Lentiviral transduction of primary myeloma cells with CD80 and CD154 generates antimyeloma effector T cells

The development of immunotherapy approaches designed to obtain tumor-specific T cells might help eradicate residual malignant cells in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. To this end, we used autologous primary MM cells as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Gene transfer of both CD80 and CD154 by lentiviral vectors was necessary to significantly improve the APC function of human MM cells. Simultaneous CD80/CD154 expression on MM cells allowed the generation of CD8+ T cells that recognized unmodified MM cells in 11 of 16 cases, specifically in six of six patients with low-stage disease, but only in five of ten patients with advanced disease. The activity of CD8+ T cells was MHC restricted and MM specific. In seven of seven cases, CD8+ T cell activity was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against HLA class I, and in four of four cases, CD8+ T cells recognized autologous MM cells but not autologous normal B and T lymphocytes nor bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, the activity of CD8+ T cells was directed against allogeneic MM cells that shared at least one MHC allele with the autologous counterpart, but not against MHC mismatched MM cells. These data lay the ground for the isolation of new MM antigens and for the design of vaccination protocols with primary MM cells genetically engineered to express immunostimulatory molecules.     

Soluble CD40 ligand can replace the normal T cell-derived CD40 ligand signal to B cells in T cell-dependent activation

We have constructed a soluble chimeric fusion protein between the mouse CD8 alpha chain and the mouse CD40 T cell ligand. This protein binds to both human and mouse B cells. By itself it induced a modest degree of B cell proliferation, but together with anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) antibody it greatly stimulated B cell proliferation, as determined by both [3H]thymidine uptake and increase in cell numbers. These data are evidence that the CD40 ligand on T cells provides a signal that drives B cell proliferation. This signal is synergistic with that delivered by anti-Ig antibody.     

The modulation of CD40 ligand signaling by transmembrane CD28 splice variant in human T cells

The role of CD40 ligand (CD40L)/CD40 signaling in T cell-dependent B cell differentiation and maturation has been amply documented. The mechanism of CD40 signaling in B cells has been well established, whereas the signaling mechanism of CD40L in T cell costimulation remains unknown. In this study we show that CD28i, a transmembrane splice variant of CD28 costimulatory receptor, complexes with CD40L in human T cells. The cross-linking of CD40L resulted in the coendocytosis of CD28i with CD40L. The tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28i followed the cross-linking of CD40L, and the overexpression of CD28i augmented the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p21-activated kinase 2, and nuclear factor kappaB activation. These data indicate that CD28i, by functioning as a signaling adaptor, transduces CD40L signaling as well as CD28 signaling in human T cells.     

FLT3 ligand preserves the uncommitted CD34+CD38- progenitor cells during cytokine prestimulation for retroviral transduction

Before stem cell gene therapy can be considered for clinical applications, problems regarding cytokine prestimulation remain to be solved. In this study, a retroviral vector carrying the genes for the enhanced version of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin resistance (neo(r)) was used for transduction of CD34+ cells. The effect of cytokine prestimulation on transduction efficiency and the population of uncommitted CD34+CD38- cells was determined. CD34+ cells harvested from umbilical cord blood were kept in suspension cultures and stimulated with combinations of the cytokines stem cell factor (SCF), FLT3 ligand, interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and IL-7 prior to transduction. Expression of the two genes was assessed by flow cytometry and determination of neomycin-resistant colonies in a selective colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, respectively. The neomycin resistance gene was expressed in a higher percentage of cells than the EGFP gene, but there seemed to be a positive correlation between expression of the two genes. The effect of cytokine prestimulation was therefore monitored using EGFP as marker for transduction. When SCF was compared to SCF in combination with more potent cytokines, highest transduction efficiency was found with SCF and IL-3 and IL-6 (5.05% +/- 0.80 versus 2.66% +/- 0.53 with SCF alone, p = 0.04). However, prestimulation with SCF in combination with IL-3 and IL-6 also reduced the percentage of CD34+ cells (p = 0.02). Then, prestimulation with SCF and FLT3 ligand was compared. Significant difference in transduction efficiency was not found. Interestingly, FLT3 ligand seemed to preserve the population of CD34+CD38- cells compared to SCF (16.56% +/- 2.02 versus 9.39% +/- 2.35, p = 0.03). In conclusion, prestimulation with potent cytokine combinations increased the transduction efficiency, but reduced the fraction of CD34+ cells. Importantly, the use of FLT3 ligand seemed to preserve the population of uncommitted cells.     

