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1.
Background
Suicide among children and adolescents is a major public health issue. It is one of the leading causes of death in youths. A previous suicide attempt is a well-established risk factor for completed suicide. Since 1998, hospitalisation has been recommended for all children or adolescents who have attempted suicide by the French sanitary agency. We aim to estimate the frequency of suicide attempts during childhood and adolescence and the frequency of hospitalisation after a suicide attempt.Method
A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 17 years was recruited in 2008 (ESCAPAD Study). Analyses were conducted on 38,236 participants who responded to the question: “During your life, have you ever attempted suicide?”. Bivariate statistical analyses compared sociodemographics characteristics and perceived relationships in the family according to the presence of a history of suicide attempt.Results
In our sample of French adolescents aged 17 years, 8.2% (n = 3146) reported at least one history of suicide attempt. Three out of four adolescents reporting a history of suicide attempt were women (sex-ratio 1:3). Adolescents who were out of school at 17 years old (Odds ratio = 2.24 [CI 95%: 1.83–2.75]; P < 0.001) and those who had repeated at least one grade in school (Odds ratio = 1.97 [CI 95%: 1.83–2.12]; P < 0.001) were more likely to report a history of suicide attempt. Those whom parents were unemployed (Odds ratio = 1.41 [CI 95%: 1.24–1.61]; P < 0.001) were also more likely to report a history of suicide attempt. Family discord and negative relationship with parents were also associated with an increased frequency of history of suicide attempt. Only 25% of adolescents reporting a history of suicide attempt were hospitalised after this suicide attempt.Discussion
The results of this study have to be considered given some methodological limitations: data are retrospective and collected by questionnaires completed by the adolescents themselves. Similar results on the association between negative relationships in family and suicidal behaviours in depressed adolescents have been previously shown by Consoli et al. (2013) in the ESCAPAD study. 相似文献2.
Background and study aim
Recent previous studies have highlighted the existence of burnout among high-school students. Burnout among high-school students has been described as a continuum between academic stress and severe burnout. Moreover, as for adults, burnout in school context is a three-dimensional concept that includes: exhausting concerning school demands, cynical attitudes towards school and sense of inadequacy as a student (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009). Previous research has shown that burnout can engender depression (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009), and that, depression in turn could lead to suicide ideas among adolescents (Garlow et al., 2008). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the determinisms of burnout among French high-school students and to evaluate the mediator effect of depression between burnout and suicidal ideations.Method
Two hundred and fifty-six high-school students from 11th and 12th grades participated in this study. Among the participants, 135 were boys and 117 were girls, mean age was 16.9 years (SD = 0.88). The participants completed questionnaires about depression, suicidal ideations, burnout, academic stress, perceived pressure and perfectionism.Results
Regression analyzes were performed in order to determine the predictor variables of school burnout. The results indicates that burnout was predicted by academic stress, perceived pressure provided by parents and provided by peers; perfectionism however appears as a protective factor. In a second step mediation analyses using multiple regressions were performed. As expected, depression was a mediator between burnout and suicidal ideations. Since burnout was a significant predictor of depression and of suicide ideas, when depression and burnout are both associated, depression is the principal predictor (β = 0.64; t = 11, P < 0.0001) and burnout is no longer a significant predictor (β = –0.09; t = –1.6; P = 0.11). The Sobel post-hoc test confirmed these results (z = 8.4, P < 0.0001).Conclusion
Therefore it seems important to take into account academic stress and burnout for prevention of suicidality in adolescents. Psychotherapy interventions, focused on problem solving or improving feelings of self-efficacy, may be interesting to explore. 相似文献3.
Interest
The Dupré clinic of Sceaux is a “care and study” center, which has developed a multidimensional program including medical care, institutional psychotherapy and school studies for adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 25 suffering from severe psychiatric disorder, social impairment and/or school drop-out. To our knowledge, there are very few studies that have been conducted on the patient's clinical characteristics and the specific cares that can influence outcomes.Method
We studied a sample of 55 patients treated at the Dupré clinic between 2007 and 2012 (mean duration of hospitalization = 570 days; mean admission Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) score = 43.6). GAF scores at time of admission and at time of discharge, other relevant clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the specific cares received during hospitalization were collected. Most of the patients had a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (28%), personality disorder (25%) or eating disorder (23%).Results
Sixty percent of these patients were considered as “good responders” (i.e., an increase in GAF scores ≥ 25%) and the others (40%) were considered as “poor responders”. Adolescents who participated in a specific care focusing on the professional integration were more likely to be good responder (75% versus 44% among adolescents who did not participate in this specific care, P = 0.023).Conclusion
Given the limitations of our study (small sample, observational study), the potential interests of specific cares focusing on the professional integration of adolescents in “care and study” center should be further studied. 相似文献4.
