小B细胞恶性淋巴瘤形态学和免疫组织化学研究

目的：探讨各种小B细胞恶性淋巴瘤的形态学、免疫表型特征及其鉴别诊断。方法：对15例小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤（SLL）、3例淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤（LPL）、36例滤泡性淋巴瘤（FL）、25例套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）、7例淋巴结边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤（MZL）和30例黏膜相关淋巴细胞型结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤（MALT－MZL）的石蜡切片进行HE形态学观察和CD5、CD10、CD23和cyclinD1等抗体的免疫组织化学分析。结果：各种小B细胞恶性淋巴瘤在组成细胞和组织结构上各具特征；免疫表型：SLL表达CD5（82％）和CD23（80％），FL表达CD10（87％），MCL表达cyclinD1（84％）和CD5（80％），MZL／MALT－MZL和LPL均不表达CD5、CD10、CD23和cyclinD1。结论：各种小B细胞恶性淋巴瘤均是独立疾病，各具形态学和免疫表型特征，结合HE形态学观察和CD5、CD10、CD23、cyclinD1等免疫组化分析有助于正确诊断和鉴别诊断。     

原发淋巴结套细胞淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的：探讨原发淋巴结套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）的临床病理与免疫组化特点。方法：收集6例淋巴结MCL,免疫组化ABC法确定肿瘤细胞特征,使用的抗体有CD45、CD20、CD79、CD45RO、CD30、CD68、TdT、CD43、CD5、cyclinD1、c-myc,IgD,IgM等。结果：光镜可将MCL分为4种亚型：套区型1例,结节型1例,弥漫型2例,母细胞化型2例。肿瘤细胞表达全B细胞标记,IgD CD43 ,cyclinD1(5/6),CD5(4/6) 。结论：MCL是一种具有特殊免疫表型的B细胞淋巴瘤,不同的组织学构型其预后可能不同,临床应与其它类型B细胞淋巴瘤鉴别,如淋巴结边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤（MZL）,滤泡性淋巴瘤（FL）及CLL／SLL等鉴别。     

脾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理学研究

目的 探讨脾脏非霍奇金淋巴瘤(SNHL)的形态学特点、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法 对39例SNHL进行形态学观察及免疫组化ABC法分析，使用抗体包括CD3、CD45RO、CD56、CD79α、CD20、CD68、Mac387、CD5、CD10、bcl—2、CD23、CD43、cyclinD1、IgM、IgD等。结果 39例SNHL中有B细胞淋巴瘤(BCL)24例，包括小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)4例，套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)4例，滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)5例，边缘区淋巴瘤(MZL)6例，弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL)5例，其中2例为大多叶核细胞淋巴瘤。T细胞淋巴瘤(TCL)11例，其中肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤2例，非特异性TCL9例。组织细胞性淋巴瘤4例。结论 脾脏淋巴瘤病理类型多样，掌握其形态学特征，熟悉各类型的免疫表型的异同点对诊断与鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

套细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征和细胞周期蛋白D1在诊断中的意义

目的 观察套细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理学特征及细胞周期蛋白D1染色在诊断中的意义。方法 对8例淋巴结套细胞淋巴瘤作临床病理观察及随访,LSAB法做免疫表型分析（CD45RO、CD5、CD20、细胞周期蛋白D1、Ki-67、bcl-2）。结果 患者年龄43-78岁（平均年龄57岁）,男女3：1。组织学特点为：（1）淋巴结结构破坏并被单一的淋巴样细胞所取代,淋巴细胞以套区增生性、结节性、弥漫性三种模式增生。（2）淋巴样细胞核有一定的不规则性,染色质中等致密,核分裂象少见,类似中心细胞。其中有3例转变为高度侵袭性的母细胞样变型。所有的病例都呈cyclinD1与bcl-2阳性、CD20阳性、CD45RO阴性、CD5阳性。结论 套细胞淋巴瘤有其特征的形态改变及免疫表型。根据组织病理学特征及cyclin D1阳性,可与其它类型的小B细胞淋巴瘤相鉴别。套细胞淋巴瘤的母细胞样变型也应当与其它变型区别。     

