硫酸甲基异硫脲对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织核因子-κΒ活性的影响

目的　探讨硫酸甲基异硫脲 (SMT)对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织核因子 (NF) κΒ活性的影响。方法　利用腹腔内注射内毒素 (LPS)诱导小鼠急性肺损伤模型 ,180只小鼠随机分为LPS组、LPS +SMT组 (LPS注射前腹腔内注射SMT2 0mg/kg) ,LPS注射后 0h、1h、3h、6h、12h迁移率改变电泳法 (EMSA)检测肺组织NF κΒ活性 ,同时测定肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)α、白介素 10 (IL 10 )浓度及其mRNA表达 ,并观察肺组织的病理改变。结果　与LPS组比较 ,1～ 12hSMT组肺组织核蛋白NF κΒ活性明显增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肺组织匀浆细胞因子TNFα及其mRNA表达显著增高(P <0 0 5 )。与LPS组比较 ,SMT组IL 10及其mRNA表达均明显下降。结论　SMT通过活化NF κΒ ,启动炎症因子表达 ,但同时抑制抗炎介质的表达 ,加重肺损伤     

硫酸甲基异硫脲对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织核因子-κB活性的影响

目的探讨硫酸甲基异硫脲(SMT)对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织核因子(NF)-κB活性的影响.方法利用腹腔内注射内毒素(LPS)诱导小鼠急性肺损伤模型,180只小鼠随机分为LPS组、LPS+SMT组(LPS注射前腹腔内注射SMT20 mg/kg),LPS注射后0 h、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h迁移率改变电泳法(EMSA)检测肺组织NF-кB活性,同时测定肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α、白介素10(IL-10)浓度及其mRNA表达,并观察肺组织的病理改变.结果与LPS组比较,1～12 h SMT组肺组织核蛋白NF-κB活性明显增强(P＜0.05);肺组织匀浆细胞因子TNFα及其mRNA表达显著增高(P＜0.05).与LPS组比较,SMT组IL-10及其mRNA表达均明显下降.结论SMT通过活化NF-κB,启动炎症因子表达,但同时抑制抗炎介质的表达,加重肺损伤.     

吸入一氧化氮及静注异丙酚治疗兔油酸型急性肺损伤

目的观察吸入NO、静注异丙酚改善兔油酸型急性肺损伤(ALI)的氧合效果.方法用60mg·kg-1油酸引发兔ALI后(0h),随机分组.模型组(n=5)单纯行机械通气;NO组(n=5)持续吸入20ppmNO;异丙酚组(n=5)静注异丙酚2mg·kg-1·h-1.观察基础状态、0h、2h的平均动脉压(SAP)、HR、动脉血气及肺功能变化.治疗结束后摄胸片,测定肺组织湿/干(W/D)比值.结果治疗2h后与模型组相比,NO组PaO2>95mmHg,(P＜0.01)、PaO2/FiO2>300,明显提高(P＜0.05)、Qs/Qt、W/D显著下降(P＜0.05),异丙酚组无改变.结论急性肺损伤早期吸入NO可以安全有效地改善肺循环,提高氧合,减轻肺水肿,延缓肺损伤进程;异丙酚改善ALI氧合效果不显著.     

重新评价吸入一氧化氮在急性肺损伤中的作用

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has now been used clinically since 1991, or twelve years. The acute aims of therapy have mainly been improvement of oxygenation and reduction of lung vasoconstriction. This is true also for the use in ALl (acute lung injury) of various degrees of severity including ARDS (acute respiratorydistress syndrome).     

芦丁对脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤小鼠的作用及机制

目的探讨芦丁(Rutin)对脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)氧化应激失衡的作用。方法将30只雄性C57小鼠随机分为3组:对照组(C组)、脂多糖组(LPS组)和芦丁组(R组),每组10只。R组在LPS注射前0.5 h给予芦丁(100μmol/kg)腹腔注射,C组和LPS组在LPS注射前0.5 h给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射,LPS组和R组给予脂多糖(20 mg/kg)腹腔注射,C组给予等浓度生理盐水腹腔注射。脂多糖或生理盐水注射后6 h测小鼠血气,取肺组织进行病理观察,测定肺组织湿干比(W/D)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,检测过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,血清和肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-6和IL-1β的表达。结果与C组比较,LPS组肺组织病理改变和肺组织湿干比、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、MDA含量及IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α表达明显增加,而氧分压(Pa O2)、p H值及CAT、GPx、SOD活性明显降低。与LPS组比较,R组肺组织病理改变和肺组织湿干比、Pa CO2、RR、M DA含量及IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达明显减少,而Pa O2、p H值及CAT、GPx、SOD活性明显增高。结论芦丁可通过抑制氧化应激和炎症而减轻脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤。     

