Jansen type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia

Metaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen (JMD), is a rare skeletal dysplasia with characteristic radiographic abnormalities. Of the various types of metaphyseal dysplasia, JMD shows the most severe alteration in metaphyseal architecture. All of the long tubular bones, including those of the hands and feet, show metaphyseal irregularity with a fragmented appearance and slight widening. The adjacent physes are abnormally widened, while the epiphyses tend to be slightly enlarged, rounded but otherwise normal. The spine in infancy and childhood usually appears normal. This report describes a young girl with metaphyseal changes typical of JMD except for the hands and feet, which appeared normal. She also showed very unusual abnormalities of the spine. This appears, therefore, to represent a unique osteochondrodysplasia for which we propose the term spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, type Jansen. Received: 4 April 1999 Revision requested: 6 April 1999 Revision received: 29 November 1999 Accepted: 1 December 1999     

Distinctive new form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with severe metaphyseal changes similar to Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

We report a boy with a unique, "new" form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. The conspicuous features of the spinal changes were the delay in ossification of the cervical spine and posterior elements of the thoraco-lumbar spine. The vertebral bodies were of abnormal shape but of normal size and well ossified. The hallmark of epiphyseal changes was markedly delayed ossification (bone age). The severely disturbed metaphyseal ossification was similar to Jansen metaphyseal dysplasia. This pattern of changes has not yet been described in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia.     

Mechanical Thrombectomy Using the New ERIC Retrieval Device Is Feasible,Efficient, and Safe in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Swiss Stroke Center Experience

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy predominantly using stent retrievers have been shown to effectively restore cerebral blood flow and improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We sought to determine the safety and feasibility of mechanical thrombectomy using the new ERIC retrieval device.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We identified 36 consecutive patients from our Stroke Center registry with acute ischemic stroke who were treated with the new ERIC retriever from September 2013 to December 2014. Patients with ischemic stroke meeting the following criteria were eligible: onset-to-treatment time of ≤4.5 hours or wake-up stroke (n = 10) with relevant CT perfusion mismatch, NIHSS score of ≥4, and proof of large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation on CT angiography. We assessed the baseline characteristics including age, sex, comorbidities, stroke severity, site of vessel occlusion, presence of tissue at risk, and treatment-related parameters such as onset-to-treatment time, recanalization grade, and outcome.RESULTS:The mean age was 70 ± 13 years, and the median NIHSS score on admission was 18 (interquartile range, 10–20). Seventeen of 36 patients were on platelet inhibitors or anticoagulants before endovascular treatment (47.2%); 20 patients received intravenous thrombolysis (55.5%). The ERIC was used as the sole retriever in 28 patients (77.8%) and as a rescue device in 8. Excellent recanalization was achieved in 30/36 patients (83.3%) with TICI 3 in 19/36 and 2b in 11/36, respectively. Median procedural time in these patients was 90 minutes (interquartile range, 58–133 minutes). No intraprocedural complications occurred.CONCLUSIONS:In this observational study, the new ERIC retrieval device was technically feasible, safe, and effective in acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion.

Early restoration of cerebral blood flow is crucial to prevent persistent brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tPA has been shown to increase recanalization rates¹ and improve clinical outcome within 4.5 hours after symptom onset.^2,3 Still, its effectiveness in large-vessel occlusion is rather limited.⁴ In contrast, endovascular interventions, in particular mechanical thrombectomy, have revealed high rates of recanalization in proximal artery occlusion (reviewed by Jansen and Rohr⁵). In the past decade, various devices have been introduced for this purpose (reviewed by Spiotta et al⁶). Just recently, new-generation stent retrievers were launched and proved to be even more effective than previous approaches.^7–9However, even the latest devices need to be deployed for several minutes before retrieving the thrombus and thus require precious time. Moreover, 1 device does not fit all occlusion types, and alternative effective devices are warranted. In this pilot study, we sought to determine the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke by using the new Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cages (ERIC; MicroVention, Tustin, California) (Fig 1B).Open in a separate windowFig 1.A, MCA M1 occlusion (white arrowhead). B, ERIC retriever tip. C, MCA M1 recanalized.     

