55例冠心病心血瘀阻证病人面部光电血流容积检测分析

目的通过检测冠心病心血瘀阻证人面部光电血流容积指标,探讨其病理特征与机制。方法应用GD—3型光电血流容积面诊仪与Pclab生物机能系统匹配,检测55例冠心病心血瘀阻证病人与72名健康人额部、左颊、右颊、鼻头、下颏的血流容积指标情况。结果冠心病心血瘀阻证组较之健康对照组波幅指标Hd,He,Hf降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;血管弹力系数（Hd/Hb）、心搏输出系数[（Tae-Tab）/Tag]、血管张力系数（Hf/Hb）降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而外周阻力系数（He/Hb）、血管硬度系数（Tw/Tag）明显增高（P〈0.05）。结论冠心病心血瘀阻证病人面部光电血流容积指标在一定程度上反映了其病理特点,特别是外周阻力增加与心输出量减少是其基本病理特征之一,这为临床辨证和鉴别诊断提供了客观量化的指标。     

心血管成像技术的现状及展望

心脏成像技术在多个不同领域都得到了广泛应用 ,目前心脏内科的临床诊断已高度依赖于成像技术。基于计算机断层技术和磁共振成像技术的二维、三维成像技术的提高 ,使其能更好地反映心脏解剖及心脏功能 ;超声成像 ,其在血管内的应用已使它成为心脏血管内治疗的一部分 ;心肌核素灌注成像技术 ,包括单光子发射断层成像（SPECT）、正电子发射断层成像 （PET） ,在基础研究及临床应用中 ,已逐渐成为反映心脏血流及代谢功能的重要技术。     

影像学技术在门脉高压症诊治中的应用

影像学诊断有直观、准确的优点，尤其是ＣＴ、常规ＭＲＩ、ＭＲＩ血管造影等新影像学方法的建立，使门脉高压症时血流动力学改变的某些动态指标也能够观察或测量。同时，影像学技术还能监测各种治疗前后门脉血流的变化，评价治疗效果；另外，影像学技术在各种介入治疗中也...     

高血压病人做等长收缩运动时血管紧张素1受体阻断剂与钙通道阻断剂的血流动力学效果

该文研究缬沙坦与氨氯地平对高血压病人做等长收缩运动时，前臂血循环的血流动力学变化。24名高血压病人进行双盲、交叉研究。左前臂血流用阻力血管容积描记法测定，手指动脉扩张性用压电血管容积描记计测定。血管阻力以MBP／血流计算。研究在基础状态（TO）与用药（缬沙坦160mg／d或氨氯地平10mg／d）8d后测定在静息状态，手握力器（等长收缩）后进行。     

彩色多普勒对肝硬化病人服用硝苯吡啶前后门脉血流动力学改变的研究

彩色多普勒超声仪对门脉血流动力学的检测，能正确地测量出门脉血管内径、流速和血流量，评估血管活性药物对肝硬化门脉血流动力学的影响。我们于１９９５年１０月至１９９６年１０月运用彩色多普勒超声仪对３２例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者检测舌下含服硝苯吡啶前后门脉血流动...     

冠脉内超声和多普勒在X综合征中的应用

血管内超声显象是以导管为基础的超声技术，能安全，准确地评价血管形态；血管内多普勒血流测定可用来评价冠状动脉功能。     

中医全自动脉象诊疗仪的脉理分析与设计构思

通过中医脉象研究中对脉位、脉数、脉形、脉势的分析，运用现代压力电压转换原理和电子计算机技术相联体，经五单元传感探头对脉象进行三维认证，以脉膊波峰的有无，峰距的远近，波峰的高低，峰底的宽窄准确地实现了中医脉象研究中的客观规范量化。     

冠脉内超声和多普勒在X综合征中的应用

血管内超声显象是以导管为基础的超声技术,能安全、准确地评价血管形态;血管内多普勒血流测定可用来评价冠状动脉功能.     

血管仿真形态计量技术在心血管病理方面的应用价值

血管是个中空的器官，离体后随着血液的流失，加之血管本身的弹性回缩，使离体血管腔的容积、内径和外径等明显不同于在体内时的状态。所以用目前针对一般实质器官的形态计量方法，均不适用于离体血管的形态计量，而要用离体血管的仿真形态计量技术才能使测量结果真正反映血管的生活状态。　　我们在作了多年离体血管仿真形态计量的理论、微机实现技术以及它在临床病理方面应用价值等探索后，认为对形态规则血管来说，真正意义上的仿真形态计量，在目前通用的病理制样技术完成的切片上是可以达到的，并在此基础上还开发出一套“心血管仿真形…     

消化道粘膜血流的图像处理

近年来，在国外发达国家，尤其在日本，已把先进的计算机图像处理技术应用于消化道粘膜血流的研究，通过计算机对消化道粘膜血流二维图像的分析，使粘膜机能信息图像化，并进行了消化道溃疡治愈速度的预测，然而我国在这方面的研究却刚刚起步。本文结合国内外相关文献将这...     