姜黄素对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织GSH-PX和iNOS活性的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的急性肺损伤(Acute lung injury,ALI)小鼠肺组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性的影响。方法 博莱霉素诱导小鼠急性肺损伤模型,光镜观察肺组织学改变,测定GSH-PX、iNOS活性变化。结果 姜黄素能降低肺组织中iNOS活性,提高小鼠体内GSH-PX活性,与假手术组相比,第3、7天时模型组iNOS活性明显增高(P<0.01),姜黄素中、高剂量组和模型组相比,iNOS活性下降显著(P<0.01);与假手术组相比,第3、7天时模型组GSH-PX活性明显减少(P<0.01),姜黄素中、高剂量组和模型组相比,GSH-PX活性显著增加(P<0.01)。病理组织学检查亦表明,一定剂量的姜黄素可明显减轻肺组织损伤的程度。结论 一定剂量姜黄素在BLM诱导的急性肺损伤中有一定的防治作用。其机制可能是通过升高肺组织的GSH-PX活性, 降低iNOS的活性,重建机体氧化、抗氧化平衡有关。     

姜黄素类似物JZ02对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤的影响

目的探讨姜黄素类似物JZ02对细菌毒素诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤的药理活性。方法 18只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照组(CON组)、模型组(LPS组)和JZ02治疗组(JZ02+LPS组),每组6只。连续7 d灌胃JZ02 20 mg/kg或等剂量0.5%CMC-Na,气管滴注5 mg/kg LPS或等量生理盐水建立急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,24 h后收取肺组织及肺泡灌洗液,检测肺湿干重比值(Wet/Dry)、肺泡灌洗液中蛋白浓度、细胞计数及炎症介质TNF-α等,并做肺组织切片,观察肺损伤及炎症细胞浸润情况。结果姜黄素类似物JZ02可有效抑制LPS导致的肺含水量及肺泡灌洗液中蛋白、炎性细胞、炎症因子的增加,缓解肺组织细胞肺泡间隔增厚,间质充血、水肿及炎症细胞浸润等。结论姜黄素类似物JZ02能够抑制LPS诱导的炎症反应,减轻肺损伤。     

乌司他丁对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织中白细胞介素-10表达的影响

目的探讨鸟司他丁（UTI）对急性肺损伤（Au）小鼠肺组织中白细胞介素-10（IL-10）表达的影响。方法将昆明种小鼠50只随机分为脂多糖（LPs）组和uTI组，腹腔注射LPS建立小鼠急性肺损伤模型，用放射免疫法测定各组各时相点肺组织匀浆上清液中IL-10的含量，同时观察肺组织形态学改变。结果两组小鼠肺组织中IL-10含量均呈上升趋势，UTI组升高幅度明显高于LPS组（P〈0．05）。结论UTI可能通过上调抗炎因子IL-10的表达，对Au小鼠产生保护作用。     

白藜芦醇对脂多糖诱导小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的研究白藜芦醇对脂多糖(LPS)致小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法以小鼠气道滴注LPS制备急性肺损伤模型,检测气道吸气阻力(Ri)、气道呼气阻力(Re)和动态肺顺应性(Cdyn)的变化,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量,检测肺湿/干比值和毛细血管通透性,观察组织病理学变化。结果白藜芦醇能明显抑制Ri、Re增长和Cdyn降低,降低BALF中IL-1βI、L-6、TNF-α的含量,降低肺湿/干比值和渗透性,减轻肺组织病理学的损伤。结论白藜芦醇对LPS诱导的ALI具有保护作用,作用机制可能与抑制炎症因子的合成与释放有关。     

