小切口无缝合非超声乳化白内障摘除术对手术源性散光及角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的 评价小切口无缝合非超声乳化白内障摘除术对手术源性散光(SIA)和角膜内皮细胞的影响.方法 对2010年1月至2011年8月就诊的白内障患者122例(139只眼)行小切口无缝合非超声乳化白内障摘除术,术前和术后1周、1个月及3个月测量角膜散光度,采用矢量分析法计算SIA值;并测量角膜中央区内皮细胞的密度、丢失率.结果 术后1周、1个月角膜散光度与术前差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后3个月角膜散光度与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后3个月SIA值与术后1周、1个月差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1周、1个月、3个月角膜内皮细胞密度与术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1个月、3个月角膜内皮细胞丢失率无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 小切口无缝线非超声乳化白内障摘除术所致SIA较低,对角膜内皮细胞损伤小.     

The effect of the incision in cataract extraction on corneal astigmatism

Postoperative corneal astigmatism has been studied in 130 eyes after cryoextraction of senile cataract depending in the cataractous incision: perpendicular, step-shaped alone, step-shaped with additional scleral "cap peak", 5 x 3 mm. On discharge, most frequently (in 75% of cases) a direct kind of corneal astigmatism was observed. Astigmatism invariably decreased and became stable after 4--7 months, direct astigmatism became rarer (44%), but the number of eyes with reversed astigmatism increased (40%). The lowest degree of corneal astigmatism (1.8 +/- 16D) and consequently the highest surgical visual outcomes were recorded after a step-shaped incision.     

切口位置对小切口非超声乳化术后角膜散光影响的观察

目的 比较小切口非超声乳化术不同位置的切口对角膜散光的影响.方法 将60例(60只眼)欲行小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的白内障患者随机分两组各30只眼,A组顺规散光者切口选在上方,逆规散光者切口选在颞侧;B组:切口全部选在上方.均采用距角巩膜缘2mm水平6.5mm的巩膜隧道切口,不缝合.观察术前及术后3个月的视力、角膜散光及手术源性散光的情况.结果 A组、B组手术源性散光分别是:(0.94±0.12)D、(0.98±0.12)D,差异无统计学意义.A组术前和术后3月散光为:(1.24±0.46)D、(0.24±0.26)D;B组为(1.25±0.36)D、(2.54±0.45)D;A组视力≥0.5:26只眼(87%):B组:19只眼(64%),A、B组差异有统计学意义.结论 白内障手术切口选在角膜曲率最大的子午线上.可矫正术前已有散光并获得更好地术后视力.     

个性化角膜切口白内障手术对角膜源性散光的影响

目的分析个性化角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光及裸眼视力的影响。方法 90例(106眼)白内障患者分为2组,试验组选择位于角膜最大屈光度径线上透明角膜切口,对照组选择11:00处的透明角膜切口,行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月分别检测患者角膜散光及视力情况。结果术后1个月和3个月试验组裸眼视力分别为(4.9±0.15)、(5.0±0.15),显著优于对照组的(4.8±0.18)、(4.8±0.20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月和3个月试验组角膜散光度分别为(0.78±0.39)、(0.79±0.40),明显低于对照组的(1.53±0.32)、(1.52±0.28),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论白内障患者术前大多存在<1.5D的角膜散光。采用个性化角膜切口可降低白内障手术角膜源性散光,术后视力恢复好,是一种简便、可行的手术切口。     

切口位置对小切口非超声乳化术后角膜散光影响的观察

目的:比较小切口非超声乳化术不同位置的切口对角膜散光的影响。方法:将80例80眼白内障患者随机分两组各40眼,A组:顺规散光者切口选在上方,逆规散光者切口选在颞侧;B组:切口全部选在上方。均采用距角膜缘2mm反眉形6.0mm的巩膜隧道切口,不缝合。观察术前及术后3mo的视力、角膜散光。结果:A组术前和术后3mo的散光位为1.15±0.53D,0.89±0.50D,B组为1.13±0.57D,1.64±0.68D。A组视力≥0.5者34眼(85%),B组:24眼(60%),A,B组差异有统计学意义。结论:白内障手术切口选在角膜曲率最大的子午线上,可矫正术前已有散光并获得更好的术后视力。     

