Non-neoplastic conditions presenting as soft-tissue tumours

Review of referrals to our unit over the last 7 years showed that of approximately 750 cases referred as soft-tissue tumours, 132 were subsequently diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesions. The imaging characteristics of these lesions are presented to differentiate them from neoplasms. The most common diagnoses were myositis ossificans, ganglion cyst, abscess/infection, bursitis and synovitis. The imaging features of other rarer conditions will also be discussed.     

超声诊断睾丸表皮样囊肿1例

患者男性,29岁。因左侧睾丸无痛性肿大、坠胀4年来我院就诊。体检:左侧阴囊肿大,触之质硬呈实性,无结节,无波动,不与阴囊粘连,睾丸附睾触及不清,阴囊皮肤颜色正常,透光试验阴性。超声检查:左侧睾丸体积增大,下极见一圆形混合回声肿物,大小约2.8cm×2.8cm×2.9cm,边     

超声诊断双睾丸畸形并睾丸扭转坏死1例

患者男性,20岁.因外伤后右侧阴囊疼痛12h入院,平素身体健康.查体:右侧阴囊较对侧增大,睾丸位置上移,于左侧阴囊上部,抬举实验阳性,睾丸内下方触及3.5cm×2.5cm包块,触痛明显,质地偏硬,附睾界限不清,提睾反射可疑阳性,阴囊透光实验阳性,左侧睾丸及附睾未见异常.     

Ultrasound diagnosis of liver hydatid disease

A clinical study of 42 patients with hydatid disease was carried out using a real-time gray scale B-scanner. All cases were confirmed surgically. The ultrasound characteristics of the hydatid cysts were classified into three groups: Type I, simple hydatid cyst (19 of the 42 cases), type II, hydatid cyst with a disrupted wall and septa (14 cases), and type III, hydatid cyst with a heterogeneous echo pattern (9 cases). It was concluded that ultrasound classification of the cysts increases diagnostic accuracy. However, if a hydatid cyst becomes secondarily infected these typical changes are lost and the ultrasound diagnosis may then become more difficult. Periodic examinations should be performed with ultrasound after surgery.     

Ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of spinal and sacral tumours

Spinal and sacral tumours present not only a challenge in their initial diagnosis but also in their subsequent progress. Imaging of these tumours usually requires intrathecal contrast medium but where an acoustic window is present ultrasound may be used. The ability and clinical value of ultrasound has been assessed in 13 examinations on 10 patients. Although there was no clinical advantage in three and only equivocal advantage in one, ultrasound provided unequivocal benefit in five examinations and was synergistic in four. The technique is simple, quick and well tolerated.     

Bilateral isolated internal iliac aneurysms presenting as pelvic tumours

A case of a bilateral isolated internal iliac aneurysm is presented. A male patient of 74 years of age had a sudden attack of pain in the right lower abdomen. A superficial haematoma was the only finding at primary ultrasonography (US), while seven weeks later a control US visualised a pelvic expansion, but the aetiology was not recognised. The CT finding was pathognomonic for an aneurysm, the diagnosis being "bilateral iliac aneurysms". Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) defined the aneurysms as existing in the internal iliac arteries.     

超声对子宫内膜病变的鉴别诊断

阴道出血是妇科疾病中比较常见的临床症状。子宫内膜息肉、粘膜下肌瘤、内膜增生过长和子宫内膜癌等内膜病变是引起阴道出血的重要原因。本文对其声像图特征进行对比分析，找出子宫内膜病变的鉴别诊断要点。     

Ultrasound of testicular epidermoid cysts

The ultrasound findings of focal intratesticular lesions may sometimes be characteristic of benign pathology, which accounts for approximately 5% of all testicular tumours. Three cases of epidermoid cysts of the testis are presented along with a review of the literature. Recognition of the typical ultrasound appearances of this entity in a clinical situation of painless testicular swelling in the absence of a history of trauma and signs of inflammation can make testis-sparing surgery feasible.     

Ultrasound diagnosis of a benign calcified testicular mass: report of a case

Calcification within a testicular mass is rare. We report here a patient with a large focal benign calcification detected by ultrasonography.     

Lymphography as a guide to prognosis in malignant testicular tumours.

Lymphography was performed in 130 patients with malignant neoplasm of the testes. The patients were treated by irradiation, supplemented by chemotherapy when lymph node metastases were present. The survival rates of the various pathologic subdivisions were analyzed according to the lymphography. The following 5-year survival rates were observed: seminoma: normal lymphography 94%, pathologic lymphography 69%; teratocarcinoma: normal lymphography 86%, pathologic lymphography 14%; embryonal carcinoma: normal lymphography 64%, pathologic lymphography 33%.     

Mimics of metastases from testicular tumours

This paper presents 10 patients with a diagnosis of testicular tumour in whom computed tomography (CT) at staging or follow-up demonstrated abnormalities which mimic the appearance of metastatic testicular tumour. The entities mimicking metastases were sarcoidosis, mushroom worker's lung, lymphoma and phaeochromocytoma. Representative examples of these lesions are illustrated and features which may enable the radiologist to differentiate them from metastatic testicular tumour are discussed.     

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of granulomatous liver disease

Ultrasound is a widely used method of assessing the liver for space occupying lesions and, more recently, parenchymal liver disease. We have reviewed the ultrasound scans and reports of 11 patients with biopsy proven granulomatous liver disease. Multiple echogenic lesions 3-5 mm in diameter, each surrounded by an hypoechoic halo, were seen in the liver of all the patients and in the spleens of three patients. A specific diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis was suggested at the time of scanning in seven patients. An abnormal liver was noted in the other four patients but no specific diagnosis was suggested. We believe that granulomata in the liver can be detected using ultrasound and, if the above appearances are seen during an ultrasound scan, a diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis should be considered.     

Ultrasound appearances of testicular epidermoid cysts

Benign testicular tumours are uncommon but if recognized can enable a conservative approach to surgery to be recommended. This pictorial review demonstrates the variety of sonographic appearances of testicular epidermoid cysts correlating them with pathological findings in 19 lesions, the largest reported imaged series to date. Atchley, J. T. M., Dewbury, K. C. (2000). Clinical Radiology 55, 493-502.