连花清瘟胶囊对脂多糖致急性肺损伤小鼠炎症因子和连接蛋白表达的影响

目的研究连花清瘟胶囊(LHQW)对脂多糖(LPS)致急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织连接蛋白表达的影响。方法雄性KM小鼠随机分为6组,正常对照组、模型组、模型+地塞米松5 mg·kg-1组、模型+LHQW 2,4和8 g·kg-1组,每组20只。地塞米松和LHQW均ig给药,每天1次,共7 d。末次给药24 h后,除正常对照组外其余5组气管内滴注LPS溶液,制备小鼠急性肺损伤模型。造模24 h后,处死小鼠。光镜下观察肺组织病理形态变化,透射电镜下观察肺泡上皮超微结构,流式细胞术检测外周血T细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)阳性表达细胞百分率,免疫组化法检测肺组织间隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)、闭锁蛋白和闭锁小带蛋白(ZO-1)的表达。结果光镜下观察发现,模型组小鼠肺内出现大量炎症细胞浸润,肺泡壁增厚;模型+地塞米松组、模型+LHQW 2,4和8 g·kg-1组较模型组炎症细胞浸润减少,肺泡壁增厚减轻。电镜下可见,模型组肺泡上皮细胞出现损伤,模型+地塞米松组、模型+LHQW 2,4和8 g·kg-1组较模型组均不同程度减轻。正常对照组、模型组、模型+地塞米松组、模型+LHQW 2,4和8 g·kg-1组外周血T细胞中TNF-α阳性表达细胞百分率分别为(3.6±0.9)%,(6.4±0.8)%,(2.8±0.7)%,(4.7±1.6)%,(4.0±1.5)%和(3.6±1.2)%,模型组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),其余各组均低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。模型组肺组织中Cx43、闭锁蛋白和ZO-1表达均低于正常对照组(P<0.01),模型+地塞米松、模型+LHQW 4和8 g·kg-1组3种蛋白表达均高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论 LHQW可能通过抑制炎症细胞浸润,改善肺泡上皮细胞和肺血管内皮细胞连接蛋白的表达,缓解LPS导致的急性肺损伤。     

The effects of nitric oxide in acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ongoing clinical and basic research and a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI have not been translated into new anti-inflammatory therapeutic options for patients with ALI, or into a significant improvement in the outcome of ALI. In both animal models and humans with ALI, there is increased endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO) due to enhanced expression and activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). This increased presence of iNOS and NO in ALI contributes importantly to the pathophysiology of ALI. However, inhibition of total NO production or selective inhibition of iNOS has not been effective in the treatment of ALI. We have recently suggested that there may be differential effects of NO derived from different cell populations in ALI. This concept of cell-source-specific effects of NO in ALI has potential therapeutic relevance, as targeted iNOS inhibition specifically to key individual cells may be an effective therapeutic approach in patients with ALI. In this paper, we will explore the potential role for endogenous iNOS-derived NO in ALI. We will review the evidence for increased iNOS expression and NO production, the effects of non-selective NOS inhibition, the effects of selective inhibition or deficiency of iNOS, and this concept of cell-source-specific effects of iNOS in both animal models and human ALI.     

Treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (MK-801) protects against oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in the rat

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common syndromes that affect both clinical and surgical patients. This study describes the effects of a potent and specific N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist (MK-801) against oxidative stress in acute lung injury induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. This study was performed using male Wistar rats weighing 200-250g. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control with isotonic saline instillation (n=6); LPS (100μg/100g of body weight) treated with saline (n=6); LPS treated with MK-801 (0.3mg/kg, intraperitoneally; n=6); LPS treated with MK-801 (0.3mg/kg, intratracheally; n=6). Twelve hours after the LPS instillation, rats were anesthetized and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in order to determine the alveolar-capillary membrane alterations and the inflammatory infiltrate level. Blood and lung samples were isolated and assayed for oxidative stress variables and histopathologic analysis. The use of MK-801 decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, LDH activity and inflammatory cells. Indeed, the treatment with MK-801 significantly attenuated lung oxidative damage and histopathologic alterations after LPS instillation. Our data provide the first experimental demonstration that MK-801 decreases oxidative stress and limits inflammatory response and alveolar disarray in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.     