Frequency of asymptomatic microbleeds on T2*-weighted MR images of patients with recurrent stroke: association with combination of stroke subtypes and leukoaraiosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asymptomatic microbleeds shown by T2*-weighted MR imaging are associated with small-artery diseases, especially with intracerebral hemorrhage. Few studies have focused on the prevalence of microbleeds in patients with recurrent stroke. We investigated frequency of microbleeds in patients with recurrent stroke and association of presence of microbleeds with a combination of stroke subtypes and severity of leukoaraiosis. METHODS: The study population consisted of 102 patients with primary stroke and 54 patients with recurrent stroke. Microbleeds were counted and classified by using T2*-weighted MR imaging with a 1.0-T system. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent stroke showed a significantly higher prevalence of microbleeds (68.5%) than did patients with primary stroke (28.4%) (P <.0001). Among patients with recurrent stroke, the highest frequency of microbleeds occurred in those with intracerebral hemorrhage alone (92.3%), with the next highest frequency occurring in those with a combination of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke (76.5%) and then those with ischemic stroke alone (50.0%) (P <.05). Leukoaraiosis was more severe in patients with recurrent stroke than in patients with primary stroke, and correlations between grade of microbleeds and severity of leukoaraiosis were found in patients with primary stroke (r = 0.367, P <.001) and in patients with recurrent stroke (r = 0.553, P <.0001). Logistic regression analysis identified recurrent stroke (odds ratio, 4.487; 95% confidence interval, 1.989-10.120) and leukoaraiosis (odds ratio, 5.079; 95% confidence interval, 2.125-12.143) as being significantly and independently associated with microbleeds. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic microbleeds are observed to occur frequently in patients with recurrent stroke, either hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, and are closely associated with the severity of leukoaraiosis.     

耳垂缺损的不同方法修复效果观察

目的探讨用不同方法行耳垂缺损再造修复的可行性及优缺点。方法1995年1月-2006年7月共收治耳垂缺损患者45例,根据耳垂缺损的大小及对侧耳垂情况分别采用不同的手术方式进行修复再造。对于18例缺损面积较小的耳垂缺损采用耳轮滑行推进皮瓣法修复,15例中等程度缺损患者采用耳后皮瓣法修复,12例完全缺损,或虽不是完全缺损但健侧耳垂较大的患者采用皮肤扩张术 自体肋软骨移植法修复。结果45例患者分别采用上述方法进行再造修复后,耳廓、耳垂形态良好,随访4个月-8年,效果满意。结论对于不同程度的耳垂缺损畸形,应根据具体情况采用相应的修复方法,以达到最佳治疗效果。对于耳垂完全缺损或虽不是完全缺损但对侧耳垂较大的患者,应首选皮肤扩张术 自体肋软骨移植法,以获得形态良好而持久的再造耳垂。     