淋巴瘤样肉芽肿型大B细胞淋巴瘤

目的 探讨淋巴瘤样肉芽肿型大B细胞淋巴瘤(原名淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病，lymphomatoid granulomatosis，LYG)的病理形态特征、病变性质及鉴别诊断要点。方法 对l例LYG的组织形态学、免疫组织化学、EBV原位分子杂交(EBER)结合临床特征进行了分析。结果 l例63岁男性患者，临床上表现为多系统多器官性病变，主要累及肺，表现为双肺内境界清楚的圆形结节，呈孤立性或弥漫性分布，并出现多发性皮下结节，发热、体重减轻、全身无力等症状。皮下结节活检示多个肉芽肿样结构，细胞形态多样，见组织样细胞、非典型淋巴样细胞、小淋巴细胞、浆细胞及散在多核巨细胞，可见一血管壁有淋巴样细胞浸润，未见明显中心粒细胞，可见核分裂象。肺部穿刺组织示弥漫淋巴样细胞浸润，并见灶性坏死，免疫表型示瘤细胞呈CD20 ，CD79α ，CD43 ,CD3-,GraB-，EBV散在 ，CK-，Syn-，原位杂交示EBER 。结论 本例LYG是一种罕见的淋巴瘤样肉芽肿型大B细胞性淋巴瘤，与EBV相关。临床与影像学上与Wegener肉芽肿相似。肺部出现结节状病灶时，临床上易与结核、肉芽肿病、肺癌及炎性假瘤等相混淆，病理上须与结核、非特异性肉芽肿病、结外的外周T细胞淋巴瘤等相鉴别，形态学、免疫表型结合临床特征可明确诊断。     

ALK阳性的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤

目的 探讨间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)阳性的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的组织病理形态和免疫组化表达的意义。方法 参照WHO2001年恶性淋巴瘤分类,对222例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤进行形态学观察和免疫组化Polymer两步法标记。结果 6例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫组化ALK阳性表达,阳性反应物质定位于细胞质内,成粗大的颗粒状,1例合并CD30阳性表达,全部表达B系列抗原CD20、CD79α和CD138,4例不表达CD45。组织病理形态：3例为浆母细胞性,2例为免疫母细胞性伴浆细胞样分化,1例为间变性。结论 ALK阳性的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤是组织形态和免疫表型独特的变异类型,与CLTC—ALK基因易位和NPM—ALK融合基因易位有关,其分子遗传学的异质性不同于以往的认识。     

散发性Burkitt淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的 探讨散发性Burkitt淋巴瘤(BL)的临床病理和免疫表型特征。方法 对6例散发性BL病例进行了光镜、免疫组化及原位分子杂交检测，再结合临床特征进行临床病理分析。结果 6例散发性BL中，男性5例，女性1例；其中青少年占4例。4例表现为颌下包块，2例表现为颈部包块。光镜下BL瘤细胞呈弥漫一致的中等大细胞，常伴有“星空现象”和多量的核碎片，易见核分裂象。免疫表型：瘤细胞示CD20 和(或)CD79α ，Ki-67卅，bcl-2、TdT和MPO均一；原位杂交显示EBER (1／3例)。结论 散发性BL属高度恶性淋巴瘤，镜下瘤细胞表现为弥漫一致的中等大细胞，染色质粗，可见少量胞质，核分裂及核碎片多见；常伴“星空现象”；免疫组化示B细胞性，Ki-67接近100％。BL主要应与淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤、髓性白血病及非淋巴造血系统小细胞恶性肿瘤等相鉴别。     