Cyclosporin A inhibits CD40 ligand expression in T lymphocytes.

The ligand for CD40 is expressed on activated T lymphocytes and delivers contact-dependent activation signals to B lymphocytes. The mechanisms regulating CD40 ligand gene expression are largely unknown. Optimal expression of CD40 ligand required activation of protein kinase C and a rise in intracellular calcium concentration. CD40 ligand expression was inhibited by pretreatment of T cells with cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A analogues inhibited CD40 ligand expression with a potency mirroring the ability of each compound to inhibit calcineurin activity, indicating that calcineurin plays a key role in CD40 ligand gene expression. Cyclosporin A inhibited IL-4-driven CD40 ligand-dependent IgE isotype switching in PBMC but did not inhibit IgE synthesis induced by CD40 mAb plus IL-4. PBMC derived from transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A failed to express CD40 ligand upon stimulation. These results suggest that patients receiving cyclosporin A may be deficient in CD40 ligand-dependent T cell help.     

CD40 expression by human monocytes: regulation by cytokines and activation of monocytes by the ligand for CD40

CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family of cell surface proteins and was originally described as a B cell restricted antigen. Treatment of primary human monocytes with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in the induction of CD40 mRNA and enhancement of cell surface protein expression. CD40 was found to mediate monocyte adhesion to cells expressing recombinant CD40 ligand. CD40 ligand-transfected cells provided a potent costimulus for monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-3, or IFN-gamma, and enhanced IL-8 production stimulated by GM-CSF or IL- 3. In addition, CD40 ligand-transfected cells acting in the absence of a costimulus induced monocytes to become tumoricidal against a human melanoma cell target. Collectively, these data indicate that CD40 ligand is pleiotropic with potent biological activity on monocytes.     

Blood dendritic cells generated with Flt3 ligand and CD40 ligand prime CD8+ T cells efficiently in cancer patients

Flt3 ligand mobilizes dendritic cells (DCs) into blood, allowing generation in vivo of large numbers of DCs for immunotherapy. These immature DCs can be rapidly activated by soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L). We developed a novel overnight method using these cytokines to produce DCs for cancer immunotherapy. Flt3 ligand-mobilized DCs (FLDCs) were isolated, activated with CD40L, loaded with antigenic peptides from influenza matrix protein, hepatitis B core antigen, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4, and MAGE-A10, and injected into patients with resected melanoma. Three injections were given at 4-week intervals. Study end points included antigen-specific immune responses (skin reactions to peptides alone or peptide-pulsed FLDCs; circulating T-cell responses), safety, and toxicity. No patient had a measurable tumor. Six patients were entered. FLDCs were obtained, enriched, and cultured under Good Manufacturing Practice grade conditions. Overnight culture with soluble CD40L caused marked up-regulation of activation markers (CD83 and HLA-DR). These FLDCs were functional and able to stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro. No significant adverse events were attributable to FLDCs. Peptide-pulsed FLDCs caused strong local skin reactions up to 60 mm diameter with intense perivascular infiltration of T cells, exceeding those seen in our previous peptide-based protocols. Antigen-specific blood T-cell responses were induced, including responses to an antigen for which the patients were naive (hepatitis B core antigen) and MAGE-A10. MAGE-A10-specific T cells with a skewed T-cell receptor repertoire were detected in 1 patient in blood ex vivo and from tumor biopsies. Vaccination with FLDCs pulsed with peptides is safe and primes immune responses to cancer antigens.     

Expansion and fibronectin-enhanced retroviral transduction of primary human T lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy

Human lymphocytes remain among the most promising target cells for gene therapy. Gene-modified lymphocytes have been used successfully to treat adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient patients and to control GvHD after allogeneic BMT. Because activation and proliferation of T cells are necessary for efficient retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and subsequent selection of transduced cells, mononuclear cells (MNC) from steady-state and G-CSF-stimulated peripheral blood were activated by short exposure to the mitogen PHA, the anti-CD3 antibody OKT3, or both in the presence of different concentrations of recombinant IL-2. Using OKT3 (10 or 30 ng/ml) and IL-2 (100 U/ml), T cells expanded efficiently during a 14-day culture period. Cell expansion was similar under serum-free conditions. The immunophenotypic profile over time showed a marked increase in CD8+ cells, leading to a reversed CD4/CD8 ratio of 1:2 and a slight increase in CD56+ cells. Supernatant-based centrifugal transduction of primary human T lymphocytes was compared with supernatant transduction on the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Transduction with cell-free retrovirus-containing supernatant in tissue culture flasks coated with human plasma fibronectin led to significantly higher transduction efficiencies (20% +/- 7.5%) than centrifugal transduction in uncoated culture flasks (13.6% +/- 5.1%)(p = 0.041). To both rapidly characterize transduced cells and isolate these from residual nontransduced but biologically equivalent cells, an amphotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)-based retroviral vector containing the intracytoplasmically truncated human low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (deltaLNGFR) cDNA as a marker gene was used. FACS sorting of T cells after transduction resulted in >90% LNGFR+ cells and was much faster than enrichment of transduced cells through growth in G418-selection medium. These results show that supernatant-based retroviral gene transfer into primary human T lymphocytes can be enhanced by fibronectin. Ectopic expression of a cell surface protein can be used to rapidly and conveniently quantitate transduction efficiency through FACS analysis and to efficiently enrich transduced cells through FACS sorting.     

Glucocorticoids upregulate CD40 ligand expression and induce CD40L-dependent immunoglobulin isotype switching

IL-4 and CD40 ligation are essential for IgE synthesis by B cells. We have shown previously that hydrocortisone (HC) induces IgE synthesis in IL-4-stimulated human B cells. In this study we demonstrate that HC fails to induce IgE synthesis in B cells from CD40 ligand-deficient (CD40L-deficient) patients. Disruption of CD40L-CD40 interactions by soluble CD40-Ig fusion protein or anti-CD40L mAb blocked the capacity of HC to induce IgE synthesis in normal B cells. HC upregulated CD40L mRNA expression in PBMCs and surface expression of CD40L in PBMCs as well as in purified populations of T and B cells. Upregulation of CD40L mRNA in PBMCs occurred 3 hours after stimulation with HC and was inhibited by actinomycin D. Upregulation of CD40L mRNA and induction of IgE synthesis by HC were inhibited by the steroid hormone receptor antagonist RU-486. These results indicate that ligand-mediated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor upregulates CD40L expression in human lymphocytes.     

Functional CD40 ligand is expressed by T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.

CD40 ligand (CD40-L), a member of the tumor necrosis family of transmembrane glycoproteins, is rapidly and transiently expressed on the surface of recently activated CD4+ T cells. Interactions between CD40-L and CD40 induce B cell immunoglobulin production as well as monocyte activation and dendritic cell differentiation. Since these features characterize rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression and function of CD40-L in RA was examined. Freshly isolated RA peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) T cells expressed CD40-L mRNA as well as low level cell surface CD40-L. An additional subset of CD4+ RA SF T cells upregulated cell surface CD40-L expression within 15 min of in vitro activation even in the presence of cycloheximide, but soluble CD40-L was not found in SF. CD40-L expressed by RA T cells was functional, since RA PB and SF T cells but not normal PB T cells stimulated CD40-L-dependent B cell immunoglobulin production and dendritic cell IL-12 expression in the absence of prolonged in vitro T cell activation. In view of the diverse proinflammatory effects of CD40-L, this molecule is likely to play a central role in the perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. Of importance, blockade of CD40-L may prove highly effective as a disease modifying therapy for RA.     

Lentiviral transduction of the murine lung provides efficient pseudotype and developmental stage-dependent cell-specific transgene expression

Gene transfer for cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease has been hampered by the lung's innate refractivity to pathogen infection. We hypothesized that early intervention with an integrating gene transfer vector capable of transducing the lung via the lumen may be a successful therapeutic approach. An HIV-based lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the baculovirus gp64 envelope was applied to the fetal, neonatal or adult airways. Fetal intra-amniotic administration resulted in transduction of approximately 14% of airway epithelial cells, including both ciliated and non-ciliated epithelia of the upper, mid and lower airways; there was negligible alveolar or nasal transduction. Following neonatal intra-nasal administration we observed significant transduction of the airway epithelium (approximately 11%), although mainly in the distal lung, and substantial alveolar transduction. This expression was still detectable at 1 year after application. In the adult, the majority of transduction was restricted to the alveoli. In contrast, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped virus transduced only alveoli after adult and neonatal application and no transduction was observed after fetal administration. Repeat administration did not increase transduction levels of the conducting airway epithelia. These data demonstrate that application at early developmental stages in conjunction with an appropriately pseudotyped virus provides efficient, high-level transgene expression in the murine lung. This may provide a modality for treatment for lung disease in CF.     