不稳性寰椎骨折的外科治疗策略

目的 探讨枕颈或寰枢椎内固定融合技术治疗不稳性寰椎骨折的临床疗效和应用价值.方法 对2004年10月-2009年3月收治的不稳性寰椎骨折38例进行回顾性分析,其中6例寰椎爆裂性骨折合并寰枕关节不稳(5例行C0～C2固定融合术,其中1例同时合并有C7椎体压缩性骨折行C0～C3固定融合术),7例典型的Jefferson骨折,3例半环骨折,8例寰椎骨折合并Ⅱ型齿状突骨折,3例寰椎骨折合并Hangman骨折(其中2例Levine-Edwards Ⅲ型行C0～C3固定融合术,1例Ⅱ型行C1～C2固定融合术),3例寰椎骨折合并下颈椎损伤,6例寰椎横韧带断裂(Dickman Ⅰ型)伴寰枢关节不稳,2例寰椎粉碎性骨折合并寰椎侧块内侧骨性结构附着处横韧带撕裂(DickmanⅡ型).5例行C0～C2固定融合术,3例行C0～C3固定融合术,30例行C1～C2固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合.结果 所有患者术后均获得随访,平均随访时间为28个月(12～46个月).临床症状均得到不同程度的改善.平均手术时间135 min(80～190 min),平均失血量460ml(200～3 300 ml),平均透视时间60 s.38例患者术中均未发生神经、椎动脉和其他手术相关并发症.全部患者均于术后3 d颈托固定后下地行走;术后脊髓损伤症状无加重.3例因电刀灼伤C1～C2间血管静脉丛导致出血,行止血纱布、脑棉片填塞止血,未出现颅脑缺血症状.复查X线片和CT未发现上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎或枕颈部均获骨性融合.在晚期随访中,4例(11%)有颈部疼痛和僵硬感,1例枕神经痛.结论 对具有不稳定性寰椎骨折或合并寰椎横韧带损伤的患者,采用枕颈或寰枢椎内固定融合技术及短期外固定对于重建上颈椎永久稳定性是较好的手术方式,并且能阻止神经和脊髓功能的进一步损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of the occiput-cervicle or C1-C2 internal fixation and bone graft fusion in treatment of the unstable atlas fracture.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 38 patients with unstable atlas fractures treated by the occiput-cervicle or C1-C2 internal fixation and bone graft fusion from October 2004 to March 2009.Six patients with comminuted atlas fracture combined with instability of the occipito-atlantoid articulations were treated with occiput-C2 fusion(five patients)and with occiput-C3 fusion(one patient).There were seven patients with typical Jefferson fractures,three with semiring fractures,eight with atlas fractures combined with Anderson type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures,three with atlas fractures combined with Hangman's fractures (two patients with Levine and Edwards type Ⅲ Hangman's fractures were treated with occiput-C3 fusion and one patient Levine and Edwards type Ⅱ Hangman's fracture was treated with C1-C2 fusion),three with atlas fracture combined with lower cervicle injury,six with rupture of transverse ligament combined with instability of atlanto-axial joint(Dickman transverse ligament type Ⅰ injury)and two with comminuted fracture of the lateral mass associated with bony avulsion of the medial tubercle and transverse ligament(Dickman transverse ligament type Ⅱ injury).Of all,five patients were treated with occiput-C2 fusion,three treated with occiput-C3 fusion and 30 treated with C1-C2 fusion.Results All the patients were followed up for a range of 12-46 months(average 28 months),which showed improvement of clinical symptoms in some extent postoperatively.The operation time ranged from 80 to 190 min ates(average 135 minates),with intraoperative blood loss for 200-3 300 ml(average 460 ml)and average fluoroscopic time for 60 seconds.There were no neurological deficits,vertebral artery related complications or other complications in all the patients during the surgical operation.No neurological deficit was aggravated after the patient's mobilization with brace three days after operation.The enous plexus of blood vessel at C1-C2 rupture induced by the use of electrocautery was found in three patients who showed no cerebral hemodynamic deficit after hemostasis with hemostatic sponge and cotton piece.The follow-up X-ray and CT manifested osseous fusion in all the patients,with no looseness or breakage of the screws.The late follow-up showed pain associated with movement and limited range of motion in four patients(11%)and occipital neuralgia in one.Conclusions An occiput-cervicle fixation fusion or a C1-C2 fixation fusion combined with short external fixation can reestablish the upper cervical stability and prevent further injury of the spinal cord and nerve function and hence is an ideal option for C1 burst fracture with or without rupture of the transverse ligament.     

GrauerⅡ型齿状突骨折治疗方式选择及疗效分析

目的 探讨GrauerⅡ型(ⅡA、ⅡB、ⅡC型)齿状突骨折治疗方式的选择及临床疗效。 方法 本组共40例新鲜齿状突骨折患者,按照Grauer分型：ⅡA型7例,ⅡB型18例,ⅡC型15例;5例伴有不完全性脊髓损伤。7例ⅡA型患者先行枕颌带或颅骨牵引,后改用头颈胸石膏或支具外固定;15例ⅡB型患者行前路齿状突中空螺钉内固定;15例ⅡC型、3例严重移位ⅡB型患者经后路行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定植骨融合术。 结果 40例患者随访6～ 24个月。7例ⅡA型患者经保守治疗3-6个月骨折愈合。15例ⅡB型患者螺钉位置良好,未出现脊髓损伤,其中14例术后3～6个月骨性愈合,愈合率93.3％;15例ⅡC型、3例严重移位ⅡB型患者术中未出现椎动脉和脊髓损伤,后路植骨3～6个月骨性融合;复查内置物位置良好,无变形、松动或断裂;5例伴有脊髓不全损伤患者术后脊髓神经功能均有不同程度改善。 结论 Grauer分型中ⅡA型齿状突骨折可以保守治疗,ⅡB型(无移位或经牵引复位)宜行前路齿状突中空螺钉内固定术,ⅡC型及严重移位ⅡB型则应经后路行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定植骨融合术治疗。     

