Neurotransmitter levels in brains of chronically Jiawey Siwu-treated rats

Levels of monoamines and metabolites, excitatory amino acids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated in discrete brain areas of chronic Jiawey Siwu (JS)-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally for 3 months with normal saline or JS at 0.21, 1.05 or 4.2 g/kg/day. Body weights of these four groups were similar over 3 months. Most effects of JS revealed a dose dependency with levels of neurotransmitters. Levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in cerebral cortex; EPI, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in medulla oblongata; DA in midbrain; NE and 5-HT in amygdala; and 5-HT in hypothalamus had decreased in JS-treated rats. 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) in cerebral cortex; 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in medulla oblongata; NE, 3-MT and homovanillic acid (HVA) in pons; EPI and 3-MT in midbrain; 3-MT and HVA in amygdala; 3-MT, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), HVA and 5-HIAA in cerebellum; HVA in hypothalamus; and DOPAC and HVA in hippocampus had all increased in JS-treated rats. In pons, 5-HT increased with low and decreased with high JS doses. Ratios of DA/3-MT in pons and midbrain; DA/HVA in pons and cerebellum; and 5-HT/5-HIAA in medulla oblongata, cerebellum and hypothalamus had decreased. Furthermore, aspartate (ASP) and glutamate (GLU) levels had decreased in cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus or amygdala, and increased in pons. GABA levels were reduced in cerebral cortex, and higher in medulla oblongata, pons, amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum of JS-treated rats. These results indicate that the synthesis and (or) metabolism of NE, DA, EPI and 5-HT, and the levels of ASP, GLU and GABA in rat brains were differentially regionally altered by JS, which may contribute to the central manifestations of JS treatment.     

解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制的初步研究

目的 :初步探讨解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制。 方法 :采用高剂量阿朴吗啡导致体温下降试验,5-羟色胺酸(5-HTP)诱导甩头行为试验以及高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定小鼠下丘脑、皮层、海马等脑内单胺类递质及其代谢产物含量。 结果 :解郁丸能显著拮抗高剂量阿朴吗啡所致小鼠体温下降;增加5-HTP诱导甩头行为。解郁丸单次和连续14 d给药,可提高下丘脑中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)与DA的代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙二醇(DOPAC)的比值;也可使皮层中5-HT,NE,5-HT的代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA),DOPAC含量升高,降低5-HT与5-HIAA及DA与DOPAC的比值;并可提高海马中5-HT与5-HIAA及DA与DOPAC的比值。解郁丸可使利血平化小鼠下丘脑中NE,5-HIAA,海马中5-HT,5-HIAA,DA与DOPAC的比值明显升高。 结论 :解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制可能与调节不同脑区的5-HT,NE等神经递质有关。单次和连续14 d给药可增加不同脑区5-HT,NE,DA的含量,连续14 d给药对利血平化所致不同脑区单胺类递质含量下降也有不同程度的翻转效应。     

Antidepressant-like effect of Tagetes lucida Cav. extract in rats: involvement of the serotonergic system

It has been demonstrated that the decoction of the aerial parts of Tagetes lucida Cav. produces an antidepressant effect during the forced swimming test (FST) in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different organic extracts and one aqueous extract of the aerial parts of T. lucida on the FST. In addition, the possible involvement of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of T. lucida in the FST was evaluated, as was its potential toxicological effect. The different extracts of T. lucida (methanol, hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous, 10 and 50 mg/kg), as well as fluoxetine (FLX, 5 mg/kg), were administered per os (p.o.) to rats for 14 days. All animals were subjected to the FST. Only the aqueous extract of T. lucida at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility behavior and increased swimming in the FST, similar to FLX. Later, the aqueous extract of T. lucida (50mg/kg) was administered for 1, 7 and 14 days. An antidepressant effect was observed after 7 days of treatment. To evaluate the participation of the serotoninergic system, the animals were pretreated with PCPA, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (100 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive days). The animals were treated with the aqueous extract of T. lucida (50 mg/kg) and FLX (5 mg/kg) 24 h after the final injection and were then subjected to the FST. Pretreatment with PCPA inhibited the antidepressant effect of both T. lucida and FLX. Finally, T. lucida was administered p.o. and intraperitoneal route to evaluate its acute toxicological effect. The aqueous extract of T. lucida, administered p.o., did not produce lethality or any significant changes in behavior. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of T. lucida manifested an antidepressant-like effect in the FST mediated by the serotonergic system, with no adverse effects when administered p.o.     