CD40 ligand and MHC class II expression are essential for human peripheral B cell tolerance

Hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndromes are primary immunodeficiencies characterized by defects of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. HIGM patients who carry mutations in the CD40-ligand (CD40L) gene expressed by CD4(+) T cells suffer from recurrent infections and often develop autoimmune disorders. To investigate the impact of CD40L-CD40 interactions on human B cell tolerance, we tested by ELISA the reactivity of recombinant antibodies isolated from single B cells from three CD40L-deficient patients. Antibody characteristics and reactivity from CD40L-deficient new emigrant B cells were similar to those from healthy donors, suggesting that CD40L-CD40 interactions do not regulate central B cell tolerance. In contrast, mature naive B cells from CD40L-deficient patients expressed a high proportion of autoreactive antibodies, including antinuclear antibodies. Thus, CD40L-CD40 interactions are essential for peripheral B cell tolerance. In addition, a patient with the bare lymphocyte syndrome who could not express MHC class II molecules failed to counterselect autoreactive mature naive B cells, suggesting that peripheral B cell tolerance also depends on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-T cell receptor (TCR) interactions. The decreased frequency of MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) regulatory T cells in CD40L-deficient patients suggests that these T cells may mediate peripheral B cell tolerance through CD40L-CD40 and MHC class II-TCR interactions.     

Generation of human CD8 T regulatory cells by CD40 ligand-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Although CD8 T cell-mediated immunosuppression has been a well-known phenomenon during the last three decades, the nature of primary CD8 T suppressor cells and the mechanism underlying their generation remain enigmatic. We demonstrated that naive CD8 T cells primed with allogeneic CD40 ligand-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC)2 differentiated into CD8 T cells that displayed poor secondary proliferative and cytolytic responses. By contrast, naive CD8 T cells primed with allogeneic CD40 ligand-activated monocyte-derived DCs (DC1) differentiated into CD8 T cells, which proliferated to secondary stimulation and killed allogeneic target cells. Unlike DC1-primed CD8 T cells that produced large amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma upon restimulation, DC2-primed CD8 T cells produced significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-10, low IFN-gamma, and no IL-4, IL-5, nor transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The addition of anti-IL-10-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies during DC2 and CD8 T cell coculture, completely blocked the generation of IL-10-producing anergic CD8 T cells. IL-10-producing CD8 T cells strongly inhibit the allospecific proliferation of naive CD8 T cells to monocytes, and mature and immature DCs. This inhibition was mediated by IL-10, but not by TGF-beta. IL-10-producing CD8 T cells could inhibit the bystander proliferation of naive CD8 T cells, provided that they were restimulated nearby to produce IL-10. IL-10-producing CD8 T cells could not inhibit the proliferation of DC1-preactivated effector T cells. This study demonstrates that IL-10-producing CD8 T cells are regulatory T cells, which provides a cellular basis for the phenomenon of CD8 T cell-mediated immunosuppression and suggests a role for plasmacytoid DC2 in immunological tolerance.     

