Arthropods (Acari, Siphonaptera, Heteroptera, Psocoptera) associated with Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Southern Poland

MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 101 specimens of Nyctalus noctula collected in Southern Poland during winter, 2637 arthropods of 13 species were obtained: Siphonaptera (3 species), Acari (8 species), Heteroptera (one species) and one specimen of Psocoptera. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The most numerous species were Macronyssus flavus (96.8% of the collection) and Steatonyssus spinosus (1.9% of the collection). Females of N. noctula were stronger infested than males. In females, the mean infestation by Macronyssus flavus was 30.8 and in males 23.5. Acanthophthirius noctulius and Nycteriglyphus tuerkorum are new to the fauna of Poland.     

染色体为46,X,del(Y)(q12)的性腺发育不全

一、病例摘要 患者13岁,社会性别女性,因"阴蒂肥大13年,生长迟缓8年"于2007年7月20 日入院.     

Antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, is highly concentrated within different phagocytic cells, especially macrophages. The potential antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against three species of Leishmania from the New World was assessed using in vitro models. Azithromycin decreased viability of promastigote cultures of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi as determined by the colorimetric Alamar blue assay. In amastigote intracellular cultures, a significant decrease in infected macrophages counts was observed for all three species with IC(50) of 20.83 (27 micromol/L), 2.18 (2.7 micromol/L), and 6.12 (7.8 micromol/L) microg/mL, respectively. Azithromycin showed in vitro activity against L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, and L. (L.) chagasi and may offer an alternative to current leishmaniasis treatment.     

Specificity and crossreactivity of idiotypes of murine antibodies induced by poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) and poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys)

Antibodies elicited against the two synthetic polypeptides, poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) [(T,G)-A-L] and poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) [(Phe,G)-A-L], are crossreactive although the humoral responses to these immunogens are under different genetic controls. The fine specificity of the antibodies elicited by the two polypeptides was studied in the present work. Antisera against (Phe,G)-A-L bind both (125)I-labeled (T,G)-A-L and iodinated modified (Phe,G)-A-L. However, while the binding to (T,G)-A-L could be inhibited completely with the two antigens, the binding to (Phe,G)-A-L was inhibited completely with (Phe,G)-A-L and only partially with (T,G)-A-L. The binding of (125)I-labeled (T,G)-A-L to antisera against (T,G)-A-L was inhibted more efficiently by the homologous antigen than by (Phe,G)-A-L although both antigens completely inhibited the binding. (T,G)-A-L specific antibodies were purified on (T,G)-A-L immunoadsorbents from antisera of high and low responder mice to (T,G)-A-L immunized with (Phe,G)-A-L. (Phe,G)-A-L specific antibodies that did not bind (T,G)-A-L were isolated from the effluent of these columns. By use of anti-idiotypic antibodies of guinea pig against C3H.SW antibodies to (T,G)-A-L it was shown that (T,G)-A-L specific antibodies isolated from antisera against (Phe,G)-A-L of C3H.SW and C3H/DiSn mice possess part of the idiotypic determinants existing on antibodies of C3H.SW obtained by immunization with (T,G)-A-L. In contrast, antibodies to (Phe,G)-A-L that did not bind (T,G)-A-L did not share idiotypic determinants with C3H.SW antibody molecules against (T,G)-A-L. These results suggest that the B cell repertoire expressed by high and low responders to (T,G)-A-L after immunization with (Phe,G)-A-L is similar and represents only part of that of high responders immunized with (T,G)-A-L.     

Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) sibirica (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Poland]

A single male of Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) sibirica (Bujanova, 1962) was collected in the Pieniny Mts. This is the first record of the species from Poland. F. sibirica is an Eastern Palaearctic bloodsucker causing a severe annoyance to humans in the vicinities of Krasnoyarsk (East Siberia). It seems that in Central Europe the species lives only in mountains which probably are its relic refuges since the Pleistocene. F. sibirica is very similar to F. nipponica. The only difference is found in the relation between X and XI male flagellomeres. In F. nipponica flagellomere X is shorter than the next one, while in F. sibirica they are inversely related.     

Ecdysterone,premue et exuviation chez Sphaeroma serratum (fabricius, 1787) (crustacea,isopoda, flabellifera)

Injecting ecdysterone makes pubescent males of Sphaeroma serratum enter proecdysis; they reach the D₂ stage about 11 to 13 days later; however they remain then blocked at this stage, without leaving their old cuticle, before dying between the Days 10 and 20. The haemolymph of these animals correlatively undergoes variations, similar to those of a normal premolt: raising of calcemia and osmotic pressure, light lowering of the water content; between the stages D2 and D,E an important and sudden lowering of calcemia and osmotic pressure can be observed. At the same time on the contrary, the water content raises only slightly, for the old cuticle sets limits to the increasing volume of the Spherom. After injecting ecdysterone to nonpubescent animals, these leave their cuticle, and their water content raises as much as during a normal exuviation.The exuviation factor (Graf, 1972a and b, C. R. Acad. Sci.274, 1731—1734; 275, 2045–2048) produced by the Y organs (Blanchet, 1974, C. R. Acad. Sci.278, 509–512) would therefore perhaps control only cuticle leaving.