角膜地形图引导下白内障手术切口对角膜散光的矫正

目的:比较不同位置和形态的手术切口对白内障摘除术后角膜散光及裸眼视力的影响。方法:选取术前角膜散光值>1.00D的白内障患者43例52眼,将患者随机分成两组,A组患者采用超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,手术切口为位于上方10∶30～11∶30的透明角膜隧道切口。B组患者采用手法碎核白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,其中角膜散光值为1.00～2.00D的患者,切口为位于角膜最大屈光度径线的直线形巩膜隧道切口,长度为6.0～7.0mm,角膜散光值>2.00D的患者,在上述直线形切口对侧角膜缘处,另作一弧形板层松解切口。分别于术后2wk,3mo随访患者,检查裸眼视力及行角膜地形图检查。结果:B组患者术后2wk,3mo裸眼视力好于A组。B组患者术后角膜散光度在术后2wk,3mo时均小于A组。结论:位于角膜最大屈光度径线的6.0～7.0mm直线形巩膜隧道切口,及此切口联合作对侧弧形板层松解切口均能有效矫正白内障术前存在的角膜散光,能够使患者获得更好的术后裸眼视力。     

非球面和球面人工晶状体植入术后视功能观察

目的 分析白内障患者术前角膜散光情况评估经不同位置透明角膜切口行超声乳化术后的角膜散光变化情况.方法 218例(295只眼)白内障患者分为三组,第一组选择颞侧切口,第二组选择颞上方切口,第三组选择上方切口,三组患者通过透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化及折叠式后房型人工晶体植入术.术前及术后一周、一月、三月分别检测患者角膜散光情况,并通过Holladay-Cravy-Koch方法 计算术源性散光.结果 术前角膜散光0.5至1.5D的占60.68%,大于等于1.5D的占11.86%,顺归散光占29.49%,逆归散光占51.19%,其余为斜轴散光.术后三次随访颞侧切口组的术源性散光最低,上方切口组的术源性散光最高,具有统计学差异(P<0.05).另外,在上方切口组中发现患者术后角膜散光有向逆归散光转变的趋势.结论 白内障患者术前大多存在小于1.5D的角膜散光.在白内障术后早期阶段,颞侧透明角膜切口引起的术源性散光较小,而上方透明角膜切口不仅可引起较显著的术源性散光,并且术后角膜散光有向逆归散光转变的趋势.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery and evaluate the astigmatism changes after cataract surgery performed using clear corneal incisions with different locations.Methods: This randomized prospective clinical study comprised 295 eyes of 218 patients having phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable intraocular lens through a corneal tunnel incision. Patients were randomly divided into three groups depending on the different locations of the incision: temporal, superotemporal and superior. Corneal topography was performed preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Surgically induced changes were calculated by vector analyses using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch method. Results: Preoperatively, in 60.68% of eyes, corneal astigmatism was between 0.5 and 1.5 diopters (D) and in 11.86%, it was 1.5 D or higher. Meanwhile, about 29.49 percent of eyes had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, while 51.19% had against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism, and the others had oblique astigmatism. At three follow-up visits postoperatively, the mean magnitude of surgically-induced astigmatism (SIA) was lowest in the temporal incision group and highest in the superior incision group. In addition, an ATR shift was found in the superior incision group. Conclusions: Corneal astigmatism less than 1.5 D was present in most cataract surgery candidates. Cataract surgery using temporal clear corneal incision induced significantly less SIA in the early postoperative period. Superior incision may lead to an ATR astigmatism shift.     

Refractive astigmatism after oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract incision.

