Chaiqinchengqi decoction regulates necrosis-apoptosis via regulat- ing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspase-3 in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect and the mechanism of Chaiqinchengqi decoction （CQCQD） on the apoptosis-necrosis switch of pancreatic acinar cells in acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP） in rats. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the control group, the ANP group and the CQCQD group. The acute pancreatitis （AP） model was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 4 g/kg 8% L-Arginine （PH 7.0） twice with a 1 h inter- val. Rats in the CQCQD group were intragastrically administered CQCQD （20 mL/kg every 2 h, 3 times, then 20 mL/kg every 6 h, 3 times）. Rats were killed at the 6 and 24 h after the induction of AP. The pan- creatic tissues were collected for pathology and to isolate pancreatic acinar cells and mitochondria. RESULTS： CQCQD significantly ameliorated the severity of ANP by reducing the pancreatic histopathology score, indicated by lactate dehydrogenase levels at the 6 and 24 h. The CQCQD group promot- ed the apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells by rais- ing the apoptosis index compared with the ANP group and the control group. Mitochondrial cytochrome c at the 6 and 24 h in the ANP group were lower than that in the control group or the CQCQD group （0.67±0.13 vs 1.54±0.03 vs 0.81 ±0.09; 0.71± 0.08 vs 1.55±0.09 vs 0.89±0.16, P〈0.01）. The cyto- chrome c levels in the cytoplasm at the 6 and 2 h in the CQCQD group were higher than in the control group （1.36±0.15 vs 0.67±0.04, 1.46±0.08 vs 0.59± 0.09, P〈0.01）, or the ANP group （0.96±0.13, P〉0.05; 0.97±0.09, P〈0.05）. CQCQD increased caspase-3 activity over the ANP group at the 6 h. CONCLUSION： CQCQD can induce apoptosis and relieve the necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells via promoting the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and increasing pancreatic caspase-3 ac- tivity in ANP rats.     

大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎腹腔内压的影响

目的：观察大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎(sever acute pancreatitis, SAP)腹腔内压的影响。方法将符合入选标准的北京中日友好医院外科重症医学科SAP患者70例,按随机数字表法分为2组各35例,常规治疗组予以西医常规治疗;大柴胡汤组在常规治疗的同时鼻饲大柴胡汤。观察急性期内2组患者腹腔内压(intra-abdominal pressure, IAP)的变化并统计腹腔高压(intra-abdominal hypertension, IAH)和腹腔间室综合征(abdominal compartment syndrome, ACS)的发生率。结果入院后2组患者IAP均有升高,但第3～7天大柴胡汤治疗组IAP 水平[(13.31±4.42)mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)、(13.02±5.23)mmHg、(12.35±3.34)mmHg、(11.26±4.46)mmHg、(9.89±3.44)mmHg]明显低于常规治疗组[(16.89±5.71)mmHg、(17.52±3.37)mmHg、(16.21±2.15)mmHg、(14.57±5.56)mmHg、(12.11±1.28)mmHg](P＜0.05)。急性期内大柴胡汤治疗组IAH及ACS发生率分别为40.0%(14/35)、8.6%(3/35),均明显低于常规治疗组的80.0%(28/35)、28.6%(10/35),2组比较差异均有统计学差异(χ2值分别为11.667、4.629,P值均＜0.05)。结论大柴胡汤可有效降低SAP患者IAP、IAH及ACS发生率。     

粉防己碱对急性出血坏死性胰腺炎大鼠炎性细胞因子含量的影响

 目的通过测定血清及胰腺组织炎性细胞因子含量,研究粉防己碱治疗大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎的机制。方法胆胰管逆行加压注射4.5%牛磺胆酸钠制备急性出血坏死性胰腺炎(AHNP)动物模型;ELISA法测炎性细胞因子白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量。结果6h后AHNP大鼠血清及胰腺组织IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α明显升高。60及30mg·kg^-1粉防己碱均可降低血清及胰腺组织内IL-1,IL-6及TNF-α的含量。结论粉防己碱对大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎的治疗作用与降低血清及胰腺组织IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α含量有关。     

