实时荧光定量PCR检测五日热巴通体

目的 采用TaqMan-MGB探针建立检测五日热巴通体的实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR）方法。方法 根据五日热巴通体特异的16-23S rRNA间隔区序列设计引物和探针，以克隆的16-23S rRNA间隔区基因片段作DNA模板，建立了检测五日热巴通体实时荧光定量检测方法。结果 建立的定量标准曲线的循环阈值（Ct）与模板拷贝数呈良好的线性关系（r=0．996）；与普通PCR相比较，荧光定量PCR检测的灵敏度约为它的200倍。用荧光定量PCR检测其它相关立克次体和细菌，检出结果为阴性。实时荧光定量PCR检测五日热巴通体实验感染小鼠血、脾脏、肝脏和肺组织DNA样本，脾脏和肝脏样本中检出较高水平五日热巴通体DNA，血和肺部检出的目的DNA的水平较低。结论 本研究建立的检测五日热巴通体的实时荧光定量PCR法具有很高的检测灵敏度和特异性，可用于临床患者血样本的检测，作五日热的早期诊断。     

检测贝氏柯克斯体的实时荧光定量PCR

目的采用新型TaqMan-MGB探针建立检测贝氏柯克斯体的实时荧光定量PCR(real-timequantitativePCR)方法。方法根据贝氏柯克斯体特异的23SrRNA插入基因序列设计引物和探针,以克隆的23SrRNA插入基因片段作DNA模板,在荧光定量PCR检测仪(ABI7900型)上建立实时荧光定量检测方法。结果建立的定量标准曲线的循环阈值(Ct)与模板拷贝数呈良好的线性关系(r=0.997);与套式PCR相比较,荧光定量PCR检测敏感性是其100倍。用荧光定量PCR检测其它相关立克次体,检出结果均为0。用荧光定量PCR检测贝氏柯克斯体感染的小鼠脾脏标本,脾脏中贝氏柯克斯体的感染量与感染过程具有相关性。结论本研究建立的检测贝氏柯克斯体的实时荧光定量PCR具有很高的特异性和敏感性,特别适合样本中微量贝氏柯克斯体DNA的检测,其定量检测可用于动物实验中的贝氏柯克斯体感染程度的分析。     

基因芯片技术检测恙虫病东方体DNA的方法建立

目的　研制用于东方体检测的基因芯片 ,建立快速、灵敏、特异的恙虫病诊断方法。方法　根据东方体 5 6kD外膜蛋白基因序列 ,设计群特异性引物及探针 ,制备寡核苷酸芯片。用Cy3标记的引物 ,利用不对称PCR技术扩增DNA片段 ,将扩增的DNA片段与芯片上的探针杂交 ,用荧光扫描仪检测并分析信号。结果　建立的基因芯片能够检测恙虫病东方体标准株DNA的特异性荧光信号。具有特异、灵敏、快速的优点。结论　成功制备的基因芯片有望应用于恙虫病东方体多种样本的检测 ,为恙虫病提供最为理想的诊断方法。     

基于GroEL基因的实时荧光定量PCR检测恙虫病东方体方法的建立及评价

目的 建立一种敏感、特异的实时荧光定量PCR方法,用于检测临床标本中的恙虫病东方体。方法 根据恙虫病东方体GroEL蛋白基因序列设计引物和探针,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。并从灵敏度、特异度、重复性及临床标本的检测能力等方面对本方法进行综合评价。结果 建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法具有良好的特异性,可检测出恙虫病东方体Gilliam、Karp、Kato和Kawasaki株。建立的标准曲线循环阈值(Ct)与模板拷贝数呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.99),灵敏度分析显示样品最低检出浓度为21.8拷贝/μL。批内及批间重复性实验变异系数均小于1.5%,显示本方法具有良好的重复性。对本实验室保存的82份临床标本进行检测,并与常规巢式PCR方法比较,本方法检测出26份阳性标本中的25份,检出率为96.15%。结论 本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法具有较高的敏感性、特异性和稳定性,可用于临床病人及暴发疫情的实验室快速检测。     

套式PCR应用于恙虫病鼠类标本的检测研究

目的　评价基因扩增法应用于检测鼠类标本调查恙虫病疫源地的作用。方法　用一定量恙虫病东方体人工感染昆明种小鼠 ,攻击后第 3、6、9天处死小鼠取血块及脾脏用特异性套式 PCR技术进行恙虫病东方体 DNA的检测 ,再用该技术测定现场采集的鼠类标本 ,以可从标本中扩增出一段长 88bp的 DNA片段作为实验或现场捕获鼠感染了恙虫病东方体的指标 ,继而估计该地区是否存在恙虫病疫源地。结果　实验感染恙虫病东方体 3天时在两类标本中均不能检出该病原 DNA,而第6天测定时均可发现含有恙虫病东方体 ;从福建闽西北地区采集的 111份鼠类脾脏中检出 1份阳性标本 ,另从江西送检的 2 9份野鼠血块中也检出 1份阳性标本 ,说明采集标本区域已成为恙虫病疫源地。结论　套式 PCR扩增技术具有很好的特异性和敏感性 ,可用于现场鼠类标本的恙虫病病原学的调查。     

