高温超导心磁图对冠心病诊断价值的初步探讨

目的初步探讨高温超导心磁图仪（HT—MCG）在冠心病（CHD）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法应用北京大学物理学院自主开发研制的四通道HT—MCG,分别对53例冠心病患者（冠状动脉造影显示至少一支冠状动脉主要分支狭窄≥70％）和31例非冠心病患者（冠状动脉造影检查无狭窄）进行心磁图检查。定量指标为：平均分级（ACTM）和异常磁图比率（RAM）。结果CHD组的ACTM（3．04±1．09）显著高于对照组（1．45±1．15）（P〈0．05）。CHD组的RAM为（67．83±24．65）％,对照组的RAM为（33．06±21．71）％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。53例冠心病患者中,MCG出现异常改变的患者为44例（83．O％）,ECG出现心肌缺血改变（异常Q波及ST—T段改变）的患者24例（45．3％）,超声心动图检出节段性室壁运动异常的患者21例（39．6％）,HT-MCG对冠心病诊断的阳性率显著高于ECG及UCG（P〈O．05）。结论高温超导心磁图对冠心病具有较高的诊断价值,且优于ECG及UCG。     

心电图正常或呈非特异性改变的冠心病患者心磁图分析

目的探讨心磁图(Magnetocardiography,MCG)对于静息心电图表现正常或呈非特异性改变的冠心病患者的诊断价值并筛选实用的诊断指标。方法采用德国Magscan公司生产无屏蔽式MCG-7记录仪,选择平均分级(averageclassificationoftotalmaps,ACTM)、异常心磁图所占百分比(ratioofabnormalmaps,RAM)、复合心室激动指数(complexventricularexcitationindex,CVEI)以及R波与T波的最大磁场值比值(Rmax/Tmax)四个分析指标,比较冠心病组(n=140,冠状动脉造影提示至少一支冠状动脉狭窄≥70%)与对照组(n=82例,冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉完全正常)的MCG结果。结果冠心病组异常磁图的比例达到62%,多数电流密度图无明显双极对称结构,而对照组异常磁图的比例为35%,电流密度图有明显双极对称结构。冠心病组平均分级(2.62±0.98)显著高于对照组(2.29±0.90)。冠心病组的CVEI值位于异常区域(-100~0)内,而对照组CVEI值位于正常区域内(0~100)。Rmax/Tmax的比值在冠心病组高于对照组(6.41±3.29比4.10±2.00)。上述指标两组间差异均有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析表明,RAM、CVEI及Rmax/Tmax的诊断价值相对较高,敏感性分别为67.1%,65.9%及64.3%。特异性分别为65.1%,68.3%及68.3%。结论MCG对于静息心电图表现正常或呈非特异性改变者的慢性心肌缺血患者有独特的诊断价值,有利于冠心病的早期诊断。     

高血压左心室肥厚诊断指标的相关性研究

目的探讨超声心动图(Echocardiography,UCG)、心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)相关指标诊断高血压左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)的关系。方法对295例高血压患者分别检测UCG的左心室重量(left ventricular weight,LVM)及左心室重量指数(left ventricular weight index,LVMI)、ECG的SoKolow-Lyon电压指数、Cornell电压指数及Cornell乘积指数。结果 UCG诊断高血压LVH检出率为39.66%,ECG诊断高血压LVH检出率为14.24%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。诊断LVH时,UCG的指标LVMI明显优于ECG各相关指标,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为18.57、17.58、28.38,P<0.05)。ECG各诊断指标与UCG的LVMI及LVM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 UCG早期诊断高血压LVH较ECG敏感,且特异性高。     

经胸彩色多普勒超声诊断冠心病的临床优势分析

目的:探究经胸彩色多普勒超声诊断冠心病(CHD)的临床优势.方法:我院疑似为CHD的患者100例根据CAG结果分为非CHD组(48例)和CHD组(52例),比较两组经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图检测结果,以CAG结果为金标准,分析经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠心病敏感性、特异性、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果:与非CH...     