莱菔承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡的影响

[目的]探讨中药莱菔承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡及凋亡基因Bax和Bcl-2表达的影响。[方法]健康Wistar大鼠72只,随机分为空白对照组(24只)、SAP模型组(24只)和莱菔承气汤治疗组(24只)。3组大鼠均于术后6 h,12 h,24 h心脏采血,检测血肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)。Annexin V-FITC/PI双染后流式细胞术检测肾脏细胞凋亡指数,RT-PCR检测肾脏组织Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。[结果]与对照组相比较,随着时间变化,SAP模型组大鼠血肌酐、血尿素氮水平明显升高(P0.01),肾脏细胞凋亡指数趋于升高,Bax mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01),Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显下降(P0.01)。与SAP模型组相比较,莱菔承气汤治疗组大鼠血肌酐、血尿素氮水平明显下降(P0.01),肾脏细胞凋亡指数下降,Bax mRNA表达明显下降(P0.01),Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01)。[结论]中药莱菔承气汤可能通过调节凋亡相关基因,减少肾脏细胞凋亡以减轻肾脏病理损伤,从而改善SAP时并发的急性肾功能障碍。     

Matrine induces apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells via alteration of Fas/FasL and activation of caspase-3

Aim of the study

Matrine, an alkaloid purified from the chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait, is well known to possess activities including anti-inflammation, anti-fibrotic and anticancer. In this study, the mechanism of matrine inducing the apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was examined by MTT assay. Cellular morphology was observed under transmission electron microscope. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to observe the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI. The expression levels of Fas/FasL in SGC-7901 cells were monitored by FCM analysis using an indirect immunoflurenscence method. Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.

Results

MTT assay showed that matrine inhibited SGC-7901 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis induction was demonstrated by morphological changes under electron microscope and FCM analysis. Florescence intensity levels of Fas and FasL were found to be equally up-regulated after matrine treatment, which were both correlated with apoptosis rate. The activity of caspase-3 enzyme increased in matrine groups, positively correlated with apoptosis rate.

Conclusions

Matrine could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in vitro. The apoptosis induction appears to proceed by up-regulating Fas/FasL expression and activating caspase-3 enzyme.     

柴芍承气汤对实验性重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护作用

目的 观察中药柴芍承气汤对实验性重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护作用.方法 用10%左旋精氨酸溶液腹腔注射制作重症急性胰腺炎大鼠模型,将72只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组,SAP模型组和中药治疗组.中药治疗组于造模完成后灌服(1 ml/100 g体重)中药1次,后同剂量每6 h一次,直至处死;正常对照组和SAP模型组仅灌服同等剂量的无菌生理盐水.各组分别在6、12、24、48 h取材并分别检测:①胰腺和回肠黏膜病理变化;②回肠黏膜细胞凋亡指数;③检测血清TNF-α水平.结果 中药治疗组各观察时相点胰腺和回肠黏膜病理损害均较SAP组减轻;SAP组肠黏膜细胞凋亡指数显著高于正常对照组和中药治疗组(P＜0.05);SAP组血清TNF-α含量显著高于正常对照组和中药治疗组(P＜0.05);中药治疗组血清TNF-α的含量显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 肠黏膜细胞的过度凋亡是SAP肠道屏障功能异常的主要机制之一,柴芍承气汤能有效抑制SAP大鼠肠黏膜细胞的过度凋亡,改善肠道屏障功能.     

芪冬活血饮对油酸致急性肺损伤大鼠氧化/抗氧化失衡的调节作用

目的观察芪冬活血饮对油酸所致大鼠急性肺损伤氧化/抗氧化失衡的作用。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、中药组、中药加地塞米松组5组,每组16只,观察各组肺组织病理学改变,计算肺系数、含水量,检测血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果和空白对照组比较,各组肺系数、肺含水量及MDA指标均有不同程度增高(P<0.05);各组SOD均减低(P<0.05)。地塞米松组和中药加地塞米松组的肺系数、肺含水量及MDA均较模型组低(P<0.05)。结论芪冬活血饮和地塞米松对油酸所致大鼠急性肺损伤均有干预作用,两者有一定的相加作用。芪冬活血饮对大鼠急性肺损伤的干预作用机制与调节氧化/抗氧化失衡有关。     

大黄承气汤联合保留灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨大黄承气汤联合保留灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎的肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响。方法:选择重症急性胰腺炎患者100例,按照入组先后顺序分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组予以常规处理措施,观察组联合大黄承气汤保留灌肠治疗,均持续治疗10 d。比较治疗后临床疗效、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、肠道菌群数量、免疫功能、不良反应及死亡率。结果:观察组临床疗效总有效率为92.00%,明显比对照组的74.00%更高(P<0.05); 观察组腹痛及腹胀消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均明显比对照组短(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组肠球菌、大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前均降低,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均升高(P<0.05),观察组改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组CD₃⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),且观察组上述指标均明显高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗期间两组均无明显相关药物不良反应,与对照组的死亡率20.00%相比,观察组6.00%明显更低(P<0.05)。结论:大黄承气汤联合保留灌肠在重症急性胰腺炎患者中的治疗效果明显,可帮助患者调节肠道菌群,促进免疫功能改善,降低病死率。     