The antidepressant effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. on the forced-swimming test in rats

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The pharmacotherapy used in clinic today is not suitable for all patients and causes certain side-effects. Thus, looking for alternative treatments with antidepressant effect and minimal side-effect is important. Gastrodia elata Bl. is a famous Chinese traditional medicine used for centuries. The aim of this study is to test the antidepressant effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract (GE) using forced-swimming test (FST). Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control, GE, and fluoxetine groups, treated with 10 ml/kg bw (body weight) water, 1 g/kg bw of GE, and 15 mg/kg bw of fluoxetine, respectively. Those samples were administered by gavage to rats 23.5, 4.5 and 1 hour prior to the test session of FST. After FST, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected for monoamines analysis. The results indicated that the duration of immobility was significantly decreased in GE group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The concentration of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus were not significantly different between GE and the control groups. However, administration of GE significantly increased the dopamine (DA) concentration (p < 0.05) and decreased the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (p < 0.01) and DA turnover (p < 0.05) in striatum compared to the control. The results of this study show that Gastrodia elata Bl. extract modulates the turnover of DA in rats, and thus probably possesses antidepressant effect in rats.     

Antidepressant activity of standardised extract of Marsilea minuta Linn

AIM OF THE STUDY: Marsilea minuta Linn. (Marsileaceae) has been referred in Indian traditional medicine system (Ayurveda) for the treatment of insomnia and other mental disorders. Marsiline isolated from Marsilea minuta was reported to have sedative and anticonvulsant property. The ethanol extract of Marsilea minuta was standardised for marsiline (1.15%, w/w) and studied for its antidepressant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antidepressant activity was studied using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), learned helplessness test (LHT) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced head twitches response in rodents. Standardised extract of Marsilea minuta in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day were administered orally for three consecutive days and evaluated on day 3, 1h after the last dose treatment. Imipramine (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was used as the standard drug. Neurochemical mechanism of antidepressant activity was elucidated by using radioligand receptor binding assays for 5-HT2A and benzodiazepine receptors in rat frontal cortex. RESULTS: Immobility time in FST and TST was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by ethanol extract of Marsilea minuta treated animals. A decrease in number of escape failures in LHT was also observed in Marsilea minuta treated rats. Head twitch response induced by 5-HTP was significantly attenuated by Marsilea minuta (400 mg/kg, p.o.) and imipramine showing the involvement of serotonergic system. This effect was corroborated with radioligand receptor binding study where Marsilea minuta (400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P<0.05) down regulated 5-HT2A receptor in frontal cortex, whereas, no marked effect was observed for benzodiazepine receptor. CONCLUSION: The antidepressant effect exhibited by Marsilea minuta extract may be due to its effect on 5-HT2A density in rat frontal cortex.     

Hange-koboku-to, a Kampo medicine, modulates cerebral levels of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), NA (noradrenaline) and DA (dopamine) in mice

Cerebral monoamine systems play important pathogenic roles in various psychiatric and neurologic diseases, such as depression, anxiety and swallowing disturbance. Hange-koboku-to, a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, has been successfully used for the treatment of these disorders. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying its clinical efficacy for these disorders, the effects of Hange-koboku-to (500 mg/kg, p.o.) on the cerebral monoamine systems were examined. Regional levels of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), NA (noradrenaline), DA (dopamine) and their metabolites in mouse brain were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Hange-koboku-to increased the 5-HT and NA levels and decreased 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid), thus decreasing 5-HT and NA turnover (metabolites/monoamine ratio) in the hypothalamus. The levels of DA, DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and HVA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid) were all increased, resulting in a decreased DA turnover in the striatum. Since decreased 5-HT turnover has been observed after administration of various antidepressants, Hange-koboku-to-mediated reduction of 5-HT turnover may be related to the clinical efficacy of this Kampo medicine on certain psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the beneficial therapeutic effects of Hange-koboku-to on swallowing disturbance may be related to the increased cerebral DA level brought about by this Kampo medicine.     

