食管静脉曲张硬化与结扎加硬化治疗食管静脉曲张的对照研究

目的研究食管静脉曲张硬化与结扎防治出血的效果.方法60例乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化、食管静脉曲张出血的病人分为两组,食管静脉硬化治疗(EVS)组30例,食管静脉结扎加硬化治疗(EVL+EVS)组30例,结果在EVS组和EVL+EVS组中,静脉曲张消失和基本消失者分别为28例(90%)和30例(100%),两组比较无显著差异.达到静脉曲张消失所需硬化治疗次数及硬化剂所用量,EVL+EVS组均明显少于EVS组,两组并发症发生率无显著差异.EVS组随访26.9±4.5个月,EVL+EVS组22.7±5.3个月,随访期食管静脉曲张复发率EVS、EVL+EVS组分别为9例(30%)和13例(43.3%),EVL+EVS组高于EVS组,反复出血分别为4例和3例.住院天数EVS组和EVL+EVS组分别为27.1±5.0和28.8±9.2天,两组无显著差异.所消耗结扎器、硬化剂和手术费用EVS组和EVL+EVS组分别为5378.50±899.00元和7703.33±2120.70元,两组比较P＜0.001,EVL+EVS组明显高于EVS组,结论本研究提示EVL+EVS较单一EVS无明显优越性.     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血序贯治疗的临床应用价值

目的 评价曲张静脉套扎术(EVL)+不同硬化剂曲张静脉硬化术(EVS)序贯治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性总结314例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血内镜治疗患者的临床资料,包括单纯EVL治疗者112例(EVL组)、单纯鱼肝油酸钠硬化治疗者48例(EVS1组)、单纯聚桂醇硬化治疗者40例(EVS2组)、套扎+鱼肝油酸钠硬化序贯治疗者26例(EVLS1组)、套扎+聚桂醇硬化序贯治疗者88例(EVLS2组),统计各组曲张静脉治疗有效率、静脉曲张复发率、并发症发生率并进行对比分析.结果 EVL组、EVS1组、EVS2组、EVIS1组、EVLS2组曲张静脉治疗有效率比较差异均无统计学意义[85.7％ (96/112)、83.3％ (40/48)、92.5％ (37/40)、92.3％(24/26)、94.3％ (83/88),P＞0.05],但EVLS1组和EVLS2组曲张静脉完全消失率均明显高于其他3组[88.5％(23/26)和87.5％(77/88)比58.0％(65/112)、62.5％(30/48)、70.0％(28/40),P＜0.05],而EVLS1组与EVLS2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).EVS1组再出血率最高(18.8％,9/48) (P ＜0.05),其次是EVL组(11.6％,13/112),均高于EVS2组、EVLS1组和EVLS2组[7.5％(3/40)、7.7％ (2/26)、6.8％ (6/88),P＜0.05],后3组再出血率相似(P＞0.05).治疗后随访6 ～18个月,EVL组静脉曲张复发26例(23.2％,26/112),EVS1组复发8例(16.7％,8/48),EVS2组复发6例(15.0％,6/40),EVLS1组复发4例(15.4％,4/26),EVLS2组复发9例(10.2％,9/88);EVL组复发率最高(P＜0.05),EVLS2组复发率最低(P＜0.05),EVS1组、EVS2组和EVLS1组复发率相似(P＞0.05).EVS1组总体并发症发生率(32.2％,49/152)明显高于其他4组(P＜0.05),而EVL组(14.5％,32/220)、EVLS2组(19.6％,22/112)、EVLS1组(22.7％,25/110)、EVLS2组(15.8％,34/229)4组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 EVL+鱼肝油酸钠EVS或+聚桂醇EVS序贯治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血是安全而有效的,尤以EVL+聚桂醇EVS序贯治疗效果显著,有可能成为治疗食管静脉曲张出血并防止再出血的最佳选择.     

内镜下套扎序贯硬化治疗食管静脉曲张的荟萃分析

目的:对内镜下套扎序贯硬化(EVLS)治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效进行系统评价.方法:通过PubMed、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库检索1997-01/2007-12发表的有关内镜下EVLS治疗食管静脉曲张随机对照临床试验的相关文献.由2名评价员独立对纳入文献进行质量评价和数据提取,并使用RevMan4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果:按照纳入标准,有11项前瞻性随机对照临床试验纳入.EVLS组和内镜下套扎(EVL)组对食管静脉曲张疗效的比较结果显示:EVLS组食管静脉曲张复发率低于EVL组(RR=0.37,95% CI:0.25-0.55,P<0.01);食管静脉曲张消失率高于EVL组(RR=1.14,95%CI:1.05-1.23,P=0.001);而在再出血率、并发症发生率和死亡率方面,两组无统计学差异.EVLS组与内镜下硬化(EVS)组疗效的比较结果显示:EVLS组并发症发生率低于EVS组(RR=0.49,95%CI:0.31-0.75,P=0.001);食管静脉曲张消失率高于EVS组(RR=1.12,95%CI:1.04-1.20,P=0.004);而在食管静脉曲张复发率、再出血率和死亡率方面,两组无统计学差异.结论:EVLS在治疗食管静脉曲张方面较EVL或EVS更有优势,既保证了一定的疗效,又避免了高的并发症发生率,值得进一步推广.     

