101例乳腺癌性激素受体免疫组化分析

应用免疫组化(PAP)染色法,对101例乳腺癌雌激素受体(ER)及孕酮受体(PR)进行标记。检测结果:ER 阳性49例(48.5%);PR 阳性37例(36.6%)。癌细胞分化程度与ER 及PR 阳性率呈正相关(P<0.01);乳腺癌周淋巴细胞浸润程度、腋淋巴结转移、病人的年龄、病程长短、原发肿块大小及临床分期与ER、PR 无明显关系(P>0.05)。提示测定ER 及PR,对乳腺癌的分化程度及临床是否选择内分泌治疗有一定的意义。     

30例膀胱移行细胞癌的超微结构观察

本文对30例膀胱移行细胞癌进行了超微结构的观察。本组男性26例,女性4例。年龄32～83岁。患者临床上主要表现为无痛性血尿。30例组织学检查:Ⅰ级2例、Ⅱ级21例、Ⅲ级7例。本文描述了膀胱移行细胞癌超微结构特征,提示超微结构的改变与分化程度有关,低分化癌细胞胞浆微丝丰富,桥粒连接减少。对胞浆微丝的意义作了简要讨论。     

低水平孕酮的早期先兆流产孕妇T细胞亚群的变化

目的通过检测早期先兆流产孕妇外周血孕酮、T细胞亚群及NK细胞的水平,探讨孕酮偏低的先兆流产患者机体的细胞免疫功能。方法采用免疫化学发光技术检测外周血孕酮的含量;同时采用流式细胞仪检测60例孕酮偏低的早期先兆流产患者(实验组)以及30例健康妊娠者(对照组)外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞水平。结果实验组的孕酮含量比对照组有显著性降低(P<0.01);实验组与对照组比较CD3、CD8百分率和CD4/CD8比值没有明显改变,无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组的CD4比对照组有所增高(P<0.05),而NK细胞百分率则明显降低,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕酮水平偏低的早期先兆流产患者中存在T细胞亚群分化失衡,机体免疫细胞的改变,可能导致免疫功能的紊乱,因此调节内分泌免疫系统对保胎具有一定的作用。     

肝细胞癌磁共振Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描的价值

目的　探讨磁共振Gd -DTPA动态增强扫描与肝细胞癌细胞分化程度及瘤灶大小的相关性。方法　对 6 0例病理证实的HCC动态增强扫描MRI征象进行分析 ,并将HCC的动脉期强化程度与病理分级、瘤灶大小的关系作统计学分析。结果　肝细胞癌动态增强扫描动脉期强化程度 ,随癌细胞分化的降低及瘤灶体积的增大有逐渐增加的趋势。结论　HCC的动态增强扫描 ,为研究其血流动力学改变提供了可能。     

儿童胸腺在各种疾病中的改变 Ⅰ.儿童退化胸腺内淋巴细胞的改变——组织学、免疫组化和超微结构研究

本文对70例退化胸腺进行组织学、8种淋巴细胞分化抗原的免疫组织化学以及超徽结构观察。各种疾病均可伴有胸腺退化(TI);感染性疾病时的TI比非感染性疾病更严重;病程与退化程度呈高度正相关。胸腺细胞(Thy-C)数量减少是TI的主要改变之一,但TI时Thy-c的分化顺序和亚群分布并不改变。胸腺髓质内出现淋巴滤泡(LF)可能与自身免疫有关。     

复发性念珠菌性阴道炎与女性激素的关系

目的:探讨复发性念珠菌性阴道炎与女性激素水平的关系及护理对策。方法:观察病例均于晨8时抽血采用RIA方法检测血清雌二醇与孕酮水平,并对其相关因素进行回顾性分析。结果:40例患者雌二醇无明显改变,孕酮25例(63%)下降,2例上升,13例无明显改变。结论:念珠菌性阴道炎的复发可能与孕酮的水平下降有关。     

内质网合成的层粘连蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及意义

应用ＳＰ免疫组织化学技术研究了６３例人大肠癌组织中层粘连蛋白的表达。结果：癌周“正常”大肠粘膜组织中，层粘连蛋白分布于上皮细胞及腺体的基底膜中，呈连续线状分布；在大肠癌组织中，基底膜层粘连蛋白出现变薄、断裂、破碎甚至缺如等不同程度的缺损现象，且缺损程度与癌分化程度有关，分化越低，缺损越重（Ｐ＜０．０１）。６０．３％癌组织中癌细胞胞浆层粘连蛋白阳性。提示基底膜层粘连蛋白可作为临床判断大肠癌分化程度高低的有用指标。     

