血清总胆汁酸与慢性肝炎肝组织病理的关系

目的研究空腹血清总胆汁酸(TBA)与血清纤维化指标和肝组织病理关系。方法收集慢性肝病患者73例，均经肝组织穿刺病理证实。肝组织活检当天行血清TBA及肝纤维化指标(HA、PⅢP、Ⅳ-C)的检测，并分析其相关性。结果慢性肝炎患者TBA水平与正常值比较明显升高，与肝组织炎症程度(G)、纤维化程度(S)有正相关性，相关系数r1分别为0．515、0．430。结论TBA是反映肝脏炎性活动及肝纤维化的较敏感指标，与血清肝纤维化指标HA相似。它可能还是反映慢性肝炎早期侧枝循环建立的敏感指标。     

血清肝纤维化标志物水平与肝组织炎症活动度纤维化程度的相关性分析

研究血清纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)及Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)水平与肝组织病理分级、分期的相关性。用放射免疫法(RIA)检测600例乙型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化患者血清HA、LN、CⅣ、PCⅢ水平,同时进行肝组织活检,对肝组织进行炎症分级和纤维化分期检测。血清学指标水平与慢性肝炎发展阶段性一致,与肝组织炎症活动度及纤维化程度呈正相关。其中HA、CⅣ在病理分期中,从S1～S4期均依次大幅度升高,与S0相比(P<0.01),对早期肝纤维化诊断优于LN。而PCⅢ在反映肝纤维化时与S2期呈依次明显升高,可作为肝纤维化中、晚期辅助诊断。血清纤维化指标HA、LN、CⅣ、PCⅢ水平,对肝纤维化不同阶段做出相对准确的诊断,是目前了解肝纤维化程度检测指标之一。     

慢性肝炎肝窦毛细血管化的临床病理研究

目的观察慢性肝炎患者的肝窦毛细血管化与其病理改变、血清学指标相关性,以进一步探索肝窦毛细血管化在疾病诊疗中的意义。方法符合入选条件的68例慢性肝炎患者,行肝穿刺活组织病理检查,用免疫组化方法进行CD34染色,显示肝窦毛细血管化的程度。并于当日晨采血检测肝功能、肝纤维化四项,进行相关性分析。结果肝窦毛细血管化程度与血清肝功能指标中GGT明显相关（r=0.385,P〈0.01）;与血清肝纤维化指标中的HA显著相关（r=0.502,P〈0.001）;与肝组织炎症分级、纤维化分期呈正相关,与分期相关性更强（分别为r=0.426,P〈0.01;r=0.569,P〈0.001）。结论血清学肝功能指标中单独GGT异常预示存在着不断进展的肝损伤;HA是判断肝窦毛细血管化与肝纤维化的一个灵敏的无创性指标;肝窦毛细血管化可能在某种意义上加剧了肝组织炎症的进展。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1表达及其意义

目的：分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清和肝组织基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（TIMP-1）表达水平与肝纤维化分期的相关性。方法分别采用免疫组化法和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测患者肝组织和血清 TIMP-1表达水平,分析两者相关性;对159例慢性乙型肝炎患者行肝活检病理学检查,以组织学活动指数（HAI）予以分级（G）和分期（S）,分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平与 HAI 分级和纤维化分期的相关性。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织 TIMP-1表达水平与其血清水平呈显著性正相关（r=0.9521,P＜0.01）;不同肝纤维化分期（S1～S4）慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平差异显著（P＜0.05）,且血清 TIMP-1水平与肝纤维化分期呈正相关（r=0.704, P＜0.01）,但不同炎症分级的慢性乙型肝炎患者血清 TIMP-1水平差异无显著性。结论血清 TIMP-1水平可以较好地反应肝脏纤维化程度,且不受肝组织炎症分级的影响,有望被用于肝组织纤维化程度的临床无创评估。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化分期与血清肝纤维化标志物的相关性分析

目的 探讨血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原等血清肝纤维化标志物与慢性肝炎肝组织炎症活动度及纤维化程度的相关性。方法 278例慢性肝炎患者经肝脏活栓后常规病理检查,肝活检前同时采血检测血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原,结果应用x^2检验及t检验进行统计学处理。结果 肝组织纤维化程度与炎症活动度呈正相关关系,透明质酸可反映中度以上慢性肝炎炎症活动度及纤维化程度,且呈正相关;肝脏存在纤维化时层粘蛋白水平升高,与纤维化程度正相关;Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原水平升高与炎症活动度有关。结论 血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、层粘蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原可不同程度反映肝纤维纤维化程度,可作为血清肝纤维化检测指标,透明质酸更可反映肝硬化发展趋势。     