Spin-echo anatomy of the larynx with magnetic resonance at 1.5 T

The larynges of 8 healthy and informed volunteers were studied with a superconductive MR unit at 1.5 T together with those of 10 patients with extralaryngeal pathologic conditions. The study was performed with round surface coils (5") and with dedicated sellar coils in the anterior neck. Slices were 5 mm thick, and acquired on the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes, with T1-weighting; axial scans were repeated in the same locations with double echoes, with proton-density and T2-weighting. Five patients underwent additional scans after Gd-DTPA. The larynx of a semi-frozen cadaver was examined with sellar surface coils, on similar scanning planes and with similar pulse sequences to those described above; the larynx was removed, investigated with mammographic technique, and subsequently analyzed with thin CT slices and a high-resolution reconstruction algorithm for the study of laryngeal cartilage. Axial anatomical sections were then compared with MR and CT scans, and the anatomical structures were recognized on the triplanar MR scans of a volunteer's larynx. Besides MR anatomy of supporting laryngeal structures, the authors describe in detail the muscles, plicae, spaces and cavities which can be identified on the various planes, together with the changes in signal after Gd-DTPA.     

严重多发伤时损伤控制骨科应用41例

目的 探讨严重多发伤时损伤控制骨科（DCO）应用的可行性和疗效。方法对1995年1月-2005年12月应用DCO方法救治严重多发伤41例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果29例严重多发伤伴骨盆骨折大出血，均行髂内动脉断血术，其中双侧髂内动脉结扎21例，双侧髂内动脉栓塞术8例，早期骨盆外固定支架使用10例。10例严重多发伤伴开放性股骨骨折初期仅行清创和简单外固定。2例脊柱骨折伴脊髓压迫行简单椎板减压。均在ICU复苏治疗后，再做确定性内固定手术。本组死亡率12％（5／41），死亡组损伤严重度评分（ISS）平均值41．4分，主要死于休克和合并伤。共发生并发症7例，合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）3例，右髂总动脉血栓形成1例，2例膈下脓肿，1例下肢深部感染，均痊愈。结论迅速准确的诊断和一体化治疗，是提高严重多发伤生存率的关键，合理应用DCO是安全有效的方法。     

皮质内移征在鉴别脑内与脑外占位性病变中的价值

目的:探讨皮质内移征对鉴别脑内、外病变的价值。方法:对55例脑外占位性病变,包括21例硬膜下血肿、10例硬膜下积液1、1例硬膜外血肿1、3例脑膜瘤和32例脑内胶质细胞瘤,其中21例星形细胞瘤、4例少支胶质细胞瘤、7例幕上室管膜瘤行CT平扫及增强扫描图像资料进行回顾性分析。结果:55例脑外占位性病变中49例出现脑皮质内移征,包括硬膜下血肿21例、硬膜下积液10例、硬膜外血肿11例和脑膜瘤7例;而32例脑内胶质细胞瘤,包括星形细胞瘤21例、少支胶质细胞瘤4例、幕上室管膜瘤7例均未显示脑皮质内移征。结论:皮质内移征对鉴别脑内与脑外占位性病变具有很大的价值。     

颌面部骨折并颅颈交界区损伤的CT诊断

目的 探讨颌面部骨折合并颅颈交界区损伤的影像学特点及多层螺旋CT诊断。方法 收集10例颌面部外伤合并颅颈交界区损伤的螺旋CT重建扫描资料，比较常用影像学检查手段的诊断价值。结果 上、下颌骨双骨折并颧弓骨折者5例，下颌骨骨折5例。其中3例合并颞颌关节脱位，3例合并有轻、中度颅脑损伤。合并颅颈交界区损伤有：枕颈脱位2例，枕骨髁撕脱骨折2例，寰枢椎旋转性半脱位6例，结论 颌面部外伤骨折合并上颈椎损伤多为韧带型损伤，影像学特点为小片的撕脱性骨折及枕颈半脱位、寰枢椎旋转性半脱位；多层螺旋CT重建技术是诊断本病的最佳方式；提高对本病的警惕，重视颅颈交界区解剖标志间关系的画线测量是防止漏诊的关键。     

