Clinical outcome and cost in patients with off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

General concept and major emphasis on off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) is maintaining quality of care and patient safety while reducing cost and resource utilization. OPCAB probably avoids the potential complications of cardiopulmonary bypass. However its acceptance depends on clinical and economic outcome. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and economic outcome of off-pump and on pump coronary artery bypass surgery. This is a report of an analytic cross-sectional study on 304 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery that were randomized into conventional on pump and off-pump groups. Variables and costs were obtained for each group and these data were analyzed using parametric methods. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to perioperative and intraoperative patient's variables. OPCAB reduced the need for postoperative transfusion requirement (P<0.05) which was statistically significant and showed a trend towards reduction of morbidity although didn't reach statistical significance (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in surgical re exploration and length of stay between the two groups. The mean cost for an on pump surgery was 8312000 ± 2859 Rials per patient that was significantly higher than an off-pump surgery. Based on the findings of this study, clinical outcome has no statistically significant difference between on pump and off-pump CABG but the costs are significantly higher in the on pump group.     

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery

This review article summarizes the major studies that have investigated the outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The article includes a review of the literature in the areas of: history of CABG; indications for CABG; and measurement of quality of life following CABG, including prolongation of life, physical functioning (ie, relief from angina and dyspnea, physical activity, as well as complications of surgery and re-hospitalization), psychological functioning, and social functioning. Overall, the literature demonstrates that the outcomes of CABG have historically been measured in terms of mortality and morbidity; however, it has now been well recognized that adjustment to CABG is a multidimensional phenomenon that is not fully explained by medical factors. Therefore, in addition to studying mortality and morbidity outcomes following CABG many recent studies have identified that it is important to investigate various physical, psychological, and social variables that have a significant impact on post-operative adjustment to CABG.     

Combined coronary artery bypass surgery and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

The proper management of patients with asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms and significant coexistent coronary artery disease is still debatable. The most common approach has been to perform the coronary artery bypass surgery some weeks before the abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the hope of reducing the cardiac morbidity and mortality. We report our initial experience of three consecutive elective cases where the coronary artery bypass surgery and the abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were performed at one operation by the same operating surgeon.     

Risk adjustment for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: an administrative approach versus EuroSCORE.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of administrative data in predicting in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: Patient data were obtained from the administrative databases on hospital discharge abstracts of the Italian region Emilia Romagna for the years 2000-2001. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare an ICD-9-CM risk adjustment approach based on administrative variables (such as age, gender, principal diagnosis, combined operation, previous cardiac surgery, emergency admission, and Charlson comorbidity index) with a risk adjustment approach based on the clinical European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) to predict in-hospital mortality and to assess hospital performance. In order to distinguish complications of care from comorbidities, we linked hospital data across multiple episodes of care up to 1 year before the admission for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). RESULTS: The risk adjustment approach based on ICD-9-CM data provides good explanatory ability in models assessing in-hospital mortality (the c statistics obtained are very close: c = 0.76 in 2000 and c = 0.80 in 2001 for the administrative model versus 0.78 in 2000 and 0.77 in 2001 for the clinical one) and in those ranking the centres (c = 0.78 in 2000 in both approaches, and c = 0.82 for the administrative model versus c = 0.78 for the clinical one in 2001). CONCLUSIONS: Adding some administrative variables considered proxy for clinical complexity to the administrative model and linking hospital data across patients' multiple episodes of care eliminated much of the difference in effectiveness between the clinical and administrative risk adjustment approach. Focusing on the health policy context of measuring CABG death rates, our study strengthened the thesis that, with the growing improvement in accurate coding practice, administrative databases could provide a valuable and economical source for health planning and research.     

A critical perspective on coronary artery disease and coronary bypass surgery

This paper examines coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery from a critical medical anthropological perspective. It explores the issue of why an expensive, individualistic, and mechanistic treatment for the symptoms of coronary artery disease (CABG surgery) has come to be so widely used to treat a condition which is so clearly related to occupational, social and environmental stresses and to behavioral factors. The paper also addresses the issue of why CABG surgery has proliferated in the absence of firm evidence from controlled studies that it is an effective long-term mode of treatment for many patients with this disease. Through this analysis of the growth and continued overuse of CABG surgery the social nature of biomedical knowledge and the socio-cultural, political and economic nature of biomedical decision making are revealed.     