大柴胡汤合茵陈蒿汤加减配合西药治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨大柴胡汤合茵陈蒿汤加减配合常规西药的方法治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法收集56例急性胆源性胰腺炎的患者,随机分为西药对照组(给予常规西药抑酸、抑制胰酶、抗感染、补液等治疗)和中西医结合治疗组(大柴胡汤合茵陈蒿汤加减配合常规西药治疗)各28例,比较两组患者的临床疗效、症状缓解时间,比较两组患者血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶、脂肪酶等实验室指标,并观测两组不良反应发生情况,运用SPSS16.5统计软件进行分析。结果经秩和检验分析,中西医结合治疗组比西药对照组疗效好,P<0.05;中西医结合治疗组腹胀缓解时间、腹痛缓解时间和首次排便时间较对照组显著缩短,经t检验P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;两组治疗前后血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶、脂肪酶、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白均显著下降,经t检验P<0.05;但比较中西医结合治疗组与西药对照组治疗后这些实验室指标,无显著性差异,经t检验P>0.05。结论大柴胡汤合茵陈蒿汤加减配合西药治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎可以有效改善急性胆源性胰腺炎患者的临床症状,缩短患者恢复时间,安全有效。     

柴芩承气汤早期内服与灌肠联合高强度综合疗法治疗重症急性胰腺炎临床研究

目的:探讨柴芩承气汤早期内服与灌肠联合高强度综合疗法治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的临床疗效。方法:选取84例SAP患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(给予西医高强度综合疗法治疗)和观察组(给予柴芩承气汤早期内服与灌肠+西医高强度综合疗法治疗),每组42例。比较两组患者治疗前后中医症候积分、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、相关症状改善时间、住院时间、血清学指标[血清淀粉酶(AMS)、白细胞(WBC)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、临床疗效及治疗后28 d并发症发生率。结果:观察组治疗后中医症候积分、APACHEⅡ评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组相关症状改善时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组血清AMS、WBC、IL-6及TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者临床疗效比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且联合组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:柴芩承气汤早期内服与灌肠联合高强度综合疗法治疗SAP可改善临床症状,抑制炎症反应,提高临床疗效,且可降低治疗后并发症发生率。     

Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Matricaria recutita L. (Chamomile) has been widely used in the Tunisian traditional medicine for the treatment of digestive system disorders. The present work aims to investigate the protective effects of chamomile decoction extract (CDE) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and oxidative stress in rats.

Methods

The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea method. In this respect, rats were divided into six groups: Control, Castor oil, Castor oil+Loperamide (LOP) and Castor oil+various doses of CDE. Animals were per orally (p.o.) pre-treated with CDE during 1 h and intoxicated for 2 or 4 h by acute oral administration of castor oil.

Results

Our results showed that CDE produced a significant dose-dependent protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestinal fluid accumulation. On the other hand, we showed that diarrhea was accompagned by an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Castor oil also increased gastric and intestinal mucosa hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and free iron levels. Importantly, we showed that chamomile pre-treatment abrogated all these biochemical alterations.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that chamomile extract had a potent antidiarrheal and antioxidant properties in rats confirming their use in traditional medicine.     

消炎利胆汤联合乌司他丁治疗重症急性胰腺炎肝胆湿热证临床研究

目的:探究消炎利胆汤联合乌司他丁(UTI)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肝胆湿热证的效果。方法:选取128例SAP患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,各64例。对照组采用UTI治疗,观察组采用自拟消炎利胆汤联合UTI治疗。连续治疗7 d后评估患者临床疗效及中医证候评分,检测血清炎症因子水平[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、内毒素及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)],评估患者胃肠道功能(GSRS量表),统计患者临床相关指标(腹胀、腹痛消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间,肠鸣音恢复时间及病死率)及药物不良反应。结果:观察组SAP患者总有效率为93.75%,高于对照组的79.69%(P<0.05);两组SAP患者治疗后主症、次症及总评分均降低,其中观察组SAP患者各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组SAP患者治疗后CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及内毒素水平均降低,sICAM-1水平升高,观察组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、内毒素及sICAM-1水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组SAP患者治疗后GSRS评分均...     