食管静脉曲张结扎与结扎加硬化治疗的对照研究

为比较内镜下食管静脉曲张结扎治疗(EVL)和EVL加续贯食管静脉硬化治疗(EVS)的疗效，选择2000年10月至2002年10月59例肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者随机分为EVL组和EVL EVS组，进行对照研究，重点比较两组食管静脉曲张消失率、再出血率和死亡率。     

套扎与硬化对肝硬化食管静脉曲张疗效的Meta分析

目的 比较内镜下套扎(EVL)与硬化(EVS)对肝硬化食管静脉曲张的疗效.方法 检索维普数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库、Pubmed 1985年1月-2012年7月发表的有关内镜下EVL和EVS治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的相关文献,采用RevMan 4.2进行Meta分析.结果 有9项前瞻性随机对照试验纳入研究.Meta分析结果显示,EVL治疗的再出血率低于EVS治疗(OR=0.52,95％ CI:0.32 ～0.85,P=0.009),并发症少于EVS治疗(OR=0.30,95％ CI:0.20 ～ 0.43,P＜0.00001),达到食管静脉曲张消失需要内镜治疗次数少于EVS治疗(WMD=-1.24,95％ CI:-2.09 ～-0.38,P=0.004),而食管静脉曲张复发率高于EVS治疗(OR =2.21,95％ CI:1.47 ～3.32,P=0.0001),在急诊止血率、静脉曲张消失率、死亡率方面,两组差异无统计学意义.结论 与EVS治疗相比,EVL治疗再出血率低、并发症少、食管静脉曲张消失所需治疗次数少,因此EVL疗效更好,可作为内镜下治疗食管静脉曲张的首选.     

内镜下结扎与硬化剂联合治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张

内镜下结扎(EVL)和硬化剂(EVS)治疗食管静脉曲张的临床应用已日益普及.通过EVL和EVS治疗,可控制食管静脉曲张活动性出血,同时预防再出血,达到治疗目的.为了观察内镜下单纯结扎,结扎与硬化同步联合治疗食管静脉曲张疗效及优缺点,1996年1月至1998年12月的2年时间内,我院将30例食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者随机分两组,分别应用上述方法进行治疗,现将结果报告如下.     

内镜下连续套扎术加小剂量硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张的临床观察

目的：对比观察连续套扎术追加硬化剂注射(EVL EVS)与单纯EVL治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效。方法：将40例食管静脉曲张出血患者分成2组，对照组(EVL)20例，用尼龙圈对曲张静脉进行套扎。治疗组(EVL EVS)20例，套扎后在套扎点附近或两点之间注射少量硬化剂，直至曲张静脉消失。结果：对照组共进行70次316处套扎，术后内镜下分级F1 10例，F2 9例，F3 1例，无并发症发生，复发1例。治疗组共进行37次203处套扎，116处硬化剂注射，术后内镜下分级F0 13例，F1 7例，1次治疗后F0 8例，除4例轻度胸痛外，未见其他并发症，无复发。结论：EVL EVS治疗食管静脉曲张效果优于单纯EVL，且疗程短，并发症少，复发率低。     

内镜下套扎加硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张出血疗效观察

我院于1989年1月～2003年12月对48例食管静脉曲张出血的患者在内镜下连续套扎(EVL)治疗，其中38例采用追加注射硬化剂(EVS)，经随访观察EVL加EVS优于单一的EVL止血治疗效果，观总结报告如下。     

内镜下结扎与硬化联合治疗重度食管静脉曲张出血

食管静脉曲张皮圈结扎术（EVL）以其简便和并发症少等特点,在国内已被普遍采用。Gimson等报道EVS与内镜硬化剂注射（EVS）相比,并发症少[1]。近年来,我们应用EVL和EVS联合治疗重度食管静脉曲张破裂出血,报告如下。 一、一般资料 选择1998年1月至2002年1月肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血20例为EVL与EVS联合治疗组,男15例,女5例,年龄 20～71岁,平均 47.6岁;肝炎后肝硬化 6例,血吸虫性肝硬化14例;肝功能按Child-pugh分级,A级3例,B级15例,C级2例;其中6例曾有门静脉高压相关手术史。对照组为我院3年前EVS治疗的22例患者,男16例,女6例;年龄 24～56岁,平均 47.2岁;肝炎后肝硬化 8例,血吸     

