that the incidence of m igrations decreased when the two words appeared in different case letters. This reduction in interference by physical dissimilarity among the display elements differentiates NY from the two cases described in the original account of attentional dyslexia (Shallice & Warrington, 1977). Analyses of NY's error patterns pointed to the loss of location information as a significant factor in the generation of his migration errors.     

康复护理在老年痴呆症患者中的应用价值

目的 研究对老年痴呆症患者采用康复护理的意义。方法 选取2017年4月~2018年4月我院收治的老年痴呆症患者52例,采用随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组,每组26例。对照组进行常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上加以康复护理,对比两组患者的认知功能情况、生活质量情况以及护理满意度。结果 护理后,观察组的MocA评分为（16.35±2.76）分,ALD评分为（46.32±6.74）分,高于对照组的（12.24±2.08）分和（30.33±6.83）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组的护理满意度为96.15%,高于对照组的73.08%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 康复训练可有效提高老年痴呆症患者的认知能力以及生活自理能力,获得患者及其家属的认可,临床应用价值较高。     

帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗Alzheimer's病抑郁症状的对照研究

目的　比较帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪在 Alzheimer' s病抑郁症状治疗中的疗效和副反应。方法　帕罗西汀组 5 1例 ,氯丙咪嗪组 48例 ,均诊断为 AD,汉密尔顿抑郁量表 ( HAMD,1 7项 )≥ 1 8分。比较两组病人治疗后的 HAMD减分率 ,采用副反应量表 ( TESS)评定副反应。结果　帕罗西汀组与氯丙咪嗪组总体疗效相当 ,但帕罗西汀组起效较快 ,副反应发生率低。结论　帕罗西汀在 AD抑郁症状治疗中具有一定优势     

Oxidative Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease

There is increasing evidence that free radical damage to brain lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA is involved in neuron death in neurodegenerative disorders. The largest number of studies have been performed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) where there is considerable support for the oxidative stress hypothesis in the pathogenesis of neuron degeneration. In autopsied brain there is an increase in lipid peroxidation, a decline in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a neurotoxic aldehyde product of PUFA oxidation. Increased protein oxidation and a marked decline in oxidative-sensitive enzymes, glutamine synthetase and creatinine kinase, are found in the brain in AD. Increased DNA oxidation, especially 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is present in the brain in AD. Immunohistochemical studies show the presence of oxidative stress products in neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in AD. Markers of lipid peroxidation (HNE, isoprostanes) and DNA (8-OHdG) are increased in CSF in AD. In addition, inflammatory response markers (the complement cascade, cytokines, acute phase reactants and proteases) are present in the brain in AD. These findings, coupled with epidemiologic studies showing that anti-inflammatory agents slow the progression or delay the onset of AD, suggest that inflammation plays a role in AD. Overall these studies indicate that oxidative stress and the inflammatory cascade, working in concert, are important in the pathogenetic cascade of neurodegeneration in AD, suggesting that therapeutic efforts aimed at both of these mechanisms may be beneficial.     

HLA Antigens in Alzheimer's Disease

The histocompatibility antigens of the A, B, and C loci were typed for 32 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 35 controls of the same age. The results were also compared to the distribution of HLA antigens in a series of 900 healthy blood donors. No statistically significant differences were found between the Alzheimer patients and the controls. HLA–Cw1 was found significantly less frequently in the group comprising the patients with Alzheimer's disease and their controls together, than in the younger blood donor group. This leads us to suggest that an age-matched control group may be needed, at least when the patients are elderly.     

T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值。方法：采用流式细胞术对呼吸系统性疾病和正常健康人体内淋巴细胞亚群检测,并通过检测数据分析其淋巴细胞亚群功能变化。结果：①肺结核组、肺炎组和肺癌组的CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显低于正常对照组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;②肺结核组、肺炎组与肺癌组T淋巴细胞亚群比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显高于肺癌组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显低于肺癌组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;③肺结核组与肺炎组比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋及T4／T8比值水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：T淋巴细胞亚群参与了呼吸系统性疾病（肺结核、肺炎和肺癌）的病理过程,在其呼吸系统性疾病的发生、发展中起着十分重要的作用。因此,监测呼吸系统性疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,可对肺结核和肺炎患者的疗效作出评估和免疫增强提供理论依据,对肺癌患者的辅助免疫治疗支持参照。     

阿尔兹海默病症的检测方法现状

阿尔兹海默病症 (Alzheimer's Disease,AD)是一种常见的、由于脑内神经结构发生病变而引起的老年性痴呆症 ,自190 6年报道首例 AD病例以来 ,医学界一直致力于对 AD的诊断和治疗方法的研究。本文较全面地介绍了近年来常用的AD检测方法 ,其中着重介绍了基于神经电生理学的 AD检测方法     

Sustained Attention in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

The vigilance decrement in perceptual sensitivity was examined in 10 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 age-matched controls. A visual high-event rate digit-discrimination task lasting 7.2 min. (six 1.2 min blocks) was presented at different levels of stimulus degradation. Previous studies have shown that sensitivity decrements (d') over time at high-stimulus degradation result from demands on effortful processing. For all degradation levels, the overall level of vigilance (d') was lower in AD patients than in controls. All participants showed sensitivity decrement over blocks, with greater decrement at higher degradation levels. AD patients exhibited greater sensitivity decrement over time at the highest degradation level they all could perform relative to control participants. There were no concomitant changes in either response bias (C) or response times. The results indicate that mild AD patients have overall lower levels of vigilance under conditions that require both automatic and effortful processing. Mild AD patients also exhibit a deficit in the maintenance of vigilance over time under effortful processing conditions. Although the sample of AD patients was small, results further suggest that both possible and probable AD patients had greater sensitivity decrement over time at the highest degradation level than did control participants, but only probable AD patients had lower overall levels of vigilance. In the possible AD patients as a group, the decrement in vigilance occurred in the absence of concurrent deficits on standard attentional tasks, such as the Stroop and Trail Making tests, suggesting that deficits in vigilance over time may appear earlier than deficits in selective attention.