5.
Objective
From a data collection conducted among junior high-school students, we propose to assess global and physical self-esteem. Indeed, profound physical changes, psychological and social affect this phase of development of the person and the object of this article is to clarify what are the potential impacts of these changes on self-esteem as a function of age and gender.Methods
Five hundred and seventy-nine junior high-school students of the Midi-Pyrenees region, aged 11 to 17 years (M = 13.34, SD = 1.20) have informed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the physical self-inventory (Ninot, Delignières and Fortes, 2000).Results
The reliability of both tools is confirmed from our study sample. The results allow to update significant differences in global and physical self-esteem according to the age and gender of the adolescents.Conclusion
The discussion focuses on the interpretation of gender differences in the assessment of global self-esteem and physical interpretation of the differences in the development of the person. 相似文献6.
M. Giannitelli M. Plaza F. Guillemont A. Hingant N. Bodeau D. Chauvin E. Jaunay E. Deniau A. Consoli J.-M. Guilé D. Cohen 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2011
Background
Children and adolescents involved with foster care are a population at high risk of developing psychiatric disorders and poor language skills. Here, we aimed to assess in children and adolescents admitted in a university department of child and adolescent psychiatry whether being involved with foster care would change oral and written language impairments they face.Method
We conducted a case-control study in a sample of 104 inpatients aged six to 18 years (50 supported by foster care; 54 not supported). Assessment included family and medical histories, axis 1 diagnoses and a systematic screening of written abilities using the French version of the 1-minute reading test, a spelling task and two tasks of sentence comprehension. For subjects showing at least one score below two standard deviations at one screening task, a full language assessment was performed including tasks for oral language, phonological skills, word identification, naming speed, syntax and comprehension.Results
We found more language impairments in inpatients involved with foster care than controls. They had lower scores in complex language comprehension tasks, more impaired phonological skills, and more fragile word identification strategies (both the grapho-phonologic conversion and the assembling strategy). We found a significant association between language and gender (male), intellectual disability and pervasive developmental disorder. Although externalized disorders were significantly associated with written language impairment, this association was mediated by gender. Finally, children and adolescents involved with foster care were at higher risk not to be treated for a language impairment (odd ratio = 3.5 [95%CI : 1.03–12.05], P = 0.038).Conclusion
The severity and prevalence of language impairments among youths involved with foster care and requiring psychiatric inpatient stay show the impact of learning disabilities in this population. In terms of prevention, assessment of language skills should be promoted in this population as they appear to be at risk of not receiving proper speech or reading remediation. 相似文献7.
8.
Objective
To explore the sociocultural and media influences regarding thinness on body dissatisfaction in adolescents. More specifically, to associate frequency of media exposure (television and magazine) with its relationship to body dissatisfaction through the identification of an “internalization” process of popular beliefs about thinness as a positive predictor of body dissatisfaction in adolescents.Participants and method
The sample was composed of 797 female adolescents of which the average age was 1671 ± 1.13. The participants were recruited from different schools in Northern France. The average BMI of participants was 20.71 ± 2.91. The participants were asked to respond to three self-report inventories: questionnaire on media exposure, The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ, evaluating body dissatisfaction) and The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 ([SATAQ-3], evaluating the sociocultural influence on appearance perpetuated by the media through four subscales: internalization, athletic internalization, pressure, and information).Results
The frequency of television exposure was negatively correlated with the “athletic internalization” subscale and the “pressure” subscale of the SATAQ-3. No correlation was found between exposure to magazines and the four subscales of the SATAQ-3 or body dissatisfaction. The model composed of “pressure” and “internalization” aspects appeared to explain the majority of the variance associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent females.Conclusion
The results appear particularly pertinent to the development of intervention, treatment and prevention strategies for body image disorders and eating disorder diagnoses in adolescents. 相似文献9.