超声心动图诊断冠心病的价值60例分析

目的:探讨超声心动图诊断冠心病的价值。方法:对60例拟诊为冠心病的病人行冠状动脉造影术(CAG)、超声心动图(UCG)检查,以冠状动脉狭窄≥50％为CAG阳性来评价UCG对冠心病的诊断价值。结果:UCG诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性分别为62．50％和82．14％;节段性室壁运动减低在室间隔、左室前壁出现率高(80%),下壁、后壁出现率低(20％)。结论:UCG在冠心病的诊断中特异性高,特别是对左前降支或多支病变(包含左前降支)。     

高温超导量子干涉器在不稳定性心绞痛诊断中的初步研究

目的探讨高温超导量子干涉器(HT-MCG)技术对不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者诊断的效果及可行性。方法应用四通道HT-MCG心磁图仪,分别对60例经冠状动脉造影术(CAG)诊断明确的UAP患者(UAP组)和58例CAG无明显狭窄患者(对照组)进行检查。选择心脏复极过程,以每12ms为间隔作出ST-T间期的电流密度分布图,以每幅图平均分级(ACTM)、异常电流分布图占所有异常心磁图比值(RAM)作为观察指标。结果 UAP组的ACTM和RAM显著高于对照组[(3.12±0.84)级vs(1.56±0.92)级,(69.43±25.58)%vs(37.14±20.75)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HT-MCG心磁图对UAP诊断敏感性显著高于心电图和超声心动图(81.7%vs 66.7%和45.0%)。结论 HT-MCG心磁图作为一种无创诊断方法对UAP具有较好的诊断价值,诊断的敏感性优于常规心电图及超声心动图检查。     

胸痛患者心电图、超声心动图及冠状动脉造影的对比分析

目的 评价常规心电图(ECG)、超声心动图(UCG)及冠状动脉造影(CAG)对胸痛患者的诊断价值。方法分析84例具有冠心病危险因素及发作性胸痛患者的ECG、UCG及CAG资料,分别以ST—T异常、节段性室壁运动异常及冠状动脉狭窄为诊断标准。结果 70例典型胸痛者CAG阳性55例,14例非典型胸痛者无1例CAG阳性。以CAG阳性为依据,ECG的敏感性为72.7％,特异性为72.4％,UCG的敏感性为27.3％,特异性为86.2％。结论 临床上依据典型胸痛诊断冠心病的准确性较高,CAG阴性并不能排除冠心病。对于胸痛患者的诊断ECG仍是简便、可靠的诊断方法,常规UCG诊断胸痛患者的价值不大,临床上应积极开展超声心动图负荷试验以提高其诊断价值。     

心电图和超声心动图诊断老年冠心病的价值

对83例临床拟诊冠心病（CHD）的老年人进行冠状动脉（冠脉）造影（CAG）、超声心动图（UCG）及心电图（ECG）检查。分别以冠脉固定狭窄≥50％、节段性室壁运动异常和ST－T异常为阳性标准，并以CAG阳性作为诊断CHD标准来评价UCG、ECG对老年CHD的诊断价值。结果表明，UCG诊断老年CHD的敏感性低、特异性高，ECG的敏感性、特异性均高。二者配合使用，可以取长补短，是诊断老年CHD的较可靠的无创检测手段。     

超声心动图室壁节段运动异常作为冠状动脉造影指征的探讨

目的:比较超声心动图(UCG)示室壁节段运动异常(RWMA)和冠状动脉造影(CAG)指征中的心电图(ECG)异常、症状与CAG结果的关系,并探讨其能否成为CAG的适应证。方法:术前按有无胸痛和(或)胸闷、ST-T等异常及RWMA分为症状、ECG、UCG的阳性组及其阴性组,以CAG结果作为标准,进行灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、假阳性率以及相对工作特征(ROC)曲线的计算与分析。结果:症状、ECG、UCG组的阳性预测值分别为64.7%、77.3%和86.6%;症状、ECG、UCG组的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.53、0.63和0.62,与0.5比较,P>0.05、<0.01、<0.01;3组比较,P<0.05,诊断效率差异有统计学意义。进一步两两比较,UCG与ECG差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),诊断效率相当;UCG、ECG分别与症状相比较,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),诊断效率不相当;UCG与ECG诊断效率相当,但均比症状高。结论:UCG诊断RWMA可以作为CAG的适应证之一。     

心磁图和心电图早期诊断冠心病的真实性指标比较

目的 比较心磁图（MCG）和心电图(ECG)对急性胸痛患者早期诊断冠心病的敏感度和特异度。方法 入选287例急性胸痛患者,先后给患者做MCG和ECG,然后均接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查。以CAG为标准诊断方法(金标准),比较MCG和ECG诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异度。结果 MCG诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异度分别为88.9%和73.2%,ECG诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异度为53.2%和55.7%。结论 在急性胸痛患者早期诊断过程中,MCG诊断的灵敏度和特异度均显著高于ECG。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.