胃癌中内分泌细胞与癌分化程度的关系

本文利用11例胃类癌和13例低或未分化癌的切除标本,探讨内分泌细胞出现的数量与胃癌类型和分化程度的关系。切片均作了嗜银、亲银组化染色,并用四种神经内分泌抗血清(胃泌素、生长抑素、胰多肽、血清素)PAP 法免疫组化染色,4例并作了电镜检查。结果胃类癌每例至少1项阳性,其中4例电镜证实有神经分泌颗粒,低或未分化癌组多数病例各项检查阴性,但4例有不同阳性结果,其中2例阳性细胞数超过50%,可称内分泌细胞癌。表明肿瘤愈原始,愈多向分化。并对胃癌中内分泌细胞与癌分化程度关系,以及胃类癌和胃内分泌细胞癌的特征、名称和组织发生进行了讨论。     

子宫平滑肌瘤宫内膜的组织学变化

观察了51例手术摘除的子宫平滑肌瘤患者的全子宫标本之宫内膜组织学变化。经组织学特殊染色方法证明:其特点为子宫内膜间质广范围的间质纤维胶元化以至宫内膜萎缩,子宫内膜发育迟缓。这些变化的轻重程度与肿瘤对宫腔改变的程度有关;而且其又可影响到子宫平滑肌瘤患者月经改变的出现及程度。并对上述现象出现的原因略加讨论。     

50例肝外胆管癌的诊断与治疗

本文报导50例肝外胆管癌的诊断与治疗。对其临床特点作了总。该病在黄疸未出现前主要表现为右上腹痛和消化道症状,即食欲下降、胃纳不佳、厌油恶心和上腹胀满。黄胆一出现便持续不消,肝功能突出特点是黄胆程度与肝功损伤呈分离现象,即黄疸虽重而肝功损伤性改变多不明显若肿瘤局限而无明显转移征象者可施根治性切除术,否则要争取采用姑息性内引流术,尤其对下段肝外胆管癌其疗效并不劣于Whipple′s手术。     

Cotransfection of TrkA and p75NTR in neuroblastoma cell line (IMR-32) promotes differentiation and apoptosis

Objective To assess the effects of both TrkA and p75NTR on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.Methods Retroviral vectors were constructed to express the high affinity NGF receptor (TrkA) and low affinity NGF receptor ( p75^NTR). Neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 was transfected by the vectors expressing either TrkA or p75^NTR or both by using lipofectmine^TM reagent separately or cotransfected at the same time. Southern blot, Northern blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to determine the success of the transfection. MTT technique was to monitor the cell proliferation. Colony formation in soft agar and tumor forming assay in nude mice were used to test the biological characteristics of the tumor cells. Terminal-deoxynucleotidytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)assay was used to test the apoptosis of the tumor cells.Results Stable transformant cell lines expressing TrkA, p75^NTR or both genes were established.Studies on these transformant cell lines have shown different NGF responses. The p75^NTR transfection only resulted in the mild differentiation response, and transfection of TrkA gene caused remarkable neurite extension, up-regulation of neurofilament and decreased expression of N-myc oncogene after NGF treatment. The cotransfection of the two genes into this cell line resulted in the more rapid and more apparent morphological changes than single TrkA transfected cells after NGF treatment. The cotransfected cells underwent apoptosis after withdrawal of NGF.Conclusions The results indicate that coexpression of both low-and high-affinity NGF receptors are not only more efficient in restoration of NGF-induced differentiation pathway, but also be able to activate the pro-apoptotic activity of low-affinity NGF receptor and make the tumor cells become NGF-dependent and irreversibly differentiated.     

RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE IN 20 CASES OF PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

The liver tissue of 20 cases of primary hepato- cellular carcinoma (PHC) was studied electron micro scopically. Ultrastructural data were correlated to the stages of the cancer and differentiation of the cancer cells, clinical/serological assays, and light microscopic findings. Light and electron microscopy agreed well in classifying the degree of differentiation in cases of relatively well differentiated tumor cells, but not in the less differentiated (e.g. beyond Stage iD. For cases with poor differentiation (Stage III or IV), no obvious agreement was observed. Furthermore, the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum of patients did not show any correspondence to the various degrees of cytoplasmic differentiation of the tumor cells. However, all but I of the 8 cases of poorly differentiated tumors were electron micros- copically alpha-fetoprotein positive. A number of characteristic changes, typical of the cells in PHC were noted. The nucleus was abnormal in shape. The nuclear membrane showed alterations from indentation to deep lobulatiom These changes were not observed in cells of normal liver nor in cells located outside the tumor tissue of cancerous livers. Tight junctions and junctional complexes were irregularly spaced and, since they were increased in length, they described the con- torted track of the cell surfaces. The Disse's space was identifiable in all well differentiated cells, but was often filled with fibrous material. Cells out side of the tumor area also showed remarkable changes, such as significantly increased numbers of lysosomes, microbodies and lipid droplets. Often collagen fibers were present in the sinusoids of these cells. In 2 cases the cells revealed particles re- sembling virus capside, or virions, of 23 nm and 40 t0 50 nm in diameter.     