食管胃静脉曲张内镜下序贯治疗效果分析

[目的]观察内镜下套扎、硬化剂注射、组织胶注射法对食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。[方法]选取诊断为食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的住院患者68例,观察患者经过内镜下序贯治疗后再出血的发生率、静脉曲张的消失率,以及并发症情况。[结果]68例均取得了良好的治疗效果,近期止血率100%,62例随诊6个月后曲张静脉消失或基本消失,并发症较少。[结论]内镜下序贯治疗食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血安全有效,值得推荐。     

Endoscopic variceal ligation plus propranolol versus endoscopic variceal ligation alone in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of propranolol in addition to EVL in the prevention of first variceal bleed has not been evaluated. This prospective randomized controlled trial compared endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with propranolol and EVL alone in the prevention of first variceal bleed among patients with high-risk varices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-four consecutive patients with high-risk varices were randomly allocated to EVL plus propranolol (Gr I, n = 72) or EVL alone (Gr II, n = 72). EVL was done at 2-wk interval till obliteration of varices. In Gr I, incremental dosage of propranolol (sufficient to reduce heart rate to 55 beats/min or 25% reduction from baseline) was administered and continued after obliteration of varices. The endpoints of the study were bleeding and death. RESULTS: The two groups of patients had comparable baseline characteristics; follow-up (Gr I: 13.1 +/- 11.5 months, Gr II: 11.2 +/- 9.9 months), number of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension patients [Gr I 64 (88.6%) and 8 (11.4%), Gr II 63 (87.5%) and 9 (12.5%)], and frequency of Child's A (15 vs 18), B (38 vs 35), and C (19 vs 19). The mean daily propranolol dose achieved in Gr I was 95.6 +/- 38.6 mg. Eleven patients had bleeds, 5 in Gr I and 6 in Gr II. All patients bled before the obliteration of varices, the actuarial probability of first bleed at 20 months was 7% in Gr I and 11% in Gr II (p= 0.72). Six patients died in the combination and 8 in EVL group. All deaths in Gr I were due to nonbleed-related causes, while in Gr II, 2 deaths were bleed related, the actuarial probability of death at 20 months was 8% and 15%, respectively (p= 0.37). The probability of bleed-related death was comparable (p= 0.15). At the end of follow-up, 4 patients in Gr I and 11 in Gr II had recurrence of varices (p= 0.03). Side effects on propranolol were seen in 22% patients, in 8% it had to be stopped. There were no serious complications of EVL. CONCLUSIONS: Both EVL plus propranolol and EVL alone are effective in primary prophylaxis of bleed from high-risk varices. Addition of propranolol does not decrease the probability of first bleed or death in patients on EVL. However, the recurrence of varices is lower if propranolol is added to EVL.     

心得安联合内镜套扎术预防食管静脉曲张再出血的疗效分析

目的比较心得安联合内镜套扎治疗与单独内镜套扎治疗预防食管静脉曲张再出血的疗效。方法 65例食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者随机分为心得安联合内镜套扎治疗组(33例),单独内镜套扎治疗组(32例),平均随访12个月,比较两组间再出血率,门脉高压性胃病,食管静脉曲张复发和胃底静脉曲张的发生率。结果两组治疗后随访第6,12个月显示,与单独内镜套扎治疗比较,心得安联合内镜套扎治疗显著降低再出血率(15.2%vs 37.5%,21.2%vs 46.9%,P<0.05),门脉高压性胃病(18.2%vs43.8%,30.3%vs 56.3%,P<0.05),食管静脉曲张复发(15.2%vs 37.5%,24.2%vs 50.0%,P<0.05)和胃底静脉曲张的发生率(12.1%vs 34.4%,21.2%vs 46.9%,P<0.05)。结论心得安联合内镜套扎治疗是二级预防食管静脉曲张出血的首选治疗方法。     

Risk factors for predicting early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation

AIM: To analyze the clinical risk factors for early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).METHODS: 342 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who received elective EVL to prevent bleeding or rebleeding at our endoscopy center between January 2005 and July 2010.were included in this study.The early rebleeding cases after EVL were confirmed by clinical signs or endoscopy.A case-control study was performed comparing the patients presenting with early rebleeding with those without thi...     

