骨牵引法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折102例

目的：报道应用尺骨鹰嘴牵引法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效，评价其在降低肘内翻发生率方面的应用价值。方法：自1997年5月～2001年8月应用尺骨鹰嘴牵引法治疗肱骨髁上骨折102例。结果：随访时间最长5年，最短1年，优80例，良17例，可4例，肘内翻发生率24.5％，但肘内翻程度均较轻，无一例需手术矫正。结论：尺骨鹰嘴牵引治疗肱骨髁上骨折安全有效，尤其因为其在克服肘内翻这一其它方法感到棘手的并发症方面的良好疗效，值得临床推广。     

小儿肱骨髁上骨折治疗方法的体会

我院自 1 992～ 1 999年采用不同方法治疗肱骨髁上骨折 1 98例 ,除陈旧性骨折及神经血管损伤需手术治疗外 ,其余均采用手法复位 ,尺骨鹰嘴牵引及小夹板外固定 ,效果满意。其中尺骨鹰嘴牵引及小夹板外固定 ,可较好预防缺血性肌挛缩及肘内翻畸形。肱骨髁上骨折 ,是小儿肘部最常见骨折之一 ,约占全身骨折的 2 6.7% ,占儿童肘部骨折的 60 %～70 % ,多发年龄 5～ 1 2岁 ,见于运动伤、生活伤和交通事故 ,系间接暴力所致 ,其并发症最常见肘内翻畸形 ,缺血性挛缩 ,肘关节功能障碍。本文着重就尺骨鹰嘴牵引及小夹板外固定的治疗方法 ,肘内翻 ,缺血性…     

闭合小交叉多点固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折经尺骨鹰嘴外侧缘和肱骨外侧髁小交叉固定的方法及疗效。方法2004年10月至2011年4月采用克氏针经尺骨鹰嘴外侧缘和肱骨外侧髁前后点交叉固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折26例,男15例,女ll例;年龄5～12岁,平均8．6岁。伸直尺偏型20例,伸直桡偏型6例。Garland分型,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型22例,术后屈肘石膏固定,观察临床疗效。结果26例均获得随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均10个月,骨折全部愈合,无肘内翻畸形,无尺神经损伤。肘关节功能按Flynn标准评价,优20例,良4例,可2例。结论经尺骨鹰嘴外侧缘和肱骨外侧髁闭合小交叉多点固定,可以有效预防儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折肘内翻畸形、尺神经损伤的并发症。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折

目的探讨肱骨髁间粉碎骨折经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定的疗效。方法采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨、骨折复位解剖型双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折15例。结果15例随访6—24个月,骨折均愈合。按改良Cassebaum评分系统评分：优6例,良6例,可2例,差1例。结论采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨、关节面解剖复位、双钢板固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折临床疗效良好。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折临床疗效观察

目的:探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路并应用肱膏内、外髁解剖钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折的方法和疗效.方法:2006年7月～2010年1月采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合肱骨内、外髁解剖钢板治疗肱膏髁间骨折41例41肘,全部获得随访,时间3～20个月,平均随访12.5个月后,用改良Casse-baum评分系统对其疗效评定.结果:术后疗效优16例,良14例,可6例,差5例,优良率73.2%.结论:经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路显露骨折充分,肱骨内、外髁解剖钢板固定肱骨髁问骨折牢固可靠,能有效的防止骨折不愈,并可满足患者早期进行关节功能锻炼.     

闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折

目的：评价闭合夏位后经皮克氏针交叉固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折的临床疗效。方法：16例GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折,其中男9例,女7例;年龄2—12岁,平均7．2岁。术前有桡神经损伤症状的例2例：有肘前青淤斑的5例;术前呈明显的S状畸形有6例。受伤至接受复位时间48～72小时,平均为38小时;手术治疗在全麻或臂丛阻滞麻醉下进行,持续纵向牵引患肢,手法纠正肱骨髁上骨折的侧方、前后移位,C型臂透视下证实骨折复位满意后克氏针从内外髁交叉打入,且交叉点位于鹰嘴窝顶上;术后屈肘700～80。石膏固定,术后3-4周拆除石膏进行肢体功能锻炼。结果：平均随访5个月（2—12月）,所有骨折术后3-4周骨痂愈合良好,拔除克氏针。术后8周肘关节功能恢复。2例术后有尺神经症状,3个月内恢复。针道感染2例,对症处理后治愈。术后轻型肘内翻1例,明显肘内翻需手术1例。结论：闭合复位经皮克氏针交卫内固定是治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折的理想选择方法。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中预防肘内翻的探讨

目的:探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中降低肘内翻的发生率。方法:回顾性总结76例肱骨髁上骨折病例资料,按治疗方法分为手法复位加小夹板固定组(A组)31例,手法复位加石膏外固定组(B组)24例,尺骨鹰嘴牵引组(C组,2周后去除牵引改石膏固定)9例,手术治疗组(D组)12例。对A组与B组以及4组中的Ⅲa型骨折病例的疗效进行分析比较,并作统计学处理,着重对肘内翻的预防加以探讨。结果:所有病例经4~36个月随访,通过摄患侧肘关节标准正侧位X线片,治疗前后测量鲍曼氏角(BA角)、携带角(CA角),参照郭仲华等对肱骨髁上骨折疗效标准的评定。A组与B组的疗效比较(χ2=0·132,P=0·716>0·05),无显著性差异;C、D组与A、B组中的Ⅲa型骨折治疗结果比较(χ2=6·078,P=0·014<0·05),有显著性差异。结论:对于肘内翻的预防应贯穿于骨折复位、固定、复查的全过程。根据骨折类型合理选择治疗方法,正确的复位方法,合理的复位判断及固定方式,手术入路的合理选择无论对保证肘关节的功能还是降低肘内翻的发生率均是关键。     

鹰嘴牵引加石膏固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折

目的 探讨鹰嘴牵引加石膏固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折的临床疗效。方法98例儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折者均行尺骨鹰嘴牵引治疗3～5d后，在麻醉下手法复位加石膏外固定3～4周，并分期功能锻炼。结果98例均获随访，时间12～24个月，参照Flynnetal标准：优72例，良22例，可3例，差1例，优良率为95．9％。无严重肘内翻畸形发生。11例合并神经损伤患儿治疗后按Frankel分级：B级2例恢复至D级1例，1例无恢复；C级4例恢复至D级1例、E级3例；D级5例均恢复至E级。B级1例无恢复者术后3个月经对症治疗后恢复至D级。结论该方法操作简便，安全可靠，疗效确切，并发症少。     

153例儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗体会

目的探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗效果。方法我科自1995年3月至2005年3月对153例肱骨髁上骨折患儿应用手法复位、牵引、小夹板或石膏托固定、手术治疗,随访0.5～5年。结果失访4例,优142例,占95.3%,良7例,占4.7%,愈合时间平均4.5周。结论手法复位、尺骨鹰嘴骨牵引后复位并小夹板或石膏托超肘关节外固定是治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折较好的方法。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折骨牵引与闭合复位内固定的疗效比较

目的比较尺骨鹰嘴骨牵引与闭合复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法对102例伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患儿分别采用手法整复配合骨牵引治疗(牵引组,51例)和闭合复位内固定治疗(闭合复位内固定组,51例)。结果患儿均获得随访,时间12～24个月。术后3个月按Flynn肘关节功能评价标准进行疗效评定:牵引组优良率98. 0%,闭合复位内固定组优良率98. 0%,两组优良率相同。结论尺骨鹰嘴骨牵引治疗操作简单、创伤小,对于伸直型骨折尤其对于学龄期前后儿童治疗效果明确。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.