Cotransfection of TrkA and p75~(NTR) in neuroblastoma cell line (IMR-32) promotes differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells

Objective To assess the effects of both TrkA and p75NTR on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.Methods Retroviral vectors were constructed to express the high affinity NGF receptor (TrkA) and low affinity NGF receptor (p75NTR). Neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 was transfected by the vectors expressing either TrkA or p75NTR or both by using lipofectmine?reagent separately or cotransfected at the same time. Southern blot, Northern blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to determine the success of the transfection. MTT technique was to monitor the cell proliferation. Colony formation in soft agar and tumor forming assay in nude mice were used to test the biological characteristics of the tumor cells. Terminal-deoxynucleotidytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to test the apoptosis of the tumor cells.Results Stable transformant cell lines expressing TrkA, p75NTR or both genes were established. Studies on these transformant cell line     

无血清培养富集乳腺癌干细胞的初步研究

目的：探讨富集乳腺癌干细胞的方法,以获得稳定数量的肿瘤干细胞。方法：（1）采用无血清悬浮培养方法,从乳腺癌MDA-MB-435细胞中筛选和培养肿瘤干细胞。（2）采用相差显微镜观察含胰岛素和不含胰岛素的无血清培养基中干细胞球形成大小、数量及随时间生长变化情况。（3）采用荧光显微镜观察Hoechst33342染料对MDA-MB-435肿瘤干细胞染色情况。（4）将MDA-MB-435肿瘤干细胞转人有血清培养基培养诱导分化,观察是否能有分化现象。结果：（1）采用无血清悬浮培养方法筛选和培养MDA-MB-435肿瘤干细胞成功。（2）发现不含胰岛素的无血清培养基中,形成的肿瘤干细胞团数量多且体积大。（3）随着培养时间延长,肿瘤干细胞球数量逐渐增多,体积逐渐变大。（4）Hoechst33342染料对肿瘤干细胞染色鉴定,约有90％肿瘤干细胞蓝色荧光染料较弱,呈暗淡区。（5）MDA-MB-435肿瘤干细胞经含血清培养基再次培养,具有分化功能。结论：含生长因子的无血清培养基培养MDA-MB-435细胞,可生成肿瘤干细胞球;不含胰岛素的无血清培养基更适合作为筛选肿瘤干细胞的培养基。     

大蒜匀浆对裸鼠荷人胃癌细胞移植瘤的影响

目的研究大蒜匀浆液(garlicjuice,GJ)诱导人胃癌MGC803细胞分化的作用。方法采用裸鼠成瘤抑制实验、生长曲线绘制、光镜、AgNOR染色及电镜,分别观察GJ对裸鼠荷人胃癌MGC-803细胞移植瘤生物学和病理形态学的影响。结果MGC803细胞移植裸鼠皮下后,对照组、灌注组与处理组分别有3只、2只和1只成瘤,灌注组与处理组较对照组,肿瘤生长速度明显减慢,肿块无明显坏死、出血和溃疡形成,瘤体重量减轻(P<0.05)。未处理组瘤细胞为卵圆形、胞浆少、核大、核浆比例大、核膜凹陷有切迹、核仁大而明显、核分裂多、线粒体减少、核蛋白体丰富,GJ处理后瘤细胞为多边形或梭形、核浆丰富、核小、核浆比例较小、核膜较光滑、核仁小或欠明显、核分裂减少、线粒体增加。对照组瘤细胞AgNOR颗粒多而细小,处理组瘤细胞AgNOR颗粒少而粗大(P<0.05)。结论GJ具有诱导人胃癌MGC803细胞向正常细胞分化的作用。     

HL-60细胞诱分化及细胞膜恶性标志逆转的实验研究

本文采用荧光偏振技术和受体荧光定量测定法,动态观察DMSO(二甲亚砜)体外诱导人急性早幼粒白血病细胞系(HL-60细胞)沿粒系统成熟分化过程中细胞膜流动性及膜ConA受体结合量的改变,还测定Molt4和Raji淋巴瘤细胞膜的相应变化.结果表明,随分化细胞百分率增加膜流动性和ConA受体结合量降低,呈现有意义的逆转改变(P<0.01).二株淋巴瘤细胞膜的流动性和ConA受体结合量均明显高于正常淋巴细胞。实验结果证实了膜流动性增高及ConA受体结合量增加是HL-60细胞的膜表型特征,并能随恶性细胞的诱导分化而逆转。     