Typhonium flagelliforme induces apoptosis in CEMss cells via activation of caspase-9, PARP cleavage and cytochrome c release: Its activation coupled with G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The plant Typhonium flagelliforme (TF), commonly known as ‘rodent tuber’ in Malaysia, is often used as traditional remedy for cancer, including leukemia.

Aim of the study

We had previously identified morphologically that the linoleic acid rich fraction (DCM/F7) from the tubers of this plant induces selective anti-proliferative effects and apoptosis in CEMss cells. In this present study, we subjected the same DCM/F7 fraction to cell based activity analyses in order to determine the possible mechanism of cell death in leukemic CEMss cells in vitro.

Materials and methods

Extraction of Typhonium flagelliforme tuber has done and fractionation has been done by vacuum liquid column chromatography. The anti-proliferative activity was assayed using MTT and the apoptosis detection was done by Annexin V and DNA laddering assay. Colorimetric caspase assay and immunoblot analysis were employed to detect the expression of protein associated with cell death. Cell cycle analysis was done using flow cytometry.

Results

We found that the cancer inhibitory effect of the DCM/F7 fraction in CEMss cells was 3 ± 0.08 μg/ml (IC₅₀). An early apoptotic induction in CEMss cells was observed by Annexin V assay, which showed a clear dose-dependent DNA fragmentation being observed in gel electrophoresis at 10 and 20 μg/ml. The DCM/F7 fraction at 3 μg/ml significantly arrested CEMss cells at G0/G1 phase (p < 0.05). A constant but increasing pattern-related Sub-G0/G1 index was observed between 12 and 72 h treatment. In relation to this, we further investigated the biochemical events leading to cell death and found that the DCM/F7 fraction increased the cellular levels of caspase-3 and -9 on treated cells. Our results indicated that cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol increased gradually as the DCM/F7 concentration increases, which later lead to the subsequent cleavage of PARP in to 85 kDa fragments. On the contrary, Bcl-2 protein was found to decrease concomitantly during treatment.

Conclusions

Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the DCM/F7 fraction inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells, leading to the programmed cell death, which was confirmed to be through the mitochondrial pathway.     

中药自拟方对慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变模型大鼠胃黏膜组织中c-myc、caspase-3表达的影响

目的：研究中药自拟方对慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变模型大鼠胃黏膜组织中原癌基因c-myc、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3, caspase-3)表达的影响。方法将120只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组,模型组,自拟方大、中、小剂量组及胃复春组,每组20只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠制备慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变大鼠模型。造模成功后,自拟方大、中、小剂量组分别灌胃生药含量为2.088、1.044、0.522 g/ml的自拟汤药,胃复春组灌胃胃复春混悬液0.076 g/ml,给药量1 ml/100g大鼠;正常组、模型组灌胃等体积生理盐水。1次/d,连续给药12周。采用免疫组化染色法检测大鼠胃黏膜中原癌基因 c-myc、caspase-3的表达。结果与模型组比较,自拟方大、中剂量组与胃复春组c-myc[(30.25±3.56)%、(45.37±4.81)%、(38.79±4.02)%比(63.45±7.08)%]表达降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),caspase-3[(36.85±5.02)%、(31.24±4.55)%、(31.57±4.62)%比(23.43±2.95)%]表达升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。结论中药自拟方可抑制慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变大鼠胃黏膜中c-myc的表达,激活caspase-3,增加慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变的细胞凋亡。     

大黄附子汤对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠STAT3表达的影响

目的:探讨大黄附子汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠炎症反应及胰腺信号转导与转录激活因子(STAT3)表达的影响。方法:45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、SAP模型组、大黄附子汤组,每组15只。各组大鼠按造模后处置时间分为3、6、12h3个亚组,每亚组5只。采用5%牛黄胆酸钠胰胆管注射法制备SAP大鼠模型,实验前1h分别灌胃给予生理盐水或大黄附子汤,分别于术后3、6、12h取血,测定血清淀粉酶、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)水平,处死大鼠,取胰腺组织行HE染色检测胰腺病理改变,免疫组化染色检测(STAT3),p-STAT3蛋白表达。结果:大黄附子汤能显著降低SAP大鼠血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6水平,减轻胰腺炎细胞浸润及组织损伤,降低STAT3,p-STAT3蛋白表达。结论:大黄附子汤通过降低SAP大鼠TNF-α、IL-6水平,减少胰腺STAT3,p-STAT3蛋白表达,减轻胰腺过度的炎症反应,进而发挥保护胰腺作用。     

An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan protects against cerebral ischemia induced apoptosis in rats: Up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH), a Chinese traditional medicine, has been used for treatment of cerebral diseases for centuries in China and other Asian countries, and is approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of stroke. The aim of present study is to test the neuroprotective effects of AGNH on cerebral ischemia in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

75 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, ischemia–reperfusion (I/R), and I/R plus 0.065 g/kg/d AGNH, 0.125 g/kg/d AGNH and 0.25 g/kg/d AGNH. Cerebral ischemia was induced by 1.5 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological functional deficits were evaluated according to Zea longa?s score, cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining. Cell injury and apoptosis were assessed by Nissl staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot.