儿童腹腔非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理及免疫表型分析

目的 探讨儿童腹腔原发性非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理、免疫表型与EBER特征及其病理诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 按WHO(2008年)淋巴瘤分类标准分析74例儿童腹腔原发性非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理资料,制备组织芯片,进行免疫组织化学SP法染色,EBER原位杂交和c-myc基因荧光原位杂交,观察CD20、CD79a、CD3、CD10、bcl-6、MUM1、bcl-2、CD43、CD38和Ki-67蛋白的表达和EBER表达特征,并区分伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)和介于BL和DLBCL之间的不能分类的B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL/BL)病理类型,在DLBCL中再区分其生发中心B细胞型(GCB)和非生发中心B细胞型(non-GCB)的分化特征.结果 儿童腹腔非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤中BL为65例(87.8%),DLBCL为4例(5.4%),DLBCL/BL为5例(6.8%).临床以腹痛、腹部包块、肠梗阻及肠套叠为主要发病症状.BL免疫组织化学表达CD20(65例)、CD79a(65例)、CD10(63例)、bcl-6(62例)、MUM1(15例)、CD43(46例)和CD38(63例);不表达CD3、bcl-2;27例(41.6%)EBER阳性;54例(93.0%)c-myc基因位点断裂.DLBCL免疫组织化学表达CD20(4例)、CD79a(4例)、CD10(3例)、bcl-6(2例)、MUM1(2例)、bcl-2(3例)、CD43(2例)、CD38(2例);不表达CD3;其中2例GCB,2例non-GCB;EBER阴性;1例c-myc基因位点断裂.DLBCL/BL免疫组织化学表达CD20(5例)、CD79a(5例)、CD10(5例)、bcl-6(4例)、MUM1(3例)、CD43(5例)、CD38(3例),不表达CD3和bcl-2;4例EBER阴性;3例c-myc基因位点断裂.结论 儿童腹腔非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤具有侵袭性生长的特点,以BL为主要病理类型.临床以腹痛、腹部包块、肠梗阻及肠套叠为主要发病症状,主要累及回盲部肠组织及周围系膜淋巴结,病理形态、免疫表型、EBER、c-myc基因的检测对BL、DLBC及DLBCL/BL淋巴瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要作用.     

灰区淋巴瘤的临床病理分析

目的 探讨灰区淋巴瘤(grey zone lymphoma,GZL)的概念、临床及病理组织学特征.方法 应用光镜观察及免疫组化染色对2例纵隔GZL的病例进行临床病理学分析,同时复习相关文献.结果 例1组织学形态提示纵隔大B细胞性淋巴瘤(PMBL),CD20+,但免疫表型呈经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(CHL)的特点,表达CD15和CD30;病例2组织学提示结节硬化型CHL,但免疫表型提示为DLBCL,CD20+,CD30+.结论 GZL是一种独特类型的淋巴瘤,存在两种形式,一种是组织学形态提示PMBL,但免疫表型呈CHL的特点,另一种是组织学提示CHL,但免疫表型提示为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL).两种过渡型病变具有连续性,难以区分CHL和PMBL.     

伴浆细胞分化的滤泡性淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的分析伴浆细胞分化的滤泡性淋巴瘤(follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation,FLPD)的病理、免疫表型和细胞遗传学特点。方法利用HE染色、免疫组化和基因重排方法观察1例FLPD,并复习文献。结果光镜下肿瘤细胞呈大小不等的结节或滤泡样排列,部分区域弥漫分布。结节或滤泡部分由中心细胞和中心母细胞组成,其余大部分区域是由核偏位,胞质丰富的浆细胞或浆样细胞组成,核内包涵体(Dutcher小体)易见,胞质内包涵体(Russell小体)也可见。免疫组化:CD20,CD43,CD79α,CD138,bcl-6,bcl-2 ,CD10-,CD30-,cyclin D1-,瘤细胞Ki-67增殖指数40%。IgH基因重排。随访15个月未见复发和转移。结论FLPD的免疫表型和细胞遗传特征同一般的FL,需与淋巴结反应性增生和其他类型淋巴瘤鉴别。     

CD5- mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) typically expresses B-cell antigens and CD5 and overexpresses bcl-1 protein. However, unusual cases of bcl-1+ and CD5-MCL have been observed, posing a practical challenge for correct diagnosis and management. We identified 25 cases (48 samples) of bcl-1+ and CD5- lymphoma. CD5 expression was assessed by flow cytometric analysis alone (1 case), immunohistochemical analysis alone (17 cases), or dual flow cytometric/immunohistochemical methods (7 cases). The morphologic features were consistent with MCL with centrocytic cytomorphology in 20 cases and blastic variant in 5 cases. The t(11;14) was confirmed in 8 of 11 cases by fluorescence in situ hybridization of paraffin-embedded tissue. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the t(11;14) within a complex karyotype in 2 additional cases. These data show that MCL may lack CD5 expression. Evaluation of bcl-1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis or molecular genetics may be indicated if MCL is suspected clinically or morphologically despite a lack of CD5 expression.     