High-throughput single-microparticle imaging flow analyzer

Optical microscopy is one of the most widely used diagnostic methods in scientific, industrial, and biomedical applications. However, while useful for detailed examination of a small number (< 10,000) of microscopic entities, conventional optical microscopy is incapable of statistically relevant screening of large populations (> 100,000,000) with high precision due to its low throughput and limited digital memory size. We present an automated flow-through single-particle optical microscope that overcomes this limitation by performing sensitive blur-free image acquisition and nonstop real-time image-recording and classification of microparticles during high-speed flow. This is made possible by integrating ultrafast optical imaging technology, self-focusing microfluidic technology, optoelectronic communication technology, and information technology. To show the system’s utility, we demonstrate high-throughput image-based screening of budding yeast and rare breast cancer cells in blood with an unprecedented throughput of 100,000 particles/s and a record false positive rate of one in a million.     

Bronchoscopy for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer

Bronchoscopy is an invaluable tool utilized for the diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer. Advancements in computer technology and engineering have allowed for the emergence of newer modalities to evaluate endobronchial, parenchymal, and mediastinal pathology. Established techniques such as white light video bronchoscopy and its ancillary procedures (forceps biopsy, brush biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial washings, and transbronchial needle aspiration) are discussed here, with their accuracy described in relation to tumor location, size, and type. Newer technologies such as autofluorescence bronchoscopy, narrow band imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, endobronchial ultrasound, electromagnetic navigation, optical coherence tomography, and confocal fluorescent laser microscopy are introduced and put into perspective. Special emphasis has been placed on their role in the early detection and staging of lung cancer. Some technology requires further study to delineate its role in the disease, whereas other modalities are emerging as the new gold standard in evaluation of lung cancer. The future holds great promise with further miniaturization of equipment and improvements in computer processing power that may allow for in vivo pathological evaluation of abnormal tissue.     

Laparoscopic diagnosis of stenosing eosinophilic jejuno-ileitis

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis of unknown origin could be isolated or integrated in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Clinical expression is variable since the lesion may affect any area of the gastrointestinal tract and any layer of the wall. EXEGESIS: A 25-year-old male patient had digestive symptoms such as peritoneal, obstructive and diarrheal signs, associated with blood eosinophilia, giving evidence for eosinophilic jejuno-ileitis. Computer tomography revealed an extensive obstruction of the jejuno-ileum and thickening of the intestinal wall. The diagnosis was obtained using laparoscopy and controlled wedge biopsy, which showed a predominantly external infiltration of the intestinal wall by eosinophils. The disease evolution was favorable with corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: Worrying and persistent digestive symptomatology, associated with blood eosinophilia, particularly when intestinal wall infiltration is revealed by computer tomography, should lead one to perform a laparoscopy to guide a surgical biopsy of the intestinal wall.     

Informed decision-making before changing to RDT: a comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic test and molecular techniques for the diagnosis and identification of malaria parasites in Kassala, eastern Sudan

Objectives Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are promoted for the diagnosis of malaria in many countries. The question arises whether laboratories where the current method of diagnosis is microscopy should also switch to RDT. This problem was studied in Kassala, Sudan where the issue of switching to RDT is under discussion. Methods Two hundred and three blood samples were collected from febrile patients suspected of having malaria. These were subsequently analysed with microscopy, RDT (SD Bioline P.f/P.v) and PCR for the detection and identification of Plasmodium parasites. Results Malaria parasites were detected in 36 blood samples when examined microscopically, 54 (26.6%) samples were found positive for malaria parasites by RDT, and 44 samples were positive by PCR. Further analysis showed that the RDT used in our study resulted in a relatively high number of false positive samples. When microscopy was compared with PCR, an agreement of 96.1% and k = 0.88 (sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 100%) was found. However, when RDT was compared with PCR, an agreement of only 81.2 and k = 0.48 (sensitivity 69% and specificity 84%) was found. Conclusion PCR has proven to be one of the most specific and sensitive diagnostic methods, particularly for malaria cases with low parasitaemia. However, this technique has limitations in its routine use under resource‐limited conditions, such as our study location. At present, based on these results, microscopy remains the best option for routine diagnosis of malaria in Kassala, eastern Sudan.     