荧光定量PCR检测嗜吞噬细胞无形体

目的采用新型TaqMan-MGB探针建立检测嗜吞噬细胞无形体的实时荧光定量PCR(quantitativereal-timePCR)方法。方法依据gltA基因序列设计嗜吞噬细胞无形体特异引物和探针,以克隆的嗜吞噬细胞无形体gltA基因片段作DNA模板,在荧光定量PCR检测仪(ABI7900HT)上建立实时荧光定量检测方法。结果建立的定量标准曲线的循环阈值(Ct)与模板拷贝数呈良好的线性关系(r=0.996);与套式PCR相比较,荧光定量PCR检测的灵敏度是其100倍。用荧光定量PCR检测其它相关立克次体和细菌DNA样本,检出结果几乎为0;对荧光定量PCR检测重复性进行分析,变异系数(CV)批内和批间误差在0~2.1%之间,证明该荧光定量PCR具有种特异性和良好的重复性。用荧光定量PCR检测体疑染嗜吞噬细胞无形体的10份蜱和30份小鼠脾脏标本,结果与套式PCR检测结果有密切相关性,但是定量PCR检测敏感性和准确率均高于套式PCR。结论本研究建立的检测嗜吞噬细胞无形体的实时荧光定量PCR具有很高的特异性和敏感性,特别适合检出样本中微量嗜吞噬细胞无形体。     

贝氏柯克斯体实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及对云南鼠标本检测

目的 建立贝氏柯克斯体荧光定量PCR方法并应用于云南省鼠标本的检测.方法 根据贝氏柯克斯体ISlllla基因设计引物和探针,以克隆的ISlllla基因片断(485 bp)作标准DNA模板,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并与普通巢式PCR方法进行比较.采用2种方法对云南玉溪自然界采集的鼠各类标本进行检测分析,计算2种方法的检出率.结果 实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线的循环阈值(cycle threshold,Ct)与模板拷贝数呈良好的线性关系(r=-0.999),重复性测试Ct变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)为0.25%～3.98%,灵敏度为巢式PCR的10倍.以其他立克次体和常见病原菌共26种DNA为模板进行特异性检测,结果均为阴性.实时荧光定量PCR检测鼠血、肝脏、脾脏中的贝氏柯克斯体,阳性率分别为32.31%、61.29%、85.19%;巢式PCR法检测相应标本阳性率分别为27.69%、11.29%、74.07%;间接免疫荧光试验检测鼠血清中贝氏柯克斯体IgG抗体阳性率为26.15%.结论 本实验建立的实时荧光定量PCR比巢式PCR敏感,且具有良好的特异性,可用于人群和动物贝氏柯克斯体感染监测及临床标本的检测.     

安徽三界地区啮齿动物感染恙虫病东方体调查

目的调查安徽三界地区啮齿动物自然感染恙虫病东方体分离株,并确定其基因型别。方法流行季节在野外用鼠笼捕鼠并鉴定鼠种、携螨率;巢式PCR对鼠脏器进行恙虫病东方体56kD基因片段检测;将鼠脏器接种小自鼠进行病原体分离,PCR扩增分离株0t56kD基因片段,并将目的片段进行测序,基因序列同源性及进化分析。结果捕获啮齿动物数及其携螨率,黑线姬鼠60％（15／25）;褐家鼠45．5％（5／11）;东方田鼠和购睛各2只,均阴性。40只野鼠脏器有3只恙虫病东方体PCR扩增阳性,阳性率为7．5％;从黑线姬鼠标本中分离到1株恙虫病东方体Sanjie,56kD基因片段测定该株与台湾TT071la和NT0511b分离株同源性最高（98％）,系统发生树分析也显示与Kawasaki型共处于同一分支。结论安徽三界地区存在鼠类恙虫病东方体自然感染,黑线姬鼠为其主要宿主,当地恙虫病东方体属Kawasaki基因型。     

立克次氏体传染病

山东地区恙虫病30例临床分析；孕产妇合并恙虫病4例误诊分析；秋冬型恙虫病30例肾损害临床分析；静注氯霉素对恙虫病血液学改变的影响；恙虫病125例临床分析；小儿恙虫病34例诊断体会；实时荧光定量PCR检测恙虫病东方体；中原地区恙虫病血清学检测报告；     