探讨慢性肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标的临床价值

探讨慢性肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标（ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ、Ⅴ－Ｃ、ＬＮ）的临床实用价值。对２５００例慢性肝炎患者,用放射免疫法进行血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ、Ⅳ－Ｃ、ＬＮ指标均有是面肝纤维化指标水平与乙肝口才的肝脏炎症活动度分级、肝发给化程度分期与病理组织学分主工均存在显著相关。血清肝纤维化指标对判断慢性肝炎的肝纤维化和肝硬化倾向具有临床实用意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1水平变化

目的观察可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的水平变化以及肝损害的不同程度与sICAM-1的关系,探讨sICAM-1对于肝病诊断的临床意义。方法对73例慢性乙型肝炎患者,采用ELISA法检测血清sICAM-1水平。选择20例健康体检者作为对照。结果73例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清sICAM-1水平均有不同程度的升高,慢性肝炎中度和重度较正常对照组升高明显,差异显著(P<0.01)。慢性肝炎轻度与正常对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论血清sICAM-1的变化,可作为反映肝组织炎症损害程度的较为灵敏的指标。对于判断慢性乙型肝炎病情变化,有一定的临床价值。     

HBeAg阴性和阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织炎症的关系

目的:探讨HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)HBVDNA水平和肝组织炎症损害的关系.方法:采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应分别对331例CHB(101例HBeAg阴性和230例HBeAg阳性)患者进行血清HBVDNA定量检测和肝组织活检病理炎症分级,对比分析结果.结果:331例CHB患者血清HBVDNA水平与肝组织炎症活动度及肝纤维化程度之间无明显相关性;101例HBeAg阴性CHB患者中31例(31%)血清HBVDNA>108copies/L,随着G1-G4肝组织炎症损害级别的增高其所占例数也相应增高.HBVDNA水平与肝组织炎症病理分级的相关性有显著意义(r=0.271,P<0.005);在230例HBeAg阳性的患者中,血清HBVDNA水平与肝组织炎症呈明显的负相关(r=-0.659,P<0.001).结论:血清HBVDNA水平可作为判断HBeAg阴性CHB患者肝组织炎症损害程度的指标,在HBeAg阳性的患者中,血清HBVDNA水平与肝组织炎症呈负相关.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β、sICAM-1水平变化的观察及其临床意义

目的观察转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、可溶性细胞黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的水平变化,以及肝损害的不同程度与TGF-β、sICAM-1的关系。探讨TGF-β、sICAM-1对于肝病诊断的临床意义。方法对75例慢性乙型肝炎患者,采用ELISA法检测血清TGF-β、sICAM-1水平。结果75例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β、sICAM-1水平均有不同程度的升高。慢性肝炎中度和重度者较正常对照组升高明显,差异显著(P<0.01)。慢性肝炎轻度与正常对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论血清TGF-β、sICAM-1的水平变化,可作为反映肝组织炎症损害程度的较为灵敏的指标,对于判断慢性乙型肝炎病情变化,有一定的临床价值。     

慢性肝病患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1和透明质酸水平的变化及意义

目的:探讨血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)和透明质酸(HA)与肝纤维化及肝损害的关系。方法:用ELISA法检测正常人、慢性肝炎肝硬变患者血清sICAM-1;用RIA法测定正常人、慢性肝炎及肝硬变患者血清HA。结果:慢性肝病患者各组血清sICAM-1均显著高于正常人,各组间存在显著的差异。血清HA水平在慢性肝炎中度组、重度组、肝硬变组明显高于正常人。在不同临床类型的慢性肝病患者中HA血清水平也存在显著的差异。病情越重,血清sICAM-1和HA水平越高。两者与血清草酰乙酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素、球蛋白呈显著正相关,与血清白蛋白呈显著负相关。结论:慢性肝病患者血清sICAM-1和血清HA可作为判断肝纤维化及肝损伤程度的指标。     