PURPOSE: To determine the astigmatic effect of a supero-oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract incision. SETTING: A university-based general ophthalmology practice. METHODS: All eyes having supero-oblique phacoemulsification cataract surgery using the right hand of a single surgeon between April 17, 1997, and July 24, 1997, were prospectively included. There were 52 eyes of 52 consecutive patients. Manifest refraction was performed preoperatively and 1, 3, and at least 6 months postoperatively. A Fourier method of vector analysis was used. RESULTS: Mean refractive error (Fourier corrected) for all eyes and all ages preoperatively was -1.422 + 0.085 x 35.85. At 6 months, it was -0.620 + 0.190 x 14.2. There was little difference between right and left eyes. Patients older than 80 years had greater induced astigmatism. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that making a supero-oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification incision while sitting in the more natural superior position does not induce a clinically important amount of oblique astigmatism.     

超声乳化白内障手术切口位置对术后角膜散光的影响

目的：比较不同超声乳化白内障手术切口位置对白内障患者术后角膜散光的影响。

方法：选择2006-06/2013-06行超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的412例456眼老年白内障患者,随机分为两组,每组228眼。观察组顺规散光患者选择角膜缘正中上方作切口,逆规散光选在颞侧作切口,斜规散光选在颞上方角膜最大曲率子午线上,无散光者选在颞上方; 对照组全部在角膜缘正中上方作切口。全部患者均采用3mm角巩膜隧道切口,距角膜缘2mm,术后切口不缝合。采用角膜曲率仪测量患者术前及术后不同时间的角膜屈光状态,比较不同手术切口位置对术后角膜散光的影响。

结果：观察组术后1,3mo裸眼视力均明显优于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组术后1,3mo的平均散光度均明显低于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组术后3mo角膜散光度与术前相比显著降低(P<0.05),对照组术后3mo与术前相比显著提高(P<0.05)。

结论：依据患者角膜散光状态,选择角膜曲率最大的子午线上作超声乳化白内障手术切口,可一定程度上矫正术前散光,并相应提高患者视力。     

手法小切口白内障摘出术后角膜散光变化的研究

目的:探讨手法小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光的变化。方法:将57例86眼老年性白内障患者随机分成两组,A组42眼行手法小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术,B组44眼行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。分别于术前、术后1,3mo用角膜地形图测量角膜散光度并计算手术源性散光。结果:术后1mo,A组与B组的平均手术源性散光分别为1.05±0.49,0.71±0.45,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3mo,A组与B组的平均手术源性散光分别为0.66±0.34,0.59±0.31,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:术后早期白内障超声乳化术比手法小切口白内障摘出术引起的角膜屈光改变更小,术后3mo两者的屈光改变接近一致,均达到屈光稳定状态。     

Enlargement of the temporal clear corneal cataract incision to treat pre-existing astigmatism

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of enlarging the temporal clear corneal cataract incision on pre-existing against-the-rule astigmatism. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 21 eyes of 21 consecutive patients with astigmatism greater > or = 1.75 D, who underwent temporal clear corneal cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group, with medium astigmatism, consisted of 14 patients (14 eyes) with 1.75 to 2.74 D of against-the-rule astigmatism, and had an incision enlarged to 4.5 mm. The second group, with higher astigmatism, consisted of seven patients (seven eyes) with 2.75 to 3.75 D of against-the-rule astigmatism and had an incision enlarged to 5.5 mm. Corneal topography was performed preoperatively and 24 months postoperatively on all eyes. Surgically induced cylinder changes were compared by examining preoperative and postoperative keratometric power using vector analysis. RESULTS: Mean preoperative cylinder in the medium against-the-rule astigmatism group was 2.10 +/- 0.23 D and mean postoperative cylinder at 3 months was 1.17 +/- 0.29 D. Using vector analysis, mean change in cylinder in the medium group was 0.93 +/- 0.42 D (P < .001). In the higher against-the-rule astigmatism group, mean preoperative cylinder was 2.85 +/- 0.10 D and mean postoperative cylinder at 3 months was 1.63 +/- 0.38 D. Mean change in cylinder in the higher astigmatism group was 1.34 +/- 0.58 D (P < .001). For both groups, Student's t-test showed that the postoperative decrease in cylinder was statistically significant (P = .005). CONCLUSION: By enlarging the size of the standard (2.8 to 3.5 mm) temporal clear corneal cataract incision, pre-existing against-the-rule astigmatism was reduced.     