Results

Rats subjected to MCAO exhibited worsened neurological score, infarct area, cell damage and apoptosis. These were all attenuated by AGNH (0.125 and 0.25 g/kg/d). Moreover, AGNH reversed cerebral ischemia induced decreases in Bcl-2 expression and increases in Bax and caspase-3 expression.

Conclusions

These results suggest that AGNH exerts neuroprotective effects, and the neuroprotection is likely to relate to depressed Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 level, leading to inhibition of apoptotic cell death.     

育肾助孕方对卵巢储备功能降低大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞ERK1/2、JNK1/2蛋白活化的影响

目的:观察育肾助孕方对卵巢储备功能降低(DOR)大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞卵巢组织细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶1/2(JNK1/2)蛋白活化的影响,初步探讨其作用机制.方法:选择48只雌性SD大鼠随机分为六组:对照组、模型组、补佳乐组和育肾助孕方低、中、高剂量组,每组8只.除对照组以外,其...     

Beneficial effects of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis on the inflammatory response and abdominal hyperalgesia in rats with acute pancreatitis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (Fabaceae) is a plant found in the Northeast of Brazil that is popularly used to treat inflammation. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease for which abdominal pain is a relevant symptom. As there is no specific therapy for AP, we investigated the effect of the ethanol extract from the inner bark of C. pyramidalis (EECp) on the AP induced by common bile duct obstruction (CBDO) in rats.

Material and methods

AP was induced in male Wistar rats (200–250g, n=6–8) through laparotomy and subsequent CBDO. Animals were euthanized after 6 (G6h) or 24 h (G24h) of induction. In the G6h protocol, animals were pretreated with EECp (100–400 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (Tween 80; 0.2%) 1 h before CBDO or sham surgery. For the G24h protocol, rats were pretreated with EECp (400 mg/kg, 1 h before CBDO or 1 h before and 12 h after CBDO) or vehicle. The following parameters were measured: inflammatory/oxidative (myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde formation in the pancreas and lung, leukocyte counts in the blood and serum nitrate/nitrite), enzymatic (serum amylase and lipase levels) and nociceptive (abdominal hyperalgesia).

Results

Induction of AP by CBDO significantly increased all the parameters evaluated in both G6h and G24h protocols when compared with the respective sham group. In the G6h protocol, the EECp pretreatment (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced all these parameters, besides completely inhibiting abdominal hyperalgesia. The same profile of reduction was observed from two administrations of EECp in the G24h protocol, while one single dose of EECp was able to significantly reduce pancreatic MDA, serum lipase levels, leukocyte counts in the blood and abdominal hyperalgesia without affecting the other parameters in the G24h protocol. Furthermore, rutin was found in the EECp.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that EECp decreases inflammation, lipoperoxidation and hyperalgesia in CBDO-induced AP, making it of interest in future approaches to treat this condition.     

阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌癌前病变细胞凋亡关键因子Bcl-2、细胞色素C表达影响的机制研究

目的:观察阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌细胞株Bcl-2、细胞色素C的蛋白及基因表达的影响,研究阳和化岩汤治疗乳腺癌的作用机制。方法:将乳腺癌癌前病变细胞株随机分为阳和化岩汤组、拆方温阳组、拆方活血组、拆方化痰组、拆方解毒组、空白对照组、三苯氧胺组,通过Western blot、RT-PCR法分别检测七组乳腺癌癌前变细胞株Bcl-2、细胞色素C的蛋白及基因表达,观察阳和化岩汤对乳腺癌的作用效果。结果:与空白对照组比较,三苯氧胺组、阳和化岩汤组明显降低Bcl-2蛋白及mRNA表达(P<0.05),三苯氧胺组、阳和化岩汤组、化痰组、解毒组明显提高细胞色素C蛋白及mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论:阳和化岩汤可降低Bcl-2蛋白及mRNA表达,激活细胞色素C,加速癌细胞的凋亡,阻断相关通路活化,进而抑制癌变进程。