艾滋病25例临床分析

目的总结艾滋病的临床特征,以提高对其感染的认识。方法25例艾滋病及其并发症的临床表现和实验室资料进行回顾分析。结果全组病例均有发热、消瘦、乏力、食欲减退,咳嗽20例,气急18例,腹泻10例,发绀18例,淋巴结肿大10例,卡波肉瘤2例,肺部湿啰音22例,心动过速25例,脾肿大5例,外生殖器溃疡8例,尖锐湿疣5例,CD4+T淋巴细胞减少22例。并发症:肺结核8例,细菌性肺炎12例,肺部真菌感染4例,卡氏肺囊虫肺炎1例,马纳菲青真菌感染1例。肺部感染具多样性、混合性、播散性和难治性的特点,死亡22例,自动出院3例。结论艾滋病及其并发症的临床表现具有多样性,静脉注毒传染与性传染基本各占一半。     

艾滋病合并肺结核的多元化影像学表现

目的：探讨艾滋病合并肺结核的多元化影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析45例艾滋病（acquired immunodetieieney syndrome,AIDS）合并肺结核的影像学资料,CT扫描31例,DR胸片14例,经CT引导下穿刺26例,综合分析艾滋病合并肺结核的影像学表现特征。结果：45例艾滋病合并肺结核患者,病灶累及1个肺段的10例,2个肺段的6例,3—5个肺段的4例,两肺弥漫性分布的20例,肺部无阳性表现者5例,其中病理证实同时合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（pneomoeystis carinii pneumonia,PCP）10例,合并细菌（化脓菌）感染8例,合并真菌感染5例。结论：艾滋病合并肺结核的影像学表现多种多样,同时合并多种病原体感染,病变表现形态多样,影像学表现缺乏特异性,肺部穿刺活检病理证实仍不失为金标准。     

Parenchymal abnormalities associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: assessment with diffusion-weighted MR imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The common entity cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is associated with the poorly characterized imaging finding of parenchymal abnormalities; diffusion-weighted imaging has offered some insight into these manifestations. We assessed the relationship between the diffusion constant from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) with follow-up imaging findings and clinical outcome. METHODS: We evaluated the medical records and T2-weighted MR images of 13 patients with CVT complicated by intraparenchymal abnormality. Diffusion-weighted (DW) images and ADC maps were evaluated for increased, decreased, or unchanged signal intensity and were compared with signal intensity of contralateral, normal-appearing brain. In addition, ADCs were obtained in nine pixel regions of interest in abnormal regions in eight of the 13 patients. RESULTS: Eight patients had superficial CVT, and five had superficial and deep CVT. CVT of deep veins was associated with deep gray nucleus and deep white matter abnormalities, whereas superficial CVT was associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities. Twenty-four nonhemorrhagic lesions were identified in 10 of 13 patients on the basis of follow-up imaging findings. Four patients without seizures had lesions with decreased diffusion that appeared hyperintense on follow-up T2-weighted images, three patients with seizures had lesions with decreased diffusion that resolved, and seven patients had lesions with increased diffusion that resolved. Three of 10 patients had more than one lesion type. No difference was noted in mean ADCs for lesions with decreased diffusion that resolved compared with lesions with decreased diffusion that persisted. CONCLUSION: DW imaging in these patients disclosed three lesion types: lesions with elevated diffusion that resolved, consistent with vasogenic edema; lesions with low diffusion that persisted, consistent with cytotoxic edema in patients without seizure activity; and lesions with low diffusion that resolved in patients with seizure activity. This information may be important in prospectively determining severity of irreversible injury and in patient treatment.     