Isoforskolin pretreatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in animal models

Isoforskolin was isolated from Coleus forskohlii native to Yunnan in China. We hypothesize that isoforskolin pretreatment attenuates acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). Three acute lung injury models were used: situ perfused rat lung, rat and mouse models of endotoxic shock. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production was evaluated in human mononuclear leukocyte. In situ perfused rat lungs, pre-perfusion with isoforskolin (100, and 200 μM) and dexamethasone (65 μM, positive control) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/L) induced increases in lung neutrophil adhesion rate, myeloperoxidase activity, lung weight Wet/Dry ratio, permeability-surface area product value, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. In rats, pretreatments with isoforskolin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and dexamethasone (5mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced lipopolysaccharide (6 mg/kg i.v.) induced increases of karyocyte, neutrophil counts and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and plasma myeloperoxidase activity. Lung histopathology showed that morphologic changes induced by lipopolysaccharide were less pronounced in the isoforskolin and dexamethasone pretreated rats. In mice, 5 mg/kg isoforskolin and dexamethasone caused 100% and 80% survival, respectively, after administration of lipopolysaccharide (62.5mg/kg, i.v., 40% survival if untreated). In human mononuclear leukocyte, isoforskolin (50, 100, and 200 μM) and dexamethasone (10 μM) pre-incubation lowered lipopolysaccharide (2 μg/mL) induced secretion of the cytokine TNF-α, and interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. In conclusion, pretreatment with isoforskolin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in several models, and it is involved in down-regulation of inflammatory responses and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸在急性肺损伤中的保护作用

目的观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)在急性肺损伤(ALI)中的保护作用。方法建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤模型,将24只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、LPS组和NAC组,测定各组肺含水量、湿/干质量比值,对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞计数,并用ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的量。结果NAC组大鼠肺含水量、湿/干质量比值、TNF-α含量、白细胞计数均少于LPS组(P<0.05)。结论N-乙酰半胱氨酸能通过阻断细胞因子和炎性介质的释放来抑制大鼠急性肺损伤的肺部炎症反应。     

血管生成素2在大鼠内毒性急性肺损伤中的作用与机制研究

目的 探讨血管生成素-2(Ang-2)在脂多糖(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时的表达及其机制。方法 48只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、1 mg/kg LPS组、5 mg/kg LPS组和10 mg/kg LPS组,每组12只。LPS组尾静脉注射不同剂量LPS复制ALI模型,对照组注射同等体积生理盐水,留取肺组织标本,观察肺湿/干重(W/D)比值、HE染色光镜观察肺组织标本病理改变并进行肺损伤评分,各组ELISA法检测血浆中Ang-2与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,Westernblot方法检测肺组织中Ang-2的蛋白表达情况。结果 LPS注射进入大鼠尾静脉6 h后,光镜下可见肺组织内的炎性细胞浸润,肺泡隔增宽,肺间质水肿和肺结构破坏等病理改变;LPS各组的肺损伤评分与W/D比值明显高于对照组(P<0.05);LPS不同剂量组血浆中Ang-2与VEGF的表达水平较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),血浆中Ang-2的表达与VEGF、肺损伤评分呈正相关(r=0.826,P<0.05;r=0.775,P<0.05);LPS不同剂量组与Ang-2蛋白的表达水平呈现剂量效应关系(P<0.05)。结论 Ang-2参与大鼠ALI的发病过程,且Ang-2水平增高与ALI严重程度有关。     

Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness, the incidence and mortality of which are very high. Free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), are considered to be the final causative molecules in the pathogenesis of ALI. Hydrogen, a new antioxidant, can selectively reduce OH and ONOO⁻. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that hydrogen inhalation could ameliorate ALI induced by intra-tracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg body weight). Mice were randomized into three groups: sham group (physiological saline + 2% hydrogen mixed gas), control group (LPS + normal air) and experiment group (LPS + 2% hydrogen mixed gas). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed to determine the total protein concentrations and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lung tissues were assayed for oxidative stress variables, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, histological, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting examinations. Our experiments exhibited that hydrogen improved the survival rate of mice and induced a decrease in lung W/D ratio. In addition, hydrogen decreased malonaldehyde and nitrotyrosine content, inhibited myeloperoxidase and maintained superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues and associated with a decrease in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and total protein concentrations in the BALF. Hydrogen further attenuated histopathological alterations and mitigated lung cell apoptosis. Importantly, hydrogen inhibited the activation of P-JNK, and also reversed changes in Bax, Bcl-xl and caspase-3. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that hydrogen inhalation ameliorated LPS-induced ALI and it may be exerting its protective role by preventing the activation of ROS–JNK–caspase-3 pathway.     