Grace Yau Mark Schluchter H. Gerry Taylor Seunghee Margevicius Christopher B. Forrest Laura Andreias Dennis Drotar Eric Youngstrom Maureen Hack 《Early human development》2013
Background
Preterm children have many risk factors which may increase their susceptibility to being bullied.Aims
To examine the prevalence of bullying among extremely low birth weight (ELBW, < 1 kg) and normal birth weight (NBW) adolescents and the associated sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial risk factors and correlates among the ELBW children.Methods
Cohort study of self-reports of bullying among 172 ELBW adolescents born 1992–1995 compared to 115 NBW adolescents of similar age, sex and sociodemographic status. Reports of being bullied were documented using the KIDSCREEN-52 Questionnaire which includes three Likert type questions concerning social acceptance and bullying. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic factors were used to examine the correlates of bullying among the ELBW children.Results
Group differences revealed a non-significant trend of higher mean bullying scores among ELBW vs. NBW children (1.56 vs. 1.16, p = 0.057). ELBW boys had significantly higher bullying scores than NBW boys (1.94 vs. 0.91, p < 0.01), whereas ELBW and NBW girls did not differ (1.34 vs. 1.30, p = 0.58). Bullying of ELBW children was significantly associated with subnormal IQ, functional limitations, anxiety and ADHD, poor school connectedness, less peer connectedness, less satisfaction with health and comfort, and less risk avoidance.Conclusion
ELBW boys, but not girls, are more likely to be victims of bullying than NBW boys. School and health professionals need to be aware of the risk of bullying among ELBW male adolescents. 相似文献10.
A. Gramond A. Consoli M. Maury D. Purper-Ouakil 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2012
Background
In child and adolescent psychiatry, mood stabilizers are mainly prescribed for bipolar disorders (BD). Recognition of BD in adolescent is now clearly established. However, whether bipolarity exists in children is more controversial. To distinguish different clinical presentation in youth, it is recommended to use severe mood dysregulation (SMD) or temper dysregulation disorder (TDD) regarding previously called BD not otherwise specified. This point is currently in discussion for DSM 5. This distinction is very important as recent studies showed that treatment efficacy depends on diagnosis.Methods
We reviewed pharmacological treatment approaches for BD in children and adolescents focusing both on short-term efficacy, prevention of relapse and adverse effects.Results
We found 16 double blind randomized controlled trials (DBRCT) with rigorous methodological criteria assessing short-term efficacy of medications in BD in children and/or adolescents. Four used mood stabilizers (lithium, n = 2; valproate, n = 1; divalproate, n = 1; oxcarbamazepine, n = 1); eight second-generation antipsychotics (SGA); two compared divalproate with an SGA; one compared lithium, valproate and risperidone; and one combined divalproate plus quetiapine. We found at least one DBRCT showing superiority to placebo for lithium, valproate, as compared to SGA (aripiprazole, risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine and ziprasidone). Finally, we found only one relapse prevention DBRCT comparing lithium and divalproate. In sum, most studies refer to SGA short-term efficacy and trials remain too rare regarding mood stabilizers. However, anti-epileptics’ secondary effects are more evaluated compared with SGA or lithium because of their use in treating epilepsy.Conclusion
Current state of data and recent studies bring us to stay very careful regarding use of mood stabilizers in pre-pubertal child with BD. In contrast, these treatments are indicated for adolescent BD in addition to psychotherapeutic treatment and educational care although the number of studies is still limited. 相似文献11.