角膜地形图引导下3.0mm角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光的影响

目的:观察角膜地形图引导下3.0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化手术前后患者角膜散光的变化。方法:在角膜最大曲率子午线上做3.0mm切口行白内障超声乳化手术,对术前散光度数≤1.0D的144例156眼术前、术后3mo的资料进行回顾性分析,统计手术前后角膜地形图散光的变化。采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析对数据进行统计学处理。结果:3.0mm角膜透明手术切口的术源性散光为0.77±0.53D。患者手术前后的散光对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),散光变化具有相关性(r=-0.69,P<0.01)。术前角膜散光≤0.25D者术后散光增大,其余组术后散光变小。结论:利用角膜地形图定位手术切口位置,可以改变超声乳化术后的角膜散光。对于散光范围在0.37～1.0D的患者更适合3.0mm的透明角膜切口。     

K值引导下不同切口位置对小切口白内障术后角膜散光影响的观察

目的观察角膜曲率(K值)引导下小同切口位置对小切口白内障术后角膜散光的影响。方法 58例患者(58只眼)随机分为A、B两组,A组30例(30眼)切口全部选在上方,B组28例(28只眼)根据角膜K值选在切口位置,垂直径线K值大者切口选在上方,水平径线K值大的选在颞侧,所有患者均采用距角膜缘3mm的巩膜隧道切口,不缝合。观察术前及术后3个月时角膜散光、术后3个月时裸眼视力,并进行统计学分析。结果 A组术前和术后3个月时角膜散光为(1.65±0.42)D、(1.61±0.45)D,B组为(1.87±0.55)D,(0.79±0.34)D,B组术后散光明显降低,同A组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后裸眼视力≥0.5者分别为70%、89.3%,差异有统计学意义。结论根据K值选择切口位置,可有效降低白内障术后角膜散光,提高患者视力。     

不同超声乳化术切口对白内障患者术后角膜散光的影响

目的：比较不同超声乳化术切口对白内障患者术后角膜散光的影响。 方法：选取我院收治的白内障患者,将患者随机分为对照组（与角膜缘相反弧形巩膜隧道切口组）和观察组（角膜上方或颞上方透明角膜切口组）。比较分析两组患者术后1 wk;1,3 mo不同时间角膜散光度的变化情况及视力的变化情况。 结果：与对照组患者相比,观察组患者术后1 wk;1,3 mo平均角膜散光度及手术源性角膜散光度均明显降低,裸眼视力及矫正视力均明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与对照组患者相比,观察组患者手术所用时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。 结论：角膜中心远处的小切口超声乳化术,能够减少患者术后散光度,促进患者术后视力提高,为进一步加强患者的临床治疗效果提供了保障。     

手法小切口无缝线白内障摘出术

目的 比较手法小切口白内障手术（MSICS），常规白内障囊外摘出术（ECCE）和晶状体超声乳化术（Phacoe）3种手术疗法的效果。方法 191例210眼老年性白内障随机分成3组，每组70眼，分别采用MSICS，ECCE，Phacoe手术方法，均一期植入硬质人工晶状体。就其术后1周视力、手术源性散光、主要手术并发症及手术成本进行比较。结果 术后1周裸眼视力≥0．6者。MSICS组多于ECCE组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；MSICS组与Phacoe组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后1周计算手术源性散光，MSICS组低于ECCE组．P〈0．05；MSICS组与Phacoe组比较，P〉0.05。术中后囊破裂合片玻璃体脱出：MSICS组4眼．ECCE组3眼，Phacoe组3眼。术后笫1天角膜明显水肿：MSICS组5眼，ECCE组3眼，Phacoe组5眼。MSICS组与ECCE组手术成本相似，MSICS组手术成本明显低于Phacoe组。结论 MSICS疗效优于ECCE，手术成本与ECCE相当。MSICS疗效与Phacoe相比无明显差异。手术成本明显低于Phacoe。MSICS兼备了ECCE的成本优势与Phacoe的效果优势，应为大规模治疗白内障盲的重要手段。