Expression of transmembrane adaptor protein PAG/Cbp in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: immunohistochemical study of 73 cases

PAG/Cbp is a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in proximal immune signaling. It is expressed in reactive germinal centers (GC) of secondary lymphatic follicles and related malignant lymphomas. We studied PAG/Cbp expression in GC-like and non-GC-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes. Seventy-three cases of DLBCL identified among 155 malignant lymphomas were classified as GC-like DLBCL (CD10+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, and MUM1-) and non-GC-like DLBCL (CD10-, MUM1+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, MUM1+). PAG/Cbp was detected by monoclonal antibody MEM-255 following routine immunohistochemical procedures. Thirty-five of 40 GC-like DLBCLs (88%) and 20 of 33 non-GC-like DLBCL cases (61%) expressed PAG/Cbp. Four of 12 bcl-6-negative non-GC-like DLBCL cases (33%) were PAG/Cbp positive, and only 4 of 20 bcl-6-positive non-GC-like DLBCL cases (25%) were PAG/CBP negative. All 37 FL and all 5 Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) expressed PAG/Cbp, whereas all 6 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) and 4 of 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL/SLL) were PAG/Cbp negative. PAG/Cbp is a reliable GC marker. Its expression correlates with GC-like DLBC phenotype in a significant majority of cases. It is typically absent in MCL and SLL/CLL.     

胃肠道多发性淋巴瘤性息肉

对３例胃肠道多发性淋巴瘤性息肉病例进行了组织学及免疫组织化学分析。１例肿瘤细胞为中等大小，胞浆淡且透明伴显著核分裂，ＬＮ１染色显示胞状内点阳性，可见典型的上皮区域浸润象，推测其来源于ｍａｒｇｉｎａｌ ｚｏｎｅ ｃｅｌｌ（ＭＺＣ），为ｍｕｃｏｓａ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｌｙｍｐｈｏｉｄ ｔｉｓｓｕｅ淋巴瘤。２例肿瘤细胞中等大小，核近似圆形伴轻度陷凹，ＬＮ１染色肿瘤细胞阴性，ＬＮ２染色细胞核膜强阳性，     

Large cell variants of CD5+, CD23- B-cell lymphoma/leukemia

CONTEXT: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and its leukemic phase, constitute a well-studied hematologic malignancy with known overall survival, prognostic indicators, morphologic findings at diagnosis and in bone marrow, and known incidence of the bcl-1 immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Large cell variants of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with a mantle cell immunophenotype (CD5+, CD23-), including but not limited to blastic MCL, prolymphocytoid MCL, blastic mantle cell leukemia, and prolymphocytic mantle cell leukemia, are not as well characterized. Although blastic MCL is known to be associated with a shorter overall survival than conventional MCL, the large cell variants of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with a mantle cell immunophenotype have not been described as fully as conventional MCL. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to describe the large cell variants of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with a mantle cell immunophenotype. DESIGN: Nineteen cases of large cell variants of CD5+, CD23- B-cell lymphoma/leukemia are reviewed and described in regard to morphology, bone marrow morphological findings, Cyclin D1 immunostaining, and bcl-1 analysis. Clinical data were not available owing to the varied clinical sources of the specimens. SETTING: Tertiary-care academic institution. RESULTS: Lymph node involvement in blastic CD5+, CD23- B-cell lymphoma was diffuse (100%) with a nodular component (33%) or focal mantle zone pattern (10%). Bone marrow involvement in blastic CD5+, CD23- B-cell lymphoma was seen in only 27% of cases and was composed predominantly of small, slightly irregular lymphocytes. Cyclin D1 was demonstrated in 60% of the 15 cases analyzed and more sensitive in B5-fixed tissue. Bcl-1 (performed in 5 cases) was not detected in the 4 cases of blastic CD5+, CD23- B-cell lymphoma analyzed and was detected in the case of the prolymphocytoid MCL. Cyclin D1 was demonstrated in all 4 bcl-1 negative cases and was negative in the bcl-1 positive prolymphocytoid MCL. CONCLUSION: Careful analysis of clinical data, morphology, immunophenotype, Cyclin D1 expression, and molecular analysis are required to differentiate the unusual large cell variants of MCL from other processes.     