Background
Child welfare literature underlines a higher prevalence of health problems and psychiatric disabilities in fostered young people than in the general population. Questions remain about their social integration and health in the long term: Which risk factors continue to alter their pathway? Which protective factors have minimized a problematic psychosocial adaptation over time?Purpose
A follow-up study in the past was conducted on a SOS children's village on 123 young people who had been reared for more than 3 years and left care after the age of 14. A survey was mailed to these adults aged 23–50 years old, followed by face-to-face interviews. All relevant institutional files were analysed. Attrition rates were very low in this high-risk population. An overall score of social integration aggregates data regarding: occupational situation, family life, relationships, general psychosocial state. Health-related quality of life (Duke Profile) was analyzed by means of multiple dimensions including mental and social health, self-esteem, depression and disability. Multivariate analyses by logistic regression were used to examine the specific roles of decisive factors on social integration.Key findings
At a mean age of 36.5 years, two thirds were well integrated socio-economically, only one out of five had psychosocial problems. Three factors increased the risk of poor socioeconomic integration: accumulation of parental risk factors, having been placed with two or more siblings’ groups and persisting mental health problems when leaving care. The quality of life was significantly associated with a better perception of social and mental health and with self-esteem. It varied positively, taken into account with professional integration, relationships and supportive environment, and negatively according to past adversities: parental domestic violence, maltreatment, and persisting mental health problems. Except from disabilities and to a lesser degree sociability, globally, these former fostered population did not seem different from counterparts in terms of health measures, anxiety and depression.Implications
Results highlight the importance of continuity and stability in placement. For the professionals, it is necessary to give more attention to the question of rearing together several groups of siblings. Persisting mental health problems during placement and when leaving care would suggest a vital need for the staff to identify and to implement intensive, appropriate therapeutic care. 相似文献12.
Introduction
This study concerns resilience related to juvenile delinquency among victims of sexual abuse: sexual abuse has been recognized as a powerful risk factor for the emergence of deviant and criminal behavior.Objective
Our study aims to explore and highlight the protective factors that prevent victims of sexual abuse from engaging in a delinquent trajectory.Method
The sample consists of teenage girls who have revealed, at minimum last year, their intergenerational abuse. These girls, all between 12 and 18 years old are divided into sub-groups: the non-offender victims and the victims who are also offenders. Each teenage victim is compared to a normative population on different psychological functioning dimensions: self-esteem (Harter's self-perception profile for adolescents), aggressiveness (the Buss–Perry Aggression questionnaire) and post-traumatic stress, with the Impact of Event scale Revised, (IES-R)-Horowitz. We analyze family characteristics, such as familial attachment and family climate, social characteristics, such as associations with peers, and environmental factors, such as reactions to revelations of sexual abuse, the presence of family and extra-familial resources, psychological care.Results and conclusion
The results show that teenage victims of sexual assault present lower self-esteem and a negative self-perception in all fields, except for the perception of their attractiveness. Over-investment of this single dimension of self-perception can lead to a sexualization of their relationships with others and expose them to the risk of sexual revictimisation. The comparative analyses between the adolescent delinquent and non-delinquent victims highlight risk factors in connection with setting them off on a delinquent trajectory and protective factors supporting their resilience. The results highlight specific characteristics to the offender juvenile victims supporting a delinquent trajectory: aggressiveness, PTSD, defensive strategy of avoidance and characteristics of abuse (chronicity of abuse). The victim committed in delinquent trajectories presented more aggressiveness, consumeristic behaviour, post-traumatic stress and defensive strategy of avoidance than non-offender victims. Delinquent behaviour, just like substance abuse, could be a strategy of risk avoidance in connection with reliving sexual trauma, which hinders the process of resilience. Compared to the process of resilience, immediate and differed paternal support (during and after the revelations) seems the most important factor of protection. Being able to benefit from psychological councelling and having an extra-familial resource (a significant relationship with someone in the social environment) also constitute factors that support the resilience of these teenagers and prevent them from going down the path of delinquency. The interventions should aim at establishing a therapeutic alliance with these young girls during the early process of revealing the sexual abuse and mobilize and activate the support of the father (when he is not the abuser) or of a meaningful paternal figure as early as possible during the revealing phase and to accompany him in this restructuring function. 相似文献13.