急性胰腺炎合并肝损害临床分析

目的分析急性胰腺炎合并肝损害的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2009年2月至2012年8月西安市中心医院收治的116例急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料。结果67％（78／116）的急性胰腺炎患者合并肝损害。按病因分类,胆源性胰腺炎合并肝损害者的发病率为79％（38／48）,胰胆手术后（含胆囊切除术后及经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术后）所致的急性胰腺炎合并肝损害的发病率为68％（15／22）,暴饮暴食所致的急性胰腺炎合并肝损害的发病率为67％（20／30）,其他因素所致的急性胰腺炎合并肝损害的发生率低。胆源性胰腺炎较非胆源性胰腺炎肝功能损害更明显,总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶浓度差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为3．16、3．72、4．12、3．26、3．64、3．25,P均〈0．01）。结论胆源性胰腺炎患者大多合并肝损害。     

Antiviral therapy in patients with HCV-cirrhosis

The main cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer in the western world is Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment once the disease is decompensated. In viremic patients who undergo transplantation, disease recurrence is universal resulting in the development of a new cirrhosis in about one third of the patients after 5 to 10 years of follow-up. Initiation of the antiviral treatment with Peg-IFN and ribavirin prior to transplantation may prevent HCV recurrence if a sustained viral response (SVR) is achieved. Moreover, it might even be possible to achieve an improvement of the liver function degree so that transplantation may be differed.There are few studies that assess the efficacy and safety of the antiviral treatment in the cirrhotic setting. Available information shows SVR rates between 20 and 40%, lower with decompensated disease. The need for treatment withdrawal and dose reductions is significant in this setting. Cytopenias are one of the most frequent adverse effects; hematopoietic growth factors have shown to increase patient compliance, but it is still unclear whether they result in greater SVR. In addition, an increased risk of bacterial infections has been recently described, with a recommendation to use prophylactic therapy during antiviral treatment. In conclusion, antiviral therapy is an option for cirrhotic patients who have a good liver function but should not be recommended in patients with Child-Pugh-Turcotte class C, due to a high risk of severe complications.     

Liver regeneration after liver resection: Clinical aspects and correlation with infective complications

AIM:To investigate whether early liver regeneration after resection in patients with hepatic tumors might be influenced by post-operative infective complications.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 27 liver resections for tumors performed in a single referral center from November 2004 to January 2010.Regeneration was evaluated by multidetector computed tomographyat a mean follow-up of 43.85 d.The Clavien-Dindo classification was used to evaluate postoperative events in the first 6 mo after transplantation,and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions were used for healthcare associated infections data.Generalized linear regression models with Gaussian family distribution and log link function were used to reveal the principal promoters of early liver regeneration.RESULTS:Ten of the 27 patients(37%)underwent chemotherapy prior to surgery,with a statistically significant prevalence of patients with metastasis(P=0.007).Eight patients(30%)underwent embolization,3 with primary tumors,and 5 with secondary tumors.Twenty patients(74%)experienced complications,with 12(60%)experiencing Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a to 5 complications.Regeneration≥100%occurred in 10(37%)patients.The predictors were smaller future remnant liver volume(-0.002;P<0.001),and a greater spleen volume/future remnant liver volume ratio(0.499;P=0.01).Patients with a resection of≥5 Couinaud segments experienced greater early regeneration(P=0.04).Nine patients experienced surgical site infections,and in 7 cases Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a to 4 complications were detected(P=0.016).There were no significant differences between patients with primary or secondary tumors,and either onset or infections or severity of surgical complications.CONCLUSION:Regardless of the onset of infective complications,future remnant liver and spleen volumes may be reliable predictors of early liver regeneration after hepatic resection on an otherwise healthy liver.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织病理研究

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者临床表现和病理诊断的相关性.方法:收集30例CHB患者的临床资料,分析临床表现与病理诊断的相关性.结果:肝组织的炎症和纤维化程度的相关性显著(r=0.659,P＜0.01),白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)与肝脏炎症和纤维化分级显著负相关(r=-0.368,P＜0.05;r=-0.401,P＜0.05).年龄、性别及其他化验指标如ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、TBil、PLT、PT、PTA、门静脉宽度、脾脏厚度等与肝组织炎症和纤维化分级无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论:慢性乙型肝炎肝脏炎症和纤维化的严重程度密切相关,仅根据肝功能判断轻中度的CHB患者的肝脏炎症及纤维化程度有相当的局限性.     