右美托咪定在脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤小鼠中对JAK2/STAT3通路影响及意义分析

目的：探讨分析右美托咪定在脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤小鼠中对JAK2/STAT3通路影响及意义分析。方法：将实验室120例健康小鼠作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照、观察两组,每组60只小鼠,其中对照组小鼠静脉给予10mg/kg脂多糖后即可给予生理盐水5mg/kg,观察组小鼠静脉给予10mg/kg脂多糖后即可给予右美托咪定10mg/kg,比较两组急性肺损伤小鼠蛋白酪氨酸激酶/转录信号传导子和激活子3（JAK2/STAT3）通路与右美托咪定应用与否的关系及影响。结果：两组小鼠治疗前Murray肺损伤评分情况无明显差异,无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。采用右美托咪定治疗的观察组小鼠肺损伤评分情况明显优于对照组小鼠,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;经对比观察,观察组小鼠雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）（0.47±0.12）mg/L及雷帕霉素靶蛋白磷酸化（p-mTOR）（0.56±0.15）mg/L水平均优于对照组mTOR（0.37±0.10）mg/L及p-mTOR水平（0.32±0.09）mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组与对照组小鼠微管相关蛋白（LC3-Ⅱ）水平相近且无明显差异,无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论：急性肺损伤小鼠静脉注射右美托咪定后,肺损伤评分较低,小鼠JAK2/STAT3通路各项生理参数趋于正常,右美托咪定通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路起到对肺脏的保护作用。     

吸入一氧化氮降低吸入性损伤所致肺动脉高压的实验研究

为评价吸入一氧化氮(NO)在犬烟雾吸入性损伤的降压效果及验证其作用机制。将21只犬随机分为三组,烟雾吸入后,对照组(n=8),单纯吸氧(FiO_2,0.45),治疗组(n=9)吸氧(FiO_2,0.45)+0.0045％(45ppm)NO,连续监测12h血循环动力学变化;正常组(n=4)不致伤,用于建立组织学对照。结果:吸入NO组平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)明显下降(P<0.05),而平均主动脉压(mAP)、周围血管阻力(TPR)无明显影响(P>0.05)。动脉血和肺组织环磷酸乌苷(cGMP)明显升高(P<0.01)。表明吸入NO可降低吸入性损伤肺动脉高压,选择性作用于肺循环的机理为提高平滑肌细胞内cGMP水平。     

一氧化氮在梗阻性黄疸患者肝损伤中的作用及其意义

目的探讨一氧化氮在梗阻性黄疸患者肝损伤中的作用及其意义。方法选取阻塞性黄疸患者 30例作为实验组 ,另选取同期住院的单纯性胆囊结石患者 30例作为对照组。观察各组血清一氧化氮 (NO)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)、谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、胆红素 (TBil)、白蛋白及血浆内毒素水平变化。取阻塞性黄疸患者肝组织作成 10 %生理盐水匀浆 ,计算每克 (湿重 )肝组织NO -2 含量 ;取材同上 ,制作石蜡切片HE染色 ,计算机图像分析仪计算HE染色切片肝细胞坏死面积。相关分析肝组织坏死面积与肝组织NO含量的相关关系。结果实验组一氧化氮、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子水平较对照组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;肝组织坏死面积与NO含量之间呈显著正相关 ;血清NO含量与血清谷草转氨酶 (GOT)、谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、胆红素 (TBil)之间呈显著正相关。结论梗阻性黄疸患者一氧化氮水平显著升高 ,体内一氧化氮水平的高低与肝损伤程度相平行 ,抑制或促进一氧化氮的合成与释放可能对肝脏起保护作用 ,检测体内一氧化氮水平可成为了解梗阻性黄疸患者肝损伤程度的重要指标之一。