J.-L. Sudres M. Dupuy F. Ghrib H. Desjardins I. Hubert M. Glattard G. Diene C. Arnaud M. Tauber B. Jouret 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2013
Background
Adolescence is identified as a critical period for obesity and its complications.Objective
To evaluate body image, self-esteem, anxiety and depression in obese adolescents.Methods
Hundred and six obese adolescents benefited from an exploration of body image (Body Prominence, BPQ; Figure Rating Scale, FRS; Questionnaire of Body Preoccupation, QPC), self-esteem (Self-Esteem Scale, SES), anxiety (Revised children Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMA-S), depression (Center for Epidemiologic studies–Depression Scale, CES-D).Results
Globally, body image is disturbed. The BPQ shows a level of body consciousness greater in girls. Concerning the choice of the perceived figure, boys position themselves more frequently than girls in plump figures. For wished figures, girls choose more slim figures. However, there is no sex difference concerning body dissatisfaction that is relatively important for both sexes. The QPC indicates that girls have higher body preoccupation level than boys with specific focus on certain body area according to sex. The SES indicates that one out of two adolescents shows a low self-esteem and according to the RCMA-S, one out of three shows a high anxiety level without sex difference. Moreover, from the CES-D, one out of five adolescents, more frequently girls, exhibits a moderate to severe depression.Conclusion
These results, with a differential interpretation (statistical vs clinical), partly confirm the data from the literature, and underline the need to perform a comprehensive investigation of body image, self-esteem, anxiety and depression in obese adolescents. In order to optimize the quality of the management provided to these youths, we proposed to physicians a pragmatic guide as “the somato-psychic pyramid”. It is important to remind that while escaping from the rule of the body fat regulation, obese adolescents may demonstrate a transgression and an adaptative marginalization. 相似文献14.
Noémi Dahan-Oliel Barbara Mazer Patricia Riley Désirée B. Maltais Line Nadeau Annette Majnemer 《Early human development》2014
Background and objectives
Motor, cognitive, social and behavioral problems have been found to persist in adolescents born extremely preterm. Leisure participation has been associated with health benefits; however, few studies have explored leisure participation in this population. The aim of this study was to describe leisure participation in adolescents born at ≤ 29 week gestation. Secondary aims were to identify potential differences in participation related to sex, age, motor competence, and cognitive ability, and between adolescents born preterm and their siblings born at term.Methods
This cross-sectional study included 128 adolescents (mean age: 16.0 years; 67 females) with a mean gestational age of 26.5 weeks. All participants, as well as 22 siblings born at term, completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment.Results
Participation levels were highest in social and recreational activities, and lowest in active-physical and skill-based activities. Boys participated in more active-physical activities (p = 0.01) and more often (p < 0.001) than girls, whereas girls had higher participation levels in social and self-improvement activities (p < 0.05) than boys. Older adolescents engaged in more social activities (p = 0.01) and more frequently (p = 0.002) than younger adolescents. Overall, participants with poor motor and cognitive skills had lower participation levels in active-physical and social activities. Adolescents born preterm participated in fewer recreational activities compared to term-born siblings (p = 0.013).Conclusions
Engagement in active-physical and skill-based leisure activities needs to be promoted in boys, and especially in girls with a history of prematurity. Activities should be adapted to sex and individual skill level in order to promote participation. 相似文献15.
Objective
The aim of this paper was to compare foster care and typical children's and adolescent's use of emotion regulation processes through coping. Developmental shifts in coping strategies were expected to change coping profiles during the transition from childhood to adolescence and enhance a less adaptive coping style in foster adolescents.Methods and population
One hundred and forty-two children and adolescents, from 7 to 16 years, participated to this study, 46 were in foster care and 96 were in typical families. Most families lived on medium incomes with a low to medium educational attainment. An Hierarchical Classification Ascendant (method consisting to build a partition of the population into homogeneous clusters [low within-variability] which are different one from another [high between-variability]) was used to identify three coping profiles in children and adolescents: “flexible”, “avoidant”, and “active”. This method allowed us to set up children and adolescent profiles as a function of their ages, their social status and their gender.Results
It was revealed that 30% of foster care children and adolescents used a “flexible” coping profile in the same proportion as in the control population. In both populations, there was an increase of the adaptive “flexible” coping profile with age. However, a placement in foster families after 6 years old increased adolescents’ vulnerability since between 12 and 16, they used less the “active” coping profile and more the “avoidant” coping style when faced with a stressor. The coping profiles of foster care girls differ significantly from those of girls in typical families with a greater proportion of “avoidant” coping profiles.Conclusion
These results suggest that the transition from childhood to adolescence alters emotion regulation in both populations. They are discussed within the framework of clinical intervention following the resilience perspective. 相似文献16.
17.