Effect of CD40--CD40 ligand interaction on diacylglycerol-protein kinase C and inositol trisphosphate-Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence shows that CD40-CD40L interaction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The mechanism of CD40-CD40L interaction might be related to signal transduction via receptor. The transduction pathway of the CD40 receptor may involve the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) which induces the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) leading to the increase of the intracellular free calcium on one hand, and of diacylglycerol (DAG) which stimulates the translocation to the membrane of protein kinase C (PKC). METHODS: Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical vein and incubated with indicated concentrations of CD40 ligand (CD40L) for various periods. The DAG levels in HUVEC were studied with radioenzymatic assay. Quantitative measurements of 32P phosphatidic acid were performed by thin-layer chromatography and autoradiography. IP(3) was quantitatively measured by the radioreceptor binding assay. The activity of PKC and [Ca(2+)]i induced by CD40L were measured by its ability to transfer phosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP to lysine-rich histone and flow cytometric analysis loading with the Ca(2+) dye fluo3/Am, respectively. RESULTS: The DAG levels were raised by CD40L in a dose-dependent, biphasic manner. The early phase was rapid and transient, peaking at 20 s; and the late phase reached the maximal level at 10 min and then decayed slowly. CD40L increased the PKC total activity in a dose-dependent manner with phase peaking at 12 min, then decreased slowly and maintained for at least 20 min. The results also showed that CD40L induced PKC activity translocation from the cytosolic to membrane. Similarly, the CD40L-induced transient IP(3) formation was coincident with the first peak of DAG formation. Moreover, CD40L also induced biphasic [Ca(2+)]i responses including the rapid initial transient phase and the sustained phase. Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody can significantly suppress CD40L-induced DAG-PKC and IP(3)-[Ca(2+)]i signal pathway activation in HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS: CD40-CD40 ligand interaction can induce a robust stimulation of the DAG-PKC and inositol trisphosphate-Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway in HUVEC.     

Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production.

We investigated the role of the costimulatory molecules, CD40 and its ligand CD40L, in the pathogenesis of human SLE. In comparison to normal subjects or patients in remission, PBMC from active lupus patients had a 21-fold increase in the frequency of CD40L-expressing, CD4+T cells. However, the expression of CD40L induced in either lupus or normal T cells by mitogenic stimulation could be down-regulated equally well by CD40 molecules on autologous B cells. Active lupus patients also had a 22-fold increase in percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing CD40L, consistent with their unusual helper activity in SLE. Surprisingly, patients with active lupus had a 20.5-fold increase in B cells that spontaneously expressed high levels of CD40L, as strongly as their T cells. Although lupus patients in remission had low levels of CD40L+ cells in the range of normal subjects, mitogen-induced upregulation of CD40L expression in the T and B cells was markedly greater than normal, suggesting an intrinsic defect. A mAb to CD40L blocked significantly the ability of lymphocytes from lupus patients with active and established disease to produce the pathogenic variety of antinuclear autoantibodies in vitro, bolstering the possibility of anti-CD40L immunotherapy for lupus. Future studies on the hyperexpression of CD40L could elucidate a regulatory defect in the pathogenic T and B cells of lupus.     

Adenovirus-mediated expresssion of the murine ecotropic receptor facilitates transduction of human hematopoietic cells with an ecotropic retroviral vector.

One factor limiting the ability to modify human repopulating hematopoietic cells genetically with retroviral vectors is the relatively low expression of the cognate viral receptor. We have tested sequential transduction of human hematopoietic cells with an adenoviral vector encoding the ecotropic retroviral receptor followed by transduction with an ecotropic retroviral vector. Adenoviral transduction of K562 erythroleukemia cells was highly efficiently with >95% of cells expressing the ecotropic receptor at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 103with a correspondingly high transduction with a retroviral vector. Ecotropic receptor expression in CD34+ cells following transduction with adenoviral vectors was increased by at least two-fold (from 20 to 48%) by replacing the RSV promoter with the CMV E1a promoter, resulting in a parallel increase in retroviral transduction efficiency. Replacing the head portion of the fiber protein in conventional adenoviral vectors (serotype 5) with the corresponding portion from an adenoviral 3 serotype resulted in ecotropic receptor expression in 60% of CD34+ cells at an MOI of 104 and a retroviral transduction of 60% of hematopoietic clonogenic progenitors. The sequential transduction strategy also resulted in efficient transduction of the primitive CD34+CD38- subset suggesting that it may hold promise for genetic modification of human hematopoietic stem cells.     

Efficient transduction and long-term retroviral expression of the melanoma-associated tumor antigen tyrosinase in CD34(+) cord blood-derived dendritic cells

Differentiation of genetically modified CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells into dendritic cells (DCs) will contribute to the development of immunotherapeutic anticancer protocols. Retroviral vectors that have been used for the transduction of CD34(+) cells face the problem of gene silencing when integrated into the genome of repopulating stem cells. We reasoned that a high copy number of retroviral DNA sequences might overcome silencing of transgene expression during expansion and differentiation of progenitor cells into functional DCs. To prove this, we utilized a retroviral vector with bicistronic expression of the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Human cord blood CD34(+) cells were transduced with vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G) pseudotyped Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) particles using 100-150 multiplicity of infection. During expansion of transduced cells with immature phenotype, transgene expression was strongly silenced, but upon differentiation into mature DCs, residual transgene expression was retained. Intracellular processing of the provirally expressed tyrosinase was tested in a chromium release assay utilizing a cytotoxic T cell clone specific for a HLA-A*0201-restricted tyrosinase peptide. We suggest that retroviral transduction of tumor-associated antigens in hematopoietic progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into DCs is a suitable basis for the development of potent anti-tumor vaccines.     