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract is a heterogenous group that includes mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: analysis of somatic mutation of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene variable region.

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is characterized by multiple polyps involving long segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. MLP is thought to represent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the GI tract; however, some cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) of the GI tract are found with a multiple polypoid appearance. In the present study, to clarify the cellular origin of MLP, clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement of four cases with MLP was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for the presence of somatic mutation. The IgH variable (VH) region sequences of three cases (CD5+ CD10- cyclin D1+) showed a little somatic mutation compared with the closest published germline. The other case (CD10+ CD5- cyclin D1-) was highly mutated and showed intraclonal heterogeneity (ongoing somatic hypermutation). These data indicate that three of the cases with MLP are derived from pregerminal center B cells (mantle zone B cells) and one case with MLP from germinal center B cells. Our study suggests that MLP is a heterogenous group that includes MCL and FL.     

Synchronous primary gastric mantle cell lymphoma and early gastric carcinoma: a case report

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) commonly invades the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, primary GI MCL is rare. We experienced a case of synchronous early gastric cancer (EGC) with primary gastric MCL found as a single early lesion rather than as multiple lymphomatous polyposis.

An EGC was found in the cardia of a 64-year-old male on a routine GI endoscopic examination. A specimen obtained by total gastrectomy revealed another slightly elevated lesion in the pylorus. Microscopically, monotonous small- to medium-sized atypical lymphocytes with angulated nuclei formed a mass beneath the gastric mucosa. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells revealed strong positivity for cyclin D1, positivity for both CD20 and bcl-2, and weak positivity for CD5, suggesting MCL. Clinically, there was no lymphoma in any other part of the body.

This is the first case of an EGC accompanying a primary gastric MCL. Further investigation of a relationship between MCL and EGC and of factors that may affect GI involvement of MCL is necessary.     

B-cell lymphomas with coexpression of CD5 and CD10

Coexpression of CD5 and CD10 is highly unusual in B-cell lymphomas and may pose a diagnostic challenge. We report 42 cases of B-cell lymphoma with simultaneous expression of CD5 and CD10. They made up approximately 0.4% of all B-cell lymphomas seen during the study period and included the following cases: large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), 14 (33%); follicular lymphoma (FL), 10 (24%); mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 9 (21%); chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 4 (10%); acute precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, 2 (5%); and other low-grade B-cell lymphomas, 3 (7%). All MCLs had overexpression of bcl-1 or the t(11;14) and were CD43+. All FLs had typical histomorphologic features and were bcl-2+ and bcl-6+ but CD43-. Of 14 LBCLs, 5 were histologically high-grade. Six (43%) of 14 patients with LBCL died within 10 months of diagnosis of CD5+CD10+ lymphoma (median survival, 4 months), including all 3 patients with stage IV disease and 2 of 5 with histologically high-grade lymphoma. Our findings indicate that coexpression of CD5 and CD10 is rare but occurs in diverse subtypes of B-cell lymphoma. Investigation of bcl-1, bcl-6, and CD43 and morphologic evaluation may resolve the potential confusion in diagnosis and lead to the recognition of the correct lymphoma subtype.     

An uncommon case of de novo CD10+ CD5? mantle cell lymphoma mimics follicle center B cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B-cell lymphoma characterized by expression of CD5, overexpres-sion of Cyclin D1 as a result of chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), and poor prognosis. Cases of MCL lacking CD5 expression as well as cases with coexpression of CD5 and CD10 have also been reported. Here we describe an uncommon case of de novo MCL with expression of CD10, but not CD5, mimicking lymphoma of germinal center-derived B cells. The lymphoma cells in this case demonstrated a diffuse pattern of proliferation, and were strongly positive for Cyclin D1 by immunohistochemical stain. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) involving BCL1, but not chromosomal translocations involving C-MYC or BCL2, confirming the diagnosis of MCL. This case further highlights the importance of comprehensive immunopheno-typic and genetic characterization in the diagnosis and classification of B-cell lymphomas.