Objectives
While the reception arrangements for child psychiatric emergencies seem increasingly frequented by adolescents, we sought to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients, yet poorly explored and understood.Methods
We conducted an analysis of the literature review listed from the major search engines.Results
Attendance at child psychiatric emergencies is increasing for over 20 years, with a predominance of adolescents and accompaniment by an overrepresentation of social assistance to children (child welfare): 22,7% to 43% of patients. The first emergency department visit patterns are agitation and violence. The main diagnoses that are registered are mood disorders and conduct disorders, including oppositional defiant disorder. A significant proportion of these adolescents come back to emergencies procedures within the year: nearly one third of adolescents, including a history of child welfare monitoring as a risk factor.Discussion
In the different studies, the same proportion of internalizing problems and externalizing problems are registered by clinician investigators. The most striking characteristics relate more to the environment of these teenagers, including a significant proportion who are followed by child welfare. For those teenagers consulting in an emergency service, a therapeutic issue is to reintegrate them into a sufficient long-term care, thanks to disponibility, accessibility and an essential preliminary work and partnership coordination between the various professionals who accompany them.Conclusion
Based on literature data, knowledge about clinical and sociodemographic adolescents referred for “psychiatric emergency services” need to be developed in order to better understand an important issue and to propose care projects closer to the needs of this high-risk population. 相似文献18.
I. Sabbah Lim B. Garnier V. Dauriac-Le Masson M. Fortias Y. Contejean 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2013
Aims
Describing, analyzing and comparing the teenage population from 15 to 20 years old who was consulting a psychiatrist during one year, in the pedopsychiatric and adult psychiatric services of a given geographic sector.Methods
We conducted a retrospective survey based on the files/cases of teenagers having consulted at least once over the year 2008, in one or the other ambulatory care service. Grid-in questions were elaborated specifically for the purpose of this survey, in order to collect sociodemographic data, analyze medical courses, psychiatric histories and therapeutic support.Results
Over the year 2008, 184 teenagers from 15 to 20 years old were admitted in consultation among which 112 on the ambulatory pedopsychiatric department and 72 on the adult psychiatric department. The consultant teenagers having in the pedopsychiatric department are younger, they were more often referred by their school institution, more than half of them were living within a single-parent family and were diagnosed a personality or a neurotic disorder, whereas teenagers consulting in adult psychiatry department were referred by institutions, their family or a doctor, are more likely to be out of school (17 %), and were more often diagnosed with mood disorder or troubles related to their environment. Against all expectations, they do not have more psychiatric history (hospitalization). However, their care differs according to where they consult. Pedopsychiatrists more often refer their patients to a therapist (29 % versus 13 %) and prescribe less often medicinal treatment (24 % versus 40 %).Conclusion
Teenagers who are monitored in psychiatric department for adults hardly differ from those who were monitored in pedopsychiatric department. Far from competing pedopsychiatric and adult psychiatric departments are complementary. A prospective survey over several years and extra surveys covering other geographical sectors would allow to confirm these data. 相似文献19.
V. Garez G. Apter M. Valente B. Golse E. Devouche 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2014
Background and aim
This research aims to study mother-infant interactions at 3 months postpartum using the Still Face Face-to-Face Paradigm comparing two groups, mothers with borderline personality disorder and controls. We hypothesized that dyadic interactions with mothers afflicted with the disorder would be significantly different from those without psychopathology, and that these differences would vary according to infant gender.Methods
Nineteen dyads of mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder and 41 with control mothers were filmed using the Still Face Paradigm. Behaviors of both partners were studied using microanalytic coding with the Maternal and Infant Regulation Scoring System.Results and conclusion
Our analysis shows that both partners react to the stress induced by the Still Face episode (the paradigm is divided in three phases, 2 minutes of spontaneous interaction face-to-face, 2 minutes of maternal Still Face per se, and 2 minutes of reuniting interactive play). Infants of mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder show less gaze focused on mother than their control counterparts; infant girls regulate themselves more than boys and mothers with psychopathology demonstrate more tactile stimulation of their infants (touch, tickle, etc.). Our research illustrates how different dyadic adaptive mechanisms exist according to maternal psychopathology and infant gender, and suggests that as early as 3 months postpartum, infants are already trying to adapt to maternal functioning and dysfunctional interactions through self-regulatory mechanisms. This begs for further research exploring as precisely as possible interactive mechanisms both early in life and in longitudinal studies. 相似文献20.
F. Pourre E. Aubert J. Andanson J.-P. Raynaud 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2012