二甲亚砜与氨甲喋呤合用对小鼠U_(14)瘤细胞的影响

<正> 二甲亚砜(DMSO)在体外能引起某些恶性细胞的分化,如病毒或化学致癌剂诱发的小鼠或大鼠红白血病细胞,在培养液内加入DMSO后,可分化为幼红细胞。地塞米松也有促进细胞分化的作用,将它加在小鼠粒细胞性白血病细胞培养内,能诱导瘤细胞向巨噬细胞和粒细胞分化。Okabe等在体外诱导分化的研究中注意到DMSO也能抑制小鼠白血病细胞的生长。Honma在同样试验中观察到地塞米松也有抑制瘤细胞生长的作用。细胞的生长和分化是互相联系的过程,正常细胞分化以后就不再分裂;恶性瘤细胞不断分裂增生,其分化程度亦低。二者的调节机制可能是紧密联系的。分化诱导剂—DMSO和地     

巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢中的表达及意义

目的建立非甾体类芳香化酶抑制剂（来曲唑）诱导雌性大鼠多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）动物模型．观察巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M—CSF）在PCOS大鼠卵巢中的表达,探讨其在PCOS发病机制中的作用。方法①选择6周龄SD清洁级雌性大鼠60只,随机分为实验组、实验对照组、空白对照组,每组各20只。应用来曲唑灌胃制备PCOS大鼠模型,观察三组大鼠动情周期的变化及双侧卵巢大体解剖及组织学改变。②放射免疫法测定血促黄体生成素（LH）、促卵泡激素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）水平。③免疫组化法观察卵巢组织中M—CSF的表达。结果①PCOS组大鼠失去规律性动情周期变化,提示无排卵。②血清T、LH浓度高于对照组（P〈0．05）,血清P、E2浓度低于对照组（P〈0．05）。@实验组M—CSF在卵巢颗粒细胞和间质细胞的表达低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论①来曲唑诱导的大鼠模型是理想的PCOS动物模型。②M—CSF参与了PCOS的发病机制。     

整合素β1在皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达作用

目的 检测整合素β1在皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达情况,探索干细胞相关因子与肿瘤的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学及细胞学染色方法检测整合素β1在人皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织及人皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞株A431中的表达,全反式维甲酸(ATRA)诱导鳞状细胞癌细胞分化,RT-PCR检测分化前后整合素β1变化水平.结果 在高分化鳞状细胞癌中,整合素β1在肿瘤团块外周基底样细胞呈连续性表达,内侧至团块中央可见散在或岛屿状阳性细胞;在低分化鳞状细胞癌组织中,岛屿状阳性细胞明显增多,呈弥漫分布;在A431细胞中,整合素β1散在表达于肿瘤细胞.ATRA诱导24h和48h后,ATRA处理组整合素β1与内参照β-actin的RT-PCR产物电泳光密度值之比分别为0.071±0.025和0.029±0.018,明显低于对照组的0.148±0.027和0.136±0.011(P<0.05).结论 整合素β1在皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织培养肿瘤细胞中具有异质性表达模式,并随肿瘤细胞分化程度增高而表达下降,提示整合素β1与皮肤鳞状细胞癌发生及可能存在的肿瘤干细胞具有密切关系.     

甲状腺乳头状癌伴神经内分泌分化的免疫组化､超微结构及免疫金标记研究

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的神经内分泌(NE)分化与临床病理形态学特征及预后因素的关系?方法:手术切除PTC 103例,行HE染色后光镜下观察?免疫组织化学染色后光镜及透射电镜检查?免疫金标记后电镜观察PTC临床病理形态学?光镜及电镜下NE标记(NSE?CgA?Syn)表达及电镜CgA 标记的致密核心颗粒表达;分析上述NE标记表达与临床病理参数及预后因素的关系?结果:PTC表达NSE 64例(62.14%),与肿瘤直径呈正相关(P < 0.05);表达CgA25例(24.27%),与肿瘤分化程度呈负相关,与核内包涵体呈正相关(P < 0.05);Syn 均呈阴性;NSE及CgA共同表达23例(22.33%)?透射电镜PTC致密颗粒检出率为18.2%(12/66);PTC细胞分化程度?肿瘤直径与NE分化有关(P < 0.05);免疫金标记电镜观察CgA免疫金颗粒3例(2.91%)?CgA定位于PTC癌细胞胞浆内的NE颗粒边缘呈散在分布?结论:PTC中NE分化细胞可能来源于滤泡上皮细胞;NE分化与PTC瘤体直径?细胞核形态改变及癌细胞分化程度有关,与预后无关?