内镜套扎术在治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的临床应用价值

目的探讨内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术（EVL）治疗和预防肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008-01～2012-01该院142例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,其中行EVL治疗74例（治疗组）,内科保守治疗68例（对照组）,并对其临床疗效进行随访观察。结果所有患者随访6个月以上,治疗组的早期再出血率、迟发出血率、曲张静脉好转率、复发率、手术率及病死率均低于对照组（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 EVL能有效地降低肝硬化门脉高压患者食管静脉曲张的程度,降低再出血率、复发率、手术率和病死率,是一种有效的内镜治疗手段。     

急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的比较

目的比较食管静脉曲张破裂出血急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对210例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,急诊情况下行内镜下套扎或硬化治疗,并分析比较两组急诊止血成功率、近期再出血率、急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率、不良反应、并发症、病死率等情况。结果急诊止血成功率套扎组达95.4%,硬化组达96.0%;近期再出血率分别为4.8%和4.1%;套扎组急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率明显优于硬化组（P〈0.01）。两组不良反应、并发症及病死率无差别。临床疗效与肝功能呈正相关。结论急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张出血均为有效、安全的止血方法。临床上可结合患者实际情况综合考虑后选择。     

Influence of endoscopic variceal ligation on oesophageal motility

BACKGROUND: To determine the change of oesophageal manometry in patients with oesophageal varices before and after oesophageal variceal ligation (EVL). METHODS: Forty-five patients who had liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with high risk of bleeding were managed by EVL. Oesophageal manometry was performed just prior to the ligation and 4-6 weeks after obliteration of varices. Another 45 age- and sex-matched patients without hepatic, oesophageal or systemic disease served as the control group. RESULTS: At 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the amplitude of the contractive wave was significantly lower in patients before EVL (56.9 +/- 31.8 vs 80.1 +/- 30.1, P< 1.05) and returned to the level of control subjects after EVL (76.5 +/- 37.0 vs 80.1 +/- 30.1, P> 0.05). At 10 cm above LES, the amplitude of the contractive wave was significantly lower in patients before and after EVL than the control group (54.3 +/- 29.2 vs 68.1 +/- 29.5, 54.2 +/- 26.0 vs 68.1 +/- 29.5, respectively, P< 0.05). The percentage of tertiary waves was significantly higher in patients before and after EVL than in the control group (31.4 +/- 36.6 vs 5.8 +/- 15.1, 26.9 +/- 32.9 vs 5.8 +/- 15.1, respectively, P< 0.05). However, no significant swallowing disturbance was noted in patients after EVL. There was significantly greater LES length in patients before EVL (4.0 +/- 0.9 vs 3.4 +/- 0.7, P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the LES length after EVL as compared with the control group. Eighty-six per cent (39/45) of patients developed paraoesophageal varices and 31% (14/45) developed new varices 6 months after variceal obliteration. However, there was no significant difference in manometry at the time of variceal obliteration between patients with variceal recurrence and those without. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of varices affected oesophageal motility. However, such abnormality had little clinical significance. Endoscopic variceal ligation normalized oesophageal motility and may not induce abnormal oesophageal motility. The manometric change can not be used to predict the recurrence of varices in cirrhotic patients after variceal obliteration.     

Comparison of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy with sequential endoscopic band ligation plus low-dose sclerotherapy for secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and band ligation both have certain limitations such as, respectively, esophageal complications and early recurrence of varices. METHODS: From February 1994 to March 1996, all consecutive patients with portal hypertension due to either cirrhosis or noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and a history of variceal bleeding were included in a prospective study and randomly assigned to receive either endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy alone or endoscopic variceal band ligation plus low-dose endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. RESULTS: Of 69 patients, 34 were randomly assigned to receive endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy alone; 35 received endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Complete variceal eradication rates (85% vs. 80%) and the number of endoscopic sessions required for eradication (6.61 +/- 2.94 vs. 7.85 +/- 3.31) were similar in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy groups, respectively. The mean volume of sclerosant required in the combined group (54.94 +/- 33.74 mL) was significantly less than that in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy group (81.91 +/- 34.80 mL). The complication and recurrent bleeding rates were significantly higher in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy group than those in the combined group (20% and 16% vs. 3% and 3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy were comparable in eradicating varices but the combined technique was associated with significantly lower complication and recurrent bleeding rates.     

内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎治疗急性胃食管静脉曲张出血的临床应用

目的探讨内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎治疗急性胃食管静脉曲张出血的临床价值。方法23例临床确诊为肝硬化急性胃食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,均于出血稳定12h内采用胃曲张静脉三明治法组织胶注射后联合食管曲张静脉套扎治疗,术后2周、3个月进行内镜随访。观察治疗后再出血率、死亡率、食管胃静脉曲张程度。结果所有患者均一次成功止血。6例患者于术后2周,再次行EVL术。食管胃静脉曲张程度明显减轻,食管静脉治疗有效率95．65％,胃底静脉曲张治疗有效率91．30％。随访期3个月内无一例再出血及死亡病例。结论内镜下组织胶注射联合套扎是治疗胃食管静脉曲张急性出血一种安全可靠的方法。