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with normal aminotransferase values

AIM： To investigate the aspects of liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） who had normal aminotransferase levels. METHODS： Thirty-four patients diagnosed with liver steatosis by ultrasonographic examination participated in the study. We compared all non- alcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH cases, according to aminotransferase level, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）/alanine aminotransferase （ALT） ratio and presence of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS： Sixteen of 25 patients with high aminotransferase levels were diagnosed with NASH and nine with simple fatty liver according to liver histology. Among the nine patients with normal aminotransferase levels, seven had NASH and two had simple fatty liver. The patients with normal and high liver enzyme levels had almost the same prevalence of NASH and metabolic syndrome. Liver histology did not reveal any difference according to aminotransferase levels and AST/ALT ratio. CONCLUSION： Aminotransferase levels and AST/AIT ratio do not seem to be reliable predictors for NASH. Despite numerous non-invasive biomarkers, all patients with fatty liver should undergo liver biopsy.     

肝硬化终末期患者的治疗和管理

肝硬化终末期通常指肝硬化失代偿期所致的慢性肝衰竭,为人类健康带来沉重负担。肝移植是最为有效的治疗,但受肝源缺乏、费用高昂等因素的严重限制。人工肝往往作为桥接治疗。细胞治疗的发展为其带来新的希望。探讨了肝硬化终末期病因治疗及并发症的管理,介绍了肝硬化终末期进行人工肝、细胞治疗、肝移植的适应证和时机。     

生物人工肝在肝衰竭治疗中的应用

重型肝炎及其引起的肝衰竭病死率极高,迄今仍缺乏特效的治疗方法.目前公认的最有效的治疗方法是肝移植,但由于供肝短缺,远远不能满足临床需求.例如在美国,14%需要紧急肝移植的患者在等待供肝过程中死亡.如果在肝衰竭的严重阶段通过人工的或者辅助的手段代替肝脏的主要功能,则患者将有更多机会获得供肝或者避免肝移植.各种非生物型人工肝,如血液灌流、血浆置换等由于其不能代替肝脏的合成和代谢功能而疗效有限.     

儿童肝脏恶性肿瘤的肝移植适应证

儿童肝脏恶性瘤与成人肝脏恶性肿瘤的起源和发展存在明显差别,即使是同一种肝脏恶性肿瘤,在儿童体内的发生、发展、治疗方法和治疗效果方面,也与成人存在较大的差别。肝脏恶性肿瘤的组织学表现和解剖定位可以反映出这些肿瘤侵袭转移的特性、外科手术根治的难度和药物治疗的敏感性。因此在治疗方式选择上,需要依据这些特点进行判断。儿童的肝脏恶性肿瘤对化疗等辅助治疗的敏感性更高。肝移植术前或术后,配合使用化疗等辅助治疗可以获得更为满意的疗效,肝移植的适应证范围也因此得到了一定的扩展。儿童肝脏恶性肿瘤中,肝母细胞瘤、肝细胞癌和未分化胚胎肉瘤较为常见,均可以通过肝移植进行治疗,且多数患者预后满意。儿童肝脏恶性肿瘤如果肝切除治疗预期效果不佳,而肿瘤局限于肝内,均可考虑肝移植。     

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor accompanied with multiple liver metastases

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(P-NET) is rare and slow-growing. Current classifications predict its progno-sis and postoperative recurrence. Curative resection is ideal, although often difficult, because over 80% of pa-tients have unresectable multiple liver metastases and extrahepatic metastasis. Aggressive surgery for liver metastases is important to improve survival. Aggressive or cytoreductive surgery for liver metastases is indi-cated to reduce hormone levels and improve symptoms and prognosis. Liver transplantation was originally con-ceived as an ideal therapy for unresectable liver metas-tases. Unfortunately, there is no clear consensus on the role and timing of surgery for primary tumor and liver metastases. Surgeons still face questions in deciding the best surgical scenario in patients with P-NET with unresectable liver metastases.     

肝癌患者对肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗的反应与肝移植预后的关系

目前,在患者选择合适的前提下,肝移值已成为治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的重要手段之一[1].但肝癌患者肝移植术后较高的复发率,也严重影响着患者移植术后的长期生存[2].本研究的目的在于探讨不同肝癌患者移植前对肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗的反应与肝移植后患者预后的关系.