肿瘤相关性皮肌炎的~(18)F-FDG PET-CT影像特点

目的：探讨肿瘤相关性皮肌炎的18F-FDGPET-CT影像特点。方法：回顾性分析9例皮肌炎合并恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料和18F-FDGPET—CT显像资料,采用Mann-WhitneyU秩和检验对恶性肿瘤病灶与骨骼肌的SUVmax的相关性进行统计学分析。9例中胆囊癌3例,肺癌2例,卵巢癌、食管癌、结肠癌及恶性淋巴瘤各1例。结果：所有恶性肿瘤病灶的18F-FDG摄取较高,SUVmax为7．26±5．48;7例患者18F-FDGPET—CT显像示全身骨骼肌弥漫性对称性轻度摄取增高,SUVmax为3．45±0．81,与恶性肿瘤问差异有统计学意义（Z=-2．910,P=0．004）。同机cT扫描还发现1例合并间质性肺炎,3例合并肺部感染。结论：肿瘤相关性皮肌炎的18F-FDGPET-CT表现有一定特征性,认识其影像学表现,有助于提高对此病的诊断准确性。     

IVP检查过程应用数字化体层摄影的诊断价值

目的 阐述静脉性肾盂造影(IVP)检查过程同时应用数字化体层摄影技术的临床诊断价值。方法 收集63例做IVP检查同时应用数字化体层摄影技术病例的X线诊断资料，与临床和病理结果对照进行回顾性分析。结果 整体尿路显影效果：分为有体层组和无体层组进行统计(每一病例的X线片都包括普通电视下数字摄影和数字化体层摄影，无体层组即体层摄影部分不计)，肾影轮廓、肾盂、肾盏、输尿管及膀胱全部清楚显影者，有体层组6l例，占96．8％；无体层组59例，占93．7％。本组63例发现病变55例：结石43例合并肾扩张积液18例，占位性病变8例(肾囊肿1例，肾实质癌2例，肾上腺神经节瘤1例，膀胱癌4例)，前列腺肥大18例，双肾盂或并双输尿管畸形6例，输尿管下段憩室1例，输尿管囊肿1例，孤立肾1例，慢性肾盂肾炎合并膀胱炎1例。数字化体层摄影对病变的显示更清晰。结论 IVP检查过程应用数字化体层摄影对泌尿系疾病有重要的诊断价值。     

胰尾和脾门区域占位病灶CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:分析14例胰尾、脾门区域占位病灶CT表现,提高对胰尾、脾门区病变的诊断能力.方法:对14例病例行CT平扫增强,并行多平面重建(MPR)后结合临床病理做探讨分析.结果:14例胰尾、脾门区占位病灶包括胰尾神经内分泌癌、副神经节瘤、胰尾实性假乳头瘤各1例,胰腺囊腺癌2例,胰腺炎假囊肿2例,脾原发淋巴瘤3例,胃恶性间质瘤...     

Correlates of lung/heart ratio of thallium-201 in coronary artery disease

We studied 306 patients with chest pain (262 with coronary artery disease and 44 with no coronary artery disease) to determine which of 23 clinical, exercise, thallium, and angiographic variables best discriminate between patients with increased lung/heart ratios of thallium versus those with normal ratios. Normal lung/heart ratio values were defined using an additional 45 subjects with less than 1% probability of coronary artery disease. The number of diseased vessels was the best discriminator between patients with increased ratios versus those with normal ratios. Double product at peak exercise, number of segments with abnormal wall motion, patient gender, and duration of exercise were also significant discriminators. Using discriminant function analysis these variables could correctly identify 81% of cases with increased lung/heart ratios and 72% of cases with normal ratios. These results indicate that an increased lung/heart ratio of thallium reflects exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction and affords a better understanding of why this thallium parameter is a powerful prognostic indicator in patients with chest pain.     

脑性瘫痪的MRI特征

目的:探讨脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)患儿的头颅MRI表现及其与脑瘫类型的关系。方法:回顾性分析81例脑瘫患儿的临床资料与MRI表现。结果:81例脑瘫患儿MRI异常率为85.2%,痉挛型双瘫、四肢瘫、偏瘫、不随意运动型脑瘫、共济失调型脑瘫、肌张力低下型脑瘫和混合型脑瘫MRI异常率分别为92.9%、100%、100%、60%、87.5%、50%和81.8%。各类型脑瘫的MRI异常表现不同,痉挛型双瘫以脑室周围白质软化(PRL)为主,偏瘫型突出表现为单侧脑损伤,四肢瘫表现为广泛、弥漫、双侧脑损伤,不随意运动型表现为基底节病变或PVL,共济失调型绝大部分存在先天性小脑发育不全。结论:MRI有助于评价各型脑瘫的病理特点,对脑瘫病因的推测有帮助。