Deterministic hydrodynamics: taking blood apart

We show the fractionation of whole blood components and isolation of blood plasma with no dilution by using a continuous-flow deterministic array that separates blood components by their hydrodynamic size, independent of their mass. We use the technology we developed of deterministic arrays which separate white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets from blood plasma at flow velocities of 1,000 microm/sec and volume rates up to 1 microl/min. We verified by flow cytometry that an array using focused injection removed 100% of the lymphocytes and monocytes from the main red blood cell and platelet stream. Using a second design, we demonstrated the separation of blood plasma from the blood cells (white, red, and platelets) with virtually no dilution of the plasma and no cellular contamination of the plasma.     

Bacteremia in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus: A prospective, cohort study

Background  

Bacterial infections complicate the course of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the bacterial pathogens causing blood stream infection, identify the risk factors for the development of blood stream infection and determine the impact of blood stream infection on the outcome of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.     

A new AR interaction paradigm for collaborative teleassistance system: the POA

In this paper, we propose a prototype of a (collaborative) teleassistance system for mechanical repairs based on Augmented Reality (AR). This technology is generally used to implement specific assistance applications for users, which consist of providing all the information, known as augmentations, required to perform a task. For teletransmission applications, operators are equipped with a wearable computer and a technical support expert can accurately visualize what the operator sees thanks to the teletransmission of the corresponding video stream. Within the framework of remote communication, our aim is to foster collaboration, especially informal collaboration, between the operator and the expert in order to make teleassistance easier and more efficient. To do this we rely on classical repair technologies and on collaborative systems to introduce a new human-machine interaction: the Picking Outlining Adding interaction (POA interaction). With this new interaction paradigm, technical information is provided by directly Picking, Outlining and Adding information to an item in an operator’s video stream.     

Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiology

Digital radiography offers several important advantages over conventional systems, including abilities for image manipulation, transmission, and storage. In the long term, however, the unique ability to apply artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection and quantitation of disease may have an even greater impact on radiologic practice. Although CAD is still in its infancy, the results of several recent studies clearly indicate a major potential for the future. The concept of using computers to analyze medical images is not new, but recent advances in computer technology together with progress in implementing practical digital radiography systems have stimulated research efforts in this exciting field. Several facets of CAD are presently being developed at the University of Chicago and elsewhere for application in chest radiology as well as in mammography and vascular imaging. To date, investigators have focused on a limited number of subjects that have been, by their nature, particularly suitable for computer analysis. There is no aspect of radiologic diagnosis that could not potentially benefit from this approach, however. The ultimate goal of these endeavors is to provide a system for comprehensive automated image analysis, the results of which could be accepted or modified at the discretion of the radiologist.     

A case of Salmonella-infected thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm making final diagnosis difficult

We report a case of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) due to Salmonella Enteritidis making final diagnosis difficult. A 63-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cerebral infarction was seen elsewhere for a 40 degrees C fever, vomiting, and shaking on day 1 after onset. He was diagnosed with Salmonella bacteremia and hospitalized by us for intensive care. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound imaging did not, however, show critical findings of aneurysm, endocarditis, or osteomyelitis, and laboratory testing suggest significant inflammatory symptoms. He did not respond to antibiotics, but had an intermittent low fever during the first hospitalization. On day 48 after onset during the second hospitalization, abdominal CT showed an aneurysm -3 cm in diameter in the thoracoabdominal aorta above the renal artery- small enough to have been missed in earlier diagnosis. Surgery and TAAA graft replacement were done on day 64. Bacterial culture of the graft showed no Salmonella growth due to long-term in vivo antibiotic exposure. He recovered without significant complications, with oral ciprofloxacin antibiotic therapy continued to the present. This case indicates the importance of an early diagnosis through continuous blood culture and imaging for Salmonella sp blood stream infection.     

软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者血清一氧化氮、内皮素的影响

目的：观察软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清一氧化氮（NO），内皮素（ET）的影响。方法：选择肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者97例，随机分为两组，治疗组口服软肝冲剂，对照级以西药常规治疗，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能，门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清NO、ET的变化。结果：经治疗后治疗组总有效率优于对照组（P＜0．05），患者ANT，TBil明显降低，Alb和A／G均明显升高，门静脉内径变窄，血流量增多，血流速度变快，同时NO及ET亦显著降低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论：软肝冲剂治疗肝炎肝硬化门脉高压疗效显著，能明显改善肝功能，降低门静脉压力，其作用机制之一是降低血清NO、ET水平。