安徽省颍上县野鼠体外寄生螨及恙虫病东方体感染调查北大核心CSCD

目的调查颍上县野鼠的种类、体外寄生恙螨的种类以及恙虫病东方体的感染情况。方法于2019年9~11月在阜阳市颍上县的十八里铺镇、半岗镇、耿棚镇等地采用笼日法捕获野鼠,采集野鼠体表的恙螨,并对野鼠和恙螨的种类进行鉴定,计算带恙螨率和带恙螨指数;无菌操作解剖野鼠,并采集野鼠的脾脏,低温保存,分别提取脾脏和恙螨的总DNA,采用巢氏PCR扩增恙虫病东方体56 kD表面蛋白基因。结果共捕鼠50只,其中黑线姬鼠有45只,为当地野外的优势鼠种。共采获寄生螨虫776只,隶属于4科5属7种,其中恙螨的数目最多,共759只,带恙螨的野鼠有33只,总带恙螨率是66.00%,带恙螨指数是15.18。恙螨占97.81%,属于1科1属3种;其次是革螨,17只,占2.19%,属3科4属4种。小盾纤恙螨是当地恙螨的优势种(597只,占78.66%),其次是高湖纤恙螨(107只,15.16%),须纤恙螨最少(55只,7.79%);革螨包括毒厉螨(7只),耶厉螨(6只),囊螨(1只)和鞍形赫刺螨(3只)。对50只野鼠的脾脏标本进行恙虫病东方体PCR检测,均为阴性。30份恙螨标本中有1份恙虫病东方体PCR检测为阳性,阳性率为3.34%。结论颍上县野鼠带恙螨率和带恙螨指数比较高,恙螨中发现自然感染恙虫病东方体,应开展人群流行病学调查。     

Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay specific for Orientia tsutsugamushi

Two specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to detect and quantitate Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, using a portion of the 47-kD outer membrane protein antigen/ high temperature requirement A gene as the target. A selected 47-kD protein gene primer pair amplified a 118-basepair fragment from all 26 strains of O. tsutsugamushi evaluated, but it did not produce amplicons when 17 Rickettsia and 18 less-related bacterial nucleic acid extracts were tested. Similar agent specificity for the real-time PCR assay, which used the same primers and a 31-basepair fluorescent probe, was demonstrated. This sensitive and quantitative assay determination of the content of O. tsutsugamushi nucleic acid used a plasmid containing the entire 47-kD gene from the Kato strain as a standard. Enumeration of the copies of O. tsutsugamushi DNA extracted from infected tissues from mice and monkeys following experimental infection with Orientia showed 27-5552 copies/microL of mouse blood, 14448-86012 copies/microL of mouse liver/spleen homogenate, and 3-21 copies/microL of monkey blood.     

实时PCR在大肠杆菌O157∶H7快速检测中的应用

目的建立一种快速、敏感、特异的大肠杆菌O157∶H7的定量检测方法。方法根据GenBank公布的O157∶H7大肠杆菌rfbE基因序列,应用分子生物学软件进行序列比对,在该基因的保守区设计引物和TaqMan探针,对荧光定量PCR反应条件进行优化,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7的反应体系,并对该法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行了评价。结果所有大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株的检测结果均为阳性,而所有其它菌株检测结果均为阴性;该方法检测的灵敏度可达1cfu/μL,重复性检测的变异系数均小于5%。在模拟污染牛奶中,可检出1×102cfu/μL的细菌。从细菌核酸提取至完成检测约需3h。结论本研究建立的基于Taqman探针技术的实时PCR检测体系具有快速、灵敏度高、特异性强等优点,可用于大肠杆菌O157∶H7食物中毒的快速诊断和食品微生物检测,为食源性疾病的分子流行病学调查提供新的检测手段。     

Development of a real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of scrub typhus cases in India and evidence of the prevalence of new genotype of O. tsutsugamushi

A qualitative syber green real-time PCR with primers designed for a truncated portion of the 56kDa major outer membrane antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi was used to diagnose scrub typhus from the blood or serum of suspected patients. Sixty-six blood and/or sera samples from fever cases, either with high index of suspicion for scrub typhus and/or positive by Weil-Felix test (> or = 1:160), were tested with the PCR. Specificity of the PCR was confirmed by end point melt curve analysis and sequencing of the amplicons. A nested PCR for determination of the serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi was performed on to the samples. In real-time PCR strong positive fluorescence was obtained in 73% of the suspected samples. Serotype-specific PCR amplification of some of the positive samples was indicative of the Kuroki type whereas the rest were non-responsive to this test. Sequence analyses of PCR amplicons indicated the presence of new, previously undescribed type of O. tsutsugamushi in this region. This one-step real-time PCR can be used for the detection and confirmation of scrub typhus, when used independently or in conjunction with, the Weil-Felix test, which is still the only available detection test for scrub typhus in most parts of the developing world. Elaborate studies need to be taken up to further evaluate its suitability as specific molecular tool for the diagnosis of scrub typhus and to delineate the prevalent strain types in these regions for a clear epidemiological understanding of this emerging infectious disease.     