辛伐他汀对人脐静脉内细胞CD40／CD40L表达的影响

目的：探讨辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激下的人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40／CD40L表达的影响。方法：实验于2004—03／06在中南大学湘雅二医院实验室完成。实验所用脐带于无菌条件下取自本院产房健康新生儿，产妇知情同意，实验符合赫尔辛基宣言中的伦理学标准。辛伐他汀原粉由杭州默沙东制药公司提供。原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞，实验在第4代有70％细胞汇合的情况下进行。低密度脂蛋白快速分离后加入含10μmol／L硫酸铜的磷酸盐缓冲液氧化修饰24h，在准备后15d内用于实验。采用流式细胞技术检测CD40／CD40L在细胞上的表达，采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应检测NF-κBP65 mRNA，同时行细胞免疫化学染色检测细胞NF-κBP65的表达。观察辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40／CD40L分子和NF-κB P65 mRNA的影响实验中，共分5组：①空白对照组，给予磷酸盐缓冲液。②氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组，80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。③低浓度辛伐他汀组，先予1μmol／L辛伐他汀干预1h，再予80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。④高浓度辛伐他汀组，先予10μmol／L辛伐他汀干预1h，再予80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。⑤单纯辛伐他汀组，10μmol／L辛伐他汀干预25h。免疫化学检测人脐静脉内皮细胞NF-κBP65分子表达的实验中，共分3组：①空白对照组，给予磷酸盐缓冲液。②氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组，80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。③辛伐他汀组，10μmol／L辛伐他汀干预1h，再予80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。结果：①氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞后CD40／CD40L的表达情况：20-80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h后，CD40／CD40L的表达以浓度依赖和时间依赖的方式增加。②辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激的人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40／CD40L表达的影响：预先给予辛伐他汀（1μmol／L和10μmol／L）干预1h明显降低氧化低密度脂蛋白所致的CD40／CD40L表达，与单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组比较，差异显著（P均〈0．05）；10μmol／L的高浓度辛伐他汀较1μmol／L的低浓度辛伐他汀作用更明显（P〈0．05）；而单纯给予10μLmol／L的辛伐他汀干预不影响人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40／CD40L的表达。③辛伐他汀对NF-v：BP65 mRNA在人脐静脉内皮细胞表达的影响：人脐静脉内皮细胞中加入80mg／L氧化低密度脂蛋白培养24h后NF-κB mRNA的表达明显高于空白对照组（0．53&;#177;0．06，0．08&;#177;0．01，P〈0．01）。而预先给予1μmol／L辛伐他汀孵育lh显著降低氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激升高的NF-κB P65 mRNA，明显低于单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组（0．31&;#177;0．04，0．53&;#177;0．06，P〈0．01）。高浓度组（10μmol／L）作用更显著，显著低于单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组（0．14&;#177;0．04，0．53&;#177;0．06，P〈0．01），而单纯给予辛伐他汀（10μmol／L）不影响人脐静脉内皮细胞NF-κB P65 mRNA的表达。结论：氧化低密度脂蛋白以浓度和时间依赖的方式刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40/CD40L，而辛伐他汀以剂量依赖的方式减轻氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激下人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40/CD40L的表达，可能与其抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的NF—κBP65的表达有关。提示辛伐他汀可通过抑制高脂血症患者炎症信号通路而到达抗动脉硬化的作用。     