Behavioural and biochemical effects of fractions prepared from Banxia Houpu decoction in depression models in mice

Banxia-houpu decoction is widely used in therapy for depression in China. The water-EtOH extract (WE-1) and chloroform-soluble fraction (WE-1-2) of Banxia-houpu decoction reduced the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST), the efficacy of the latter was higher than that of the former. The petroleum-soluble fraction (WE-1-1), ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (WE-1-3) and water-soluble fraction (WE-1-4) tended to possess antiimmobility effects in the TST. After a 21-day treatment, the potency of WE-1-2 was almost equivalent to that of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in the TST, but WE-1-2 showed a lower efficiency than fluoxetine in the FST. WE-1, as well as WE-1-3, was found to increase serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in mouse hippocampus and striatum, the activities of WE-1 and WE-1-3 were much stronger than that of fluoxetine. Moreover, WE-1-1, WE-1-2 and WE-1-4 significantly elevated 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels only in the striatum, the degrees of increase of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels were comparable to that of fluoxetine, which significantly enhanced the levels in all regions of animal brains. Neither fractions or fluoxetine affected norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels in the animal brains. It was found that WE-1, WE-1-2 and fluoxetine significantly decreased serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the study. These results provide evidence for a potential role of antidepressive activities in the therapeutic effects of the Banxia-houpu decoction.     

交泰丸对利血平诱导小鼠抑郁模型的影响

[目的]探讨交泰丸对利血平诱导小鼠抑郁模型的影响。[方法]采用小鼠强迫游泳实验(FST)、小鼠悬尾实验(TST)和小鼠利血平拮抗实验,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定小鼠海马和皮质组织中单胺类神经递质[去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)]含量的变化,探讨交泰丸的抗抑郁作用。[结果]交泰丸组方各剂量组均能明显减少FST和TST的不动时间,并且均能拮抗利血平诱导的小鼠眼睑下垂和体温下降,而且可以逆转NE和5-HT的减少以及降低5-HIAA的含量。[结论]交泰丸具有明显的抗抑郁作用,并且可以通过调节海马组织和皮质中NE和5-HT的含量而发挥抗抑郁作用。     

半夏厚朴汤抗抑郁活性部位的筛选

目的:筛选半夏厚朴汤的抗抑郁活性部位。方法:选用小鼠行为绝望模型评价抗抑郁作用;用荧光分光光度法测定单胺类神经递质。结果:半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)和其4个部位均不同程度地降低绝望模型中小鼠游泳和悬尾的不动时间,具有一定的时效关系。其中以半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)、石油醚提取物(AE-1)和水溶性部分(AE-4)最为显著,相互间无显著性差异。半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)可显著地提高纹状体中5-HT含量和皮层中NE含量,而对其他脑区中神经递质无显著性影响。石油醚提取物(AE-1)可显著地提高纹状体中5-HT含量和皮层中NE和DA含量,氯仿提取物(AE-2)能极显著地提高皮层中DA含量。结论:半夏厚朴汤具有抗抑郁作用,其活性成分主要分布在石油醚和水溶性部位。半夏厚朴汤可能是部分地通过对单胺类神经递质系统的整合而达到抗抑郁目的。     