Comparison of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with three other assays for quantitation of hepatitis C virus

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evaluation of serum levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is important for predicting the response to interferon treatment and monitoring its therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a method for the measurement of HCV-RNA. METHODS: The subjects were 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C: 36 with genotype 1b, eight with genotype 2a, and six with genotype 2b. Samples were tested for HCV-RNA by using real-time quantitative PCR with the ABI Prism 7700 sequence detection system, a branched DNA signal amplification assay, and an Amplicor monitor test; and for HCV core protein by using a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The detection range of the real-time quantitative PCR was between 10(1)-10(8) copies/mL of HCV-RNA. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detectable in all 50 samples by the use of real-time quantitative PCR, but was undetectable in 14 samples by the use of a branched DNA assay and in two samples by using the Amplicor monitor test; HCV core protein was undetectable in three samples. A significant correlation was found between the results of real-time quantitative PCR and those of the three other assays: branched DNA assay (r = 0.837, P < 0.0001), Amplicor monitor test (r = 0.853, P < 0.0001), and HCV core protein concentrations (r = 0.549, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the real-time quantitative PCR was a highly sensitive assay for the measurement of HCV-RNA.     

基于SYBR Green检测微小隐孢子虫的实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

目的建立一种方便快捷的检测微小隐孢子虫的实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）方法。方法根据GenBank公布的微小隐孢子虫18s rRNA基因序列设计1对引物,通过质粒DNA和卵囊检测标准曲线的绘制及特异性和重复性的研究,建立检测微小隐孢子虫的基于SYBR Green的Real-time PCR方法,进而对奶牛粪便进行检测。结果建立的Real-time PCR法对检测微小隐孢子虫具有很高的特异性,质粒DNA和卵囊的检测阈值分别达到1个拷贝和10个卵囊,奶牛粪便阳性率为25.93%（21/81）,高于普通PCR检测率20.99%（17/80）。结论建立的Real-timePCR方法简便、快速,特异性强,敏感度高,可用于微小隐孢子虫的快速定量检测。     

An application of duplex PCR for detection of Leptospira spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi from wild rodents

Duplex PCR is useful for detecting two different agents from the same specimen. Kidney specimens are the most suitable for detection of Leptospira spp. For Orientia tsutsugamushi, blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens are considered the most suitable. For this study, kidney tissues were the only specimens obtainable for the PCR. Blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens were not available. However, by using the PCR for scrub typhus, O. tsutsugamushi was detected in the kidney of one rodent. This result shows that kidney specimens can be used to detect O. tsutsugamushi using PCR. Further studies will be necessary in order to be able to compare the detection ratio of O. tsutsugamushi using kidney specimens and blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens.     

Short report: detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in clinical samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

Orientia tsutsugamushi infection causes scrub typhus, a common zoonosis of rural Asia. Orientia tsutsugamushi was recently detected by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay in animal specimens. We evaluated the same qPCR assay in specimens obtained from patients with serologically proven scrub typhus infections. The 47-kDa qPCR assay was more sensitive than was mouse inoculation; it was reactive in whole blood specimens from all 10 isolate-positive patients and in 7 of 17 isolate-negative individuals (P = 0.003, Fisher's two-tailed exact test). As few as 1,076 O. tsutsugamushi copies/microL were detected in whole blood. Four of 7 sera from isolate-proven scrub typhus infections were also reactive by qPCR. The assay was unreactive in all 12 individuals without scrub typhus infection. This is the first demonstration of a sensitive and specific real-time qPCR assay for human scrub typhus infection.     

PCR-反向点杂交基因分型与实时荧光定量PCR检测人乳头瘤病毒的研究

目的评价PCR-反向点杂交基因分型与实时荧光定量PCR在检测人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的意义。方法同时采用PCR-反向点杂交基因分型和实时荧光定量PCR对121例女性宫颈脱离细胞标本进行HPV检测。其中PCR-反向点杂交基因分型能检测23种HPV亚型,实时荧光定量PCR定量检测常见的13种高危HPV亚型。结果 PCR-反向点杂交基因分型检测HPV的阳性率为28.10%(34/121),实时荧光定量PCR检测HPV的阳性率为16.53%(20/121),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二者检测的符合率为93.39%(113/121)。结论 PCR-反向杂交基因分型适用于HPV感染的筛查,而实时荧光定量PCR适用于HPV感染相关疾病的疗效与预后的判断。PCR-反向杂交基因分型与实时荧光定量PCR联合检测可提高HPV检测的特异性和敏感度,对于生殖道HPV感染以及子宫颈癌的早期发现、预防和治疗具有重要意义。