The use of risk-adjusted complication rates to compare hospitals performing coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty.

A hospital's quality of care is generally assessed by a review of individual records. This study used unadjusted and risk-adjusted complication rates to measure the quality of care for hospitals that perform coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty. Hospitals differed greatly in their complication rates. Only a small percentage of this difference was due to differences in the risks that patients faced.     

Monitoring the diffusion of a technology: coronary artery bypass surgery in Ontario.

Technology assessment involves not only examining technologies before they are released but also their diffusion into practice once they have been released. In this study we show how basic analysis of a large administrative data set, combined with a review of evidence on effectiveness, can be used as the first step in technology assessment. We analyze the use of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) in the province of Ontario, Canada. The annual number of procedures increased 52 per cent over a seven-year period between 1979 and 1985. Large increases in CABS rates in the over-65 population accounted for more than half of this increase in procedures. Increased rates of surgery in the over-65 population are unlikely to be caused by increased prevalence of coronary artery disease and may be the result of a change in clinical attitude toward the use of CABS. This change is discussed in the context of the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CABS. We conclude that there is a need to carefully monitor and evaluate the use of technologies especially in the elderly.     

冠状动脉搭桥术围术期抗菌药物使用调查分析

目的 调查分析和评价冠状动脉搭桥术患者围术期预防性使用抗菌药物的情况.方法 抽取2010年出院的冠状动脉搭桥手术患者住院病历132份,对围术期抗菌药物使用进行回顾性调查分析.结果 132例手术患者预防使用抗菌药物使用率为100.0％,用药时间3～16 d,平均7 d;用药时机:术前30 min使用率97.7％,术中追加使用率96.7％.结论 132例冠状动脉搭桥术围术期用药存在用药疗程长,预防用药档次高,抗菌药物种类选择、用药时机不当等,亟需进一步规范化管理.     

无创检查对冠状动脉搭桥术后疗效评价

目的探讨无创检查方法评价冠心病患者行冠状动脉搭桥术治疗后的临床意义。方法将该院2008年2月—2010年2月之间收录的80例冠心病患者在冠脉搭桥手术前后进行采取多普勒超声心动图进行检查,观察治疗情况。结果通过对患者采取冠状动脉搭桥术治疗前后多普勒超声心动图检查的LVIDd、LVIDs、LVEF和SV以及LVFS比较具有明显的差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义。结论多普勒超声心动图是临床中常见的无创检查方法,患者也比较容易接受,在评价冠状动脉搭桥术的效果具有较大的意义。     

Survival enhancing indications for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in California

Background  

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is performed because of anticipated survival benefit, improvement in quality of life, or both. We performed this study to explore variations in clinical indications for CABG surgery among California hospitals and surgeons.     

Analysis as-randomized and the problem of non-adherence: An example from the veterans affairs randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery

In most randomized clinical trials not all patients adhere to the therapy to which they were randomly assigned. Instead, they may receive the therapy assigned to another treatment group, or a therapy different from any prescribed in the protocol. When non-adherence occurs, problems occur with the analysis comparing the treatments under study. Rigorous statistical principles require attributing outcome events to the original random treatment assignment (‘intent-to-treat’ analysis). Using data from the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, we report the intent-to-treat analysis and apply four other methods of analysis for analysing non-adherers: 1. exclude non-adherers from analysis; 2. transfer them to the alternative treatment group at the time of randomization; 3. censor them at the time of treatment change, and 4. transfer them to the alternative treatment group at the time of treatment change. Inherent problems and biases of these four other methods are discussed.     

冠状动脉搭桥术治疗质量评价指标体系的建立

目的建立评价冠状动脉搭桥术治疗质量的指标体系,为提高治疗质量提供指导。方法通过PubMed检索相关文献并参阅“心血管病诊断指南解读（第3版）”,选出评价治疗质量的候选指标,应用德尔菲法筛选合适的评价指标。结果建立了冠状动脉搭桥术治疗质量的评价指标体系,该指标体系共有20个指标,其中2个结构指标,10个过程指标,8个结局指标。结论探索评价医院之间冠状动脉搭桥术治疗质量的多维方法,发现治疗中的不足,为提高医院冠状动脉搭桥术治疗质量,降低病死率提供科学指导。