舒肝方对心理应激肝郁大鼠神经生殖内分泌的作用

目的:探讨舒肝方(柴胡、芍药、枳壳等)对心理应激肝郁雌性大鼠神经生殖内分泌的影响。方法:以夹尾激怒法建立心理应激肝郁证大鼠模型,检测疏肝补肾中药对大鼠下丘脑垂体和血清NE、DA、5-HT、HVA、DOPAC、5-H IAA以及血清LH、FSH、E2、T、P、PRL水平。结果:模型大鼠下丘脑垂体NE减少,DA、5-HT及5-H IAA含量增加,血清FSH、LH、E2、P降低,NE、DA、5-HT、5-H IAA及T水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。舒肝补肾组血清P及LH水平明显升高;舒肝及舒肝补肾方均能升高模型大鼠下丘脑垂体NE及血清FSH、E2水平,降低下丘脑垂体DA、5-HT、5-H IAA及血清NE、5-HT、T水平;补肾方亦能抑制下丘脑垂体NE、血清FSH、P水平下降及下丘脑垂体与血清5-HT、血清NE、T水平升高。(P<0.05)。结论:心理应激状态下肝郁证雌性大鼠的神经生殖内分泌功能紊乱,舒肝补肾中药具有改善神经生殖内分泌功能的作用。     

Antidepressant-like effect of ethanol extract from Zuojin Pill,containing two herbal drugs of Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Evodiae,is explained by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter system in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a traditional Chinese medicinal decoction, contains two herbal drugs: Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. in the ratio of 6:1 (w/w). Previous pharmacological studies have shown that two herbs in ZJP have the antagonistic effects on catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal medullary cells. Furthermore, the alkaloids from the two herbs in ZJP may provide a protective effect for depression in individuals with a low expressing 5-HTT allele by increasing receptor concentration in serotonergic neurons. However, antidepressant effect has not been reported before and has not been fully clarified.

Aim of the study

The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant potential of ethanol extract from ZJP and its monoaminergic mechanism in mice.

Materials and methods

Seven alkaloids were determined from the ethanol extract of ZJP using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the gradient mobile phase. The ethanol extract from ZJP was used to evaluate the antidepressant potential in mice. Mouse models of depression including the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) were used to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract from ZJP. A possible mechanism was explored in the tests of antagonism of reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia, and 5-HTP induced head twitch response in mice. The contents of monoamine neurotransmitters including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) in hippocampus of mice and NE, 5-HT, dopamine (DA) in striatum of mice were determined by HPLC system with Electrochemical Detector (ECD).

Results

The results showed that intragastric administration of the ethanol extract from ZJP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (7.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of immobility in TST and FST. However, the effect was not dose-dependent. Ethanol extract from ZJP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) also increased the accumulative number of the 5-HTP-induced head twitch response in mice. The mice were treated with the ethanol extract from ZJP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (7.5 mg/kg), which could antagonize reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia, moreover, both of them could elevate the contents of NE, 5-HT in hippocampus as well as NE, 5-HT, DA in striatum significantly.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the ethanol extract from ZJP produced antidepressant-like effect and the possible mechanism, at least in part, is via the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system and 5-HT plays a major role.     

罗布麻叶浸膏对脑内单胺类递质含量及细胞膜流动性的影响

罗布麻叶浸膏可使脑内５－ＨＴ及ＤＡ含量升高,其水溶性成分可使５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ及ＤＡ 含量升高,而ＮＥ含量降低,醇溶性成分上述作用更为明显。提示罗布麻叶浸膏可能含有兴奋中枢 ５－ＨＴ神经元功能及抑制中枢肾上腺素神经元功能的化学物质,这些化学物质为水溶性及酸溶性。 脑神经细胞膜脂质流动性测定结果提示罗布麻叶浸膏水溶性部分可使膜流动性增加。     

罗布麻叶浸膏对脑内单胺类递质含量及细胞膜流动性的影响

罗布麻叶浸膏可使脑内５－ＨＴ及ＤＡ含量升高,其水溶性成分可使５－ＨＴ、５ＨＩＡＡ及ＤＡ含量升,而ＮＥ含量降低,醇溶性成分上述作用更为明显。     

罗布麻叶浸膏对脑内单胺类递质含量及细胞膜流动性的影响

罗布麻叶浸膏可使脑内5-HT及DA含量升高,其水溶性成分可使5-HT、5-HIAA及DA 含量升高,而NE含量降低,醇溶性成分上述作用更为明显。提示罗布麻叶浸膏可能含有兴奋中枢 5-HT神经元功能及抑制中枢肾上腺素神经元功能的化学物质,这些化学物质为水溶性及酸溶性。 脑神经细胞膜脂质流动性测定结果提示罗布麻叶浸膏水溶性部分可使膜流动性增加。     