共信号分子CD40/CD40L质粒标准品的构建

背景:目前,对CD40/D40L的研究主要集中在可溶性和蛋白方面,对其在转录水平上的研究文献不多,可能与其无商品化质粒标准品有关.目的:构建检测CD40/CD40L mRNA表达水平差异的标准品.设计、时间及地点:单一样本实验,于2009-04在苏州大学附属第一医院检验科实验室完成.材料:取手术切除的子宫肌瘤组织,经患者知情同意.方法:以手术切除的子宫肌瘤组织细胞的总RNA为模板、Random 6mers为引物反转录合成cDNA,用该cDNA为模板PCR扩增人CD40/CD40L基因相应的cDNA片断,构建PMD-18-CD40/CD40L重组质粒,鉴定测序后,用荧光定量PCR制作标准曲线.主要观察指标:①RNA质量检测结果.②扩增的目的片段电泳结果.③CD40/CD40L基因测序结果.④标准品的扩增情况.结果:组织提取的总RNA完整性良好,构建的CD40/CD40L质粒经PCR扩增后分别得到136 bp,200 bp的清晰条带,测序结果与目的片段完全一致,且质粒的原始浓度为2.66×10~(13)、2.45×10~(13) copies/mL,倍比稀释至2.0×10~6 copies/mL均能得到良好的标准曲线(R~2=1).结论:实验成功构建了CD40/CD40L基因荧光定量PCR标准质粒.     

辛伐他汀对人脐静脉内细胞CD40/CD40L表达的影响

目的:探讨辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激下的人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40/CD40L表达的影响。方法:实验于2004-03/06在中南大学湘雅二医院实验室完成。实验所用脐带于无菌条件下取自本院产房健康新生儿,产妇知情同意,实验符合赫尔辛基宣言中的伦理学标准。辛伐他汀原粉由杭州默沙东制药公司提供。原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,实验在第4代有70%细胞汇合的情况下进行。低密度脂蛋白快速分离后加入含10μmol/L硫酸铜的磷酸盐缓冲液氧化修饰24h,在准备后15d内用于实验。采用流式细胞技术检测CD40/CD40L在细胞上的表达,采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应检测NF-κBP65mRNA,同时行细胞免疫化学染色检测细胞NF-κBP65的表达。观察辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40/CD40L分子和NF-κBP65mRNA的影响实验中,共分5组:①空白对照组,给予磷酸盐缓冲液。②氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组,80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。③低浓度辛伐他汀组,先予1μmol/L辛伐他汀干预1h,再予80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。④高浓度辛伐他汀组,先予10μmol/L辛伐他汀干预1h,再予80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。⑤单纯辛伐他汀组,10μmol/L辛伐他汀干预25h。免疫化学检测人脐静脉内皮细胞NF-κBP65分子表达的实验中,共分3组:①空白对照组,给予磷酸盐缓冲液。②氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组,80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。③辛伐他汀组,10μmol/L辛伐他汀干预1h,再予80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h。结果:①氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞后CD40/CD40L的表达情况:20～80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养24h后,CD40/CD40L的表达以浓度依赖和时间依赖的方式增加。②辛伐他汀对氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激的人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40/CD40L表达的影响:预先给予辛伐他汀(1μmol/L和10μmol/L)干预1h明显降低氧化低密度脂蛋白所致的CD40/CD40L表达,与单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组比较,差异显著(P均<0.05);10μmol/L的高浓度辛伐他汀较1μmol/L的低浓度辛伐他汀作用更明显(P<0.05);而单纯给予10μmol/L的辛伐他汀干预不影响人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40/CD40L的表达。③辛伐他汀对NF-κBP65mRNA在人脐静脉内皮细胞表达的影响:人脐静脉内皮细胞中加入80mg/L氧化低密度脂蛋白培养24h后NF-κBmRNA的表达明显高于空白对照组(0.53±0.06,0.08±0.01,P<0.01)。而预先给予1μmol/L辛伐他汀孵育1h显著降低氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激升高的NF-κBP65mRNA,明显低于单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组(0.31±0.04,0.53±0.06,P<0.01)。高浓度组(10μmol/L)作用更显著,显著低于单纯氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激组(0.14±0.04,0.53±0.06,P<0.01),而单纯给予辛伐他汀(10μmol/L)不影响人脐静脉内皮细胞NF-κBP65mRNA的表达。结论:氧化低密度脂蛋白以浓度和时间依赖的方式刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40/CD40L,而辛伐他汀以剂量依赖的方式减轻氧化低密度脂蛋白刺激下人脐静脉内皮细胞CD40/CD40L的表达,可能与其抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的NF-κBP65的表达有关。提示辛伐他汀可通过抑制高脂血症患者炎症信号通路而到达抗动脉硬化的作用。