精准肝脏外科理念下解剖性肝切除治疗肝细胞癌的临床疗效分析

目的 分析精准肝脏外科理念下解剖性肝切除治疗肝细胞癌的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012-05～2017-05在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二三医院住院并行解剖性肝切除术治疗的肝细胞癌患者206例。遵循精准肝脏外科理念,所有患者完善术前检查和精确评估肝脏储备功能,通过影像精准评价病灶的解剖学特点,精密规划解剖性肝切除方案,精细操作完成相应肝亚段、肝段、肝叶等解剖性肝切除术,观察手术相关指标,随访评价疗效。术后电话随访、门诊复查,随访时间截至2019-05-31。结果 177例行开放性肝切除术,29例行腹腔镜肝切除术。其中32例术中行Pringle法肝门入肝血流阻断术,81例行半肝入肝血流阻断术,63例行选择性肝叶或肝段入肝血流阻断术,30例行入肝血流不阻断术。手术时间为45～300(173. 8±65. 2) min。术中出血量为50～1 000(207. 9±142. 1) ml。术中输血10例,其中输红细胞3例,输血率为4. 9%,平均输血量为235 ml。术后住院时间为(11. 3±2. 3) d。术后2例出现肝功能不全,经内科治疗肝功能恢复后顺利出院,无围手术期死亡病例。206例患者均获得随访,随访时间为24～84个月,术后1年、3年和5年存活率分别为85. 4%、57. 4%和39. 2%;术后1年、3年和5年无瘤存活率分别为75. 2%、43. 8%和24. 3%。结论 解剖性肝切除手术安全可靠,术后近期及远期生存疗效肯定。解剖性肝切除可作为肝细胞癌常规手术治疗的首选方案。     

Belghiti悬挂法在解剖性半肝切除术中的应用

目的: 探讨Belghiti悬挂法在解剖性半肝切除术中的应用价值.方法: Belghiti肝脏悬挂法成功行半肝切除术患者28例, 并与未采用Belghiti肝脏悬挂法完成的解剖性半肝切除术患者22例比较, 分析评价患者术中相关指标和术后并发症.结果: 2组患者均无手术死亡, Belghiti悬挂组的术中失血量和输血量均较对照组显著减少(426.36±312.79 mL vs 526.58±251.32 mL;508.13±128.26 mL vs 735.13±216.79 mL, 均P<0.05). 2组的术后肝功能、并发症发生率、住院时间无显著差异.结论: Belghiti悬挂法可进一步提高半肝切除的安全性, 减少出血, 并且可在先不游离肝脏的情况下完成半肝切除, 更符合肿瘤外科的基本原则.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性供肝在肝移植中的应用

目的 探讨HBsAg阳性供肝在成人肝移植中应用的安全性及其对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析本中心2007年1月至2010年2月23例接受HBsAg阳性供肝的成人肝移植患者临床资料,患者全部为男性,中位年龄42.5岁(29 ～ 61岁),原发病均为乙型肝炎相关终末期肝病,其中13例术前HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc为阳性,10例术前HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc为阳性.供体HBsAg均为阳性,术后口服恩替卡韦0.5mg,1次/d,静脉滴注乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG),术后1周每天滴注2000 IU.术中及术后采用无激素的免疫抑制方案,术后第1、7、14、21、30天检测患者血清HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc、HBV DNA水平,并行肝脏彩色多普勒超声检查.1个月后每月检测及检查1次,并记录患者术后肝功能、肾功能、急性排斥反应、感染、血管并发症、胆道并发症、乙型肝炎复发、肿瘤复发及患者生存等数据.结果 围手术期2例患者死于严重肺部感染,其余21例患者随访至2010年12月(10 ～ 38个月),所有患者术后乙型肝炎未转阴,其中1例患者于术后5个月因胆道缺血再次行肝移植,3例肿瘤患者分别于术后9、14、18个月死于肿瘤复发,18例患者生存,肝功能良好,彩色多普勒超声监测显示肝脏形态、质地良好,HBV DNA监测显示其均为阴性.随访期内,23例患者的生存率为78.3％(18/23),移植肝生存率为73.9％(17/23),未出现乙型肝炎复发所致的肝功能异常、移植肝丢失和病死患者.结论 HBsAg阳性供肝可以安全地应用于乙型肝炎相关终末期肝病的患者.     

肝叶切除术在胆道再次手术中的应用

目的:探讨肝叶切除在胆道再次手术中的应用及术前评估与处理.方法:回顾性分析2005-11/2012-2我院收治的胆道再次手术中行肝叶切除的105例患者的临床资料.结果:肝左外叶切除69例;左半肝切除18例;肝方叶切除8例;肝右叶部分切除4例,其中1例为右半肝切除;双侧肝叶规则性切除4例,包括2例胆囊床切除,1例右半肝及左外叶切除,1例部分肝右叶及左外叶切除;左内叶切除2例.术后主要并发症:切口感染、胆漏、肺部感染、胸腔积液.围手术期因肝功能衰竭亡1例.结论:对于肝内胆管复发和/或残余结石,应该彻底切除存在胆管结石和狭窄的肝叶或肝段,努力减少胆道再次手术次数.     

腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝段切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝解剖性肝段切除术的可行性、安全性与临床价值.方法:收集2005-01/2006-12我院行腹腔镜肝切除术患者20例,其中原发性肝癌13例、肝内胆管细胞癌1例、肝血管瘤3例、肝脏腺瘤1例,肝脓肿2例.所有病例均在全气腹条件下完成腔镜超声引导下腹腔镜肝解剖性肝段切除手术.结果:20例病例的手术时间平均188 min,出血量平均300 mL.术中未出现不能控制的并发症,术后平均住院8.6 d.结论:腔镜超声引导下以肝段为本的解剖性栽肝切除术更加符合肿瘤根治原则,值得在肝脏外科推广应用.     

老年人原发性肝癌肝切除29例临床分析

一、对象和方法　　收集我院 1996年 8月至 1998年 12月因肝细胞性肝癌行不同类型肝切除的老年患者 (老年组 ) 2 9例 ,年龄 6 0～ 6 9岁 ,平均 6 4 8岁 ,男 2 3例 ,女 6例 ;非老年组为与老年组同期住院的 5 0岁以下的肝细胞性肝癌行肝切除的患者 2 9例 ,年龄 2 7～ 5 0岁 ,平均 41 6岁 ,男 2 2例 ,女 7例。手术均采用刮吸法断肝〔1〕,断肝时阻断肝门 ,每次阻断 10ｍｉｎ ,开放 2ｍｉｎ〔2〕,两组各 1例采用半肝血流阻断 ,无 1例采用全肝血流阻断 ;手术方式包括肝段切除、尾叶切除、不规则切除、肝三叶切除 ,所有患者均切除胆囊收集两组患者…     

肝癌治愈性切除术后长期口服支链氨基酸:一项前瞻性随机研究

近来肝脏外科注意到了接受肝脏治愈性切除的肝癌患者的营养状况。绝大部分的肝癌患者伴有肝硬化,而且必需在营养状况不理想时接受肝切除手术。肝硬化被认为是处于一个过度分解代谢的“蛋白质营养不良”期。而应用支链氨基酸可以纠正这种“营养不良”。研究旨在阐明,对于那些接受肝切除的原发性肝癌患者,长期口服支链氨基酸对于临床症状、实验室指标、癌肿的复发和提高生存率等方面的影响。 方法:在手术后2～3周内,75位患者被随机列为接受口服支链氨基酸,每天100g,共1     

早期胃肠内营养对肝功能恢复的促进作用

将36例施行肝脏手术的肝癌患者随机分为实验组（早期胃肠内营养组，n=18）和对照组(n=18)。分别于术后第3d、7d查血谷丙转氨酶，观察两组结果的差别，并进行统计学处理。结果：早期胃肠内营养组的谷丙转氨酶恢复情况明显优于对照组（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）。认为早期胃肠内营养可明显改善肝门阻断手术后患者的肝脏功能，是一种有效的促进肝脏功能恢复的方法。     

简易次全半肝血流阻断在肝部分切除术中的应用

目的探讨简易次全半肝血流阻断切肝术临床价值及可行性。方法将2009年2月～2010年10月行肝切除32例患者分为简易次全半肝血流阻断组（研究组）和第一肝门阻断组（对照组）,回顾分析2组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后肝功能恢复及术后并发症。结果 2组患者手术时间和切肝中、切肝后出血量无显著差异,但2组肝功能恢复、并发症发生率差异有统计学意义。结论简易次全半肝血流阻断切肝术较第一肝门阻断有利于肝功能恢复,减少术后并发症的发生,为肝脏手术提供了一种安全、可行的方法。     

肝脏囊腺瘤的临床特征附8例临床分析

目的 探讨肝脏囊腺瘤的诊断及治疗方法,提高对本病的认识.方法 总结我院2006年1月～2009年8月收治的8例病理诊断为肝内胆管囊腺瘤病例的临床表现、影像学特点、外科手术治疗情况及术后病理结果,回顾性分析各诊断及治疗情况的优缺点. 结果 8例肝脏囊腺瘤患者均为女性,平均47.5岁,影像学肿瘤病灶4例位于左叶,4例位于右叶,7例表现为囊实性,1例表现为实性;8例患者均行手术切除治疗,其中2例行姑息性切除,6例完整切除,术后病理为肝内胆管囊腺瘤,2例行局部切除患者术后1年内复发.结论 肝脏囊腺瘤临床多好发于中年女性,临床表现不典型,术前易误诊,CT及MRI检查有助于术前评估,治疗上首选手术治疗,推荐囊肿全部切除加周围部分正常肝组织切除术,局部切除患者术后复发率100%.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.