越鞠丸提取物YJ-XCC1Z3抗抑郁作用研究

目的：观察越鞠丸提取物YJ-XCC1Z3用于抑郁症的实验治疗效果。方法：YJ-XCC1Z3分高、低剂量405,135 mg·kg^-1分别给予小鼠灌胃。采用自主活动测定仪,观测YJ-XCC1Z3对小鼠自主活动的影响；采用2种行为绝望模型小鼠悬尾试验和小鼠强迫游泳试验,观察YJ-XCC1Z3对小鼠不动时间的影响；采用利血平拮抗实验,观测YJ-XCC1Z3对小鼠体温及脑内单胺类神经递质代谢的作用；采用5-羟色胺酸(5-HTP)诱导小鼠甩头增强试验,观测YJ-XCC1Z3对小鼠甩头次数的影响。结果：YJ-XCC1Z3组小鼠的自主活动与对照组比较没有显著差异；YJ-XCC1Z3 405 mg·kg^-1能明显缩短小鼠强迫游泳不动时间与小鼠悬尾不动时间；YJ-XCC1Z3 405,135 mg·kg^-1均可显著拮抗利血平所致的小鼠体温下降；YJ-XCC1Z3 405 mg·kg^-1组可明显增加5-HTP诱导小鼠甩头总次数；YJ-XCC1Z3 405 ,135 mg·kg^-1均使5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)的含量增加,YJ-XCC1Z3 405 mg·kg^-1组可使多巴胺含量减少；YJ-XCC1Z3 135 mg·kg^-1使5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量增加,对高香草酸(HVA)和3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)的含量无影响；YJ-XCC1Z3 405, 135 mg·kg^-1均使5-HIAA／5-HT比值减少。结论：YJ-XCC1Z3可以改善小鼠抑郁状态的行为,具有一定的抗抑郁作用,并无精神运动兴奋作用。YJ-XCC1Z3可通过增加脑内5-HT, NE的含量而发挥抗抑郁作用,其中对5-HT的影响与YJ-XCC1Z3降低脑内5-HT的代谢有关。     

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??OBJECTIVE To abserve the antidepressant effect and mechanism of honokiol on acute and chronic stress mouse. METHODS Forced swimming model of acute stress (FST) and chronic stress mice model were used. The acute stress mouse were randomized into a control group, a fluoxetine group (3.3 mg??kg^-1), honokiol groups (2.5,5,10 mg??kg^-1). The chronic stress mouse were randomized into a blank group, a model group, a fluoxetine group(3.3 mg??kg^-1), honokiol groups (2.5,5,10 mg??kg^-1). Then, the immobility time of forced swimming, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 2,3- indole dioxygenase (IDO) contents in mouse brain tissue by Elisa Kit, and the expression of IDO mRNA in brain tissue used by quantitative real-time PCR were studied. RESULTS ??After acute stress, the immobility time of forced swimming in each treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the model group (P<0.05). The 5-HT content of fluoxetine and honokiol medium and high dose group was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The IDO content of honokiol high dose group was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05). ??After chronic stress, the immobility time of the model group were significantly higher than the blank group (P<0.01). The 5-HT content in brain tissue of the model group was significantly lower than that of the blank group (P<0.01), the IDO content in brain tissue and its expression level of mRNA increased comparing with the normal group (P<0.01). For each treatment group, the immobility time of forced swimming, IDO content and the expression level of IDO mRNA was significantly decreased, and the 5-HT content was significantly increased, comparing with the model group with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Honokiol can relieve the depression behavior of mouse and have certain antidepressant effect. The main mechanism may be associated with the increase of 5-HT, reduction of the tryptophan pathway enzyme IDO content and its gene expression level.     

青阳参总苷对慢性不可预知轻度应激大鼠的抗抑郁作用

目的:本研究评价了青阳参总苷(QYS)在慢性不可预知轻度应激(CUMS)大鼠模型上的抗抑郁活性,并通过研究其对大鼠脑内单胺神经递质浓度的影响探讨QYS的作用机制。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常组、模型组、氟西汀组和QYS低、中、高剂量组(0.625,2.5,10 mg·kg-1),每组9只。随机给予21 d不可预知刺激建立抑郁症模型,建模同时ig给予相应药物。造模结束后,采用旷场实验观察QYS对大鼠自主活动的影响,采用悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验观察QYS的抗抑郁作用,采用高效液相-电化学检测法测定大鼠脑内单胺递质去甲肾上腺素(NE),5-羟色胺(5-HT)及多巴胺(DA)的浓度。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠悬尾时间及大鼠强迫游泳的不动时间明显延长,自主活动时间明显减少;大鼠脑内额叶皮层中NE,5-HT及DA的浓度明显降低,均具有明显的统计学差异(P0.05,P0.01);与模型组比较,QYS(0.625,2.5,10mg·kg-1)能够显著缩短模型大鼠悬尾实验中的不动时间,QYS高剂量组显著缩短模型组大鼠强迫游泳实验中的不动时间,QYS在旷场实验中对模型组大鼠的自主活动无明显影响,QYS高剂量组显著升高模型组大鼠脑内额叶皮层中NE,5-HT及DA的浓度。结论:QYS高剂量对模型抑郁大鼠具有良好的抗抑郁活性,其抗抑郁作用机制可能是QYS提高了模型大鼠脑内额叶皮层NE及5-HT水平。     

Antidepressant evaluation of polysaccharides from a Chinese herbal medicine Banxia-houpu decoction

Banxia-houpu decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of depression. The present study confirmed that oral administration of polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction, exhibited a reduction in the immobility time in the tail suspension and in the forced swimming tests in mice in a time-dependent manner. This effect at a dose of 320 mg/kg was more potent than that at a dose of 640 mg/kg. The polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction were active in animal models of depression with comparable effects to known antidepressants. The oral administration of the polysaccharides at a low dose for 4 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the monoamine neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels in whole mouse brain, but produced no significant increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. The effect of polysaccharides on the brain neurotransmitter levels appeared to be quite different from the effect of fluoxetine, a serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor. The results indicate that the mode of action of polysaccharides from Banxia-houpu decoction in depression might be related to both 5-HT and DA systems.     

高度富集黄酮类成分的贯叶连翘提取物抗抑郁作用

目的探讨贯叶连翘提取物中高度富集的黄酮类成分的抗抑郁作用。方法采用小鼠强迫游泳实验、小鼠悬尾实验、开野实验和拮抗利血平所致的体温降低实验,分别以小鼠不动时间、自主活动数和体温下降值作为评价指标。结果在强迫游泳和悬尾实验中,40,80,160,240mg/kg剂量组贯叶连翘提取物均能显著缩短小鼠不动时间,20mg/kg剂量组无显著性差异;开野实验结果表明给药后小鼠的自主活动不同程度地减少;在利血平拮抗实验中,30,60,120mg/kg剂量组在3h,4h和5h各时间点体温下降值与模型对照组相比有显著性差异,240和480mg/kg两剂量组在各测定时间点体温下降值与模型对照组相比均有显著性差异。结论高度富集总黄酮的贯叶连翘提取物(弃除贯叶金丝桃素)有抗抑郁作用。     

Anti‐depressant Effects of Aqueous Extract from Acanthopanax senticosus in Mice

In this paper, the anti‐depressant effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) were studied using animal models of depression including the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. The anti‐depressive mechanism of ASE was explored by monitoring the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including 5‐hydroxytrylamine (5‐HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), as well as cAMP response element‐binding (CREB) protein expression in the whole brain of mice following the tail suspension test. Our results showed that intragastric administration of ASE at a dose of 2000 mg/kg for seven days significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test. These results indicate that ASE possesses antidepressant‐like properties. Pre‐treatment with 2000 mg/kg of ASE for seven days significantly elevated the levels of 5‐HT, NE, and DA in the whole brain of mice. Moreover, ASE at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg significantly up‐regulated the level of CREB protein. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti‐depressive mechanism of ASE may be mediated via the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system and CREB protein expression. Therefore, administration of ASE may be beneficial for patients with depressive disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.