盐酸西替利嗪巴布膏剂的药动学和生物利用度研究

目的研究盐酸西替利嗪巴布膏剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征,并与口服给药的药动学进行比较,考察生物利用度。方法选用SD大鼠,分为巴布膏剂组和口服给药组,采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度;并剥取剩余的西替利嗪巴布膏剂,测定剩余药量。结果西替利嗪巴布膏剂组的T_(max)为2.35 h,C_(max)为2.68μg/mL,AUC为21.01μg·h/mL,MRT为23.26 h;西替利嗪口服组的T_(max)为1.11 h,C_(max)为11.65μg/mL,AUC为35.62μg·h/mL,MRT为12.13 h。扣除巴布膏剂中的剩余药量,按照实际进入皮肤的剂量计算得西替利嗪巴布膏剂相当于片剂的生物利用度为30.81%;不扣除巴布膏剂中的剩余药量,西替利嗪巴布膏剂相当于片剂的生物利用度为14.75%。结论西替利嗪巴布膏剂的血药浓度平稳而持久,具有缓释的特征。     

西替利嗪巴布膏剂的制备及体外评价

<正>盐酸西替利嗪(CET)是一种高选择性的第2代组胺H1受体拮抗剂,临床广泛用于治疗各种过敏性疾病[1],目前常用的多为口服制剂。经皮给药制剂是一种新型的给药系统,具有使用方便,避免口服给药引起肝脏首过效应及血药浓度平     

巴布膏剂的研究综述

根据国内外巴布膏剂的研究现状,提出巴布膏剂的研发思路。本文首先将巴布膏剂与其它剂型进行了比较,找出巴布膏剂的剂型优势。然后从巴布膏剂的基本构成、基质、制备工艺、质量评价方面,阐明了巴布膏剂的研究思路。最后简要介绍了巴布膏剂在国内的应用。     

杨梅素对小鼠被动皮肤过敏反应的影响

目的研究杨梅素的抗过敏作用。方法采用小鼠同种、异种被动皮肤过敏反应(PCA)、右旋糖酐致小鼠全身瘙痒反应和2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)所致小鼠耳廓皮肤迟发型超敏反应(DTH)实验,探讨杨梅素的抗过敏作用。结果杨梅素显著抑制小鼠同种、异种被动皮肤过敏反应和右旋糖酐引起的小鼠瘙痒反应,并能抑制DNCB诱导的DTH。结论杨梅素具有抗过敏作用,机制可能与抑制Ⅰ、Ⅳ型变态反应有关。     

复方盐酸利多卡因巴布膏剂的研制

目的:制备复方盐酸利多卡因巴布膏剂,并考察其黏性和体外释药特性。方法:采用盐酸利多卡因和中药三七组成复方,以水溶性高分子材料为基质制备。采用HPLC法测定制剂中盐酸利多卡因的含量,按2005年版《中华人民共和国药典》方法进行体外释放度、含膏量、赋形性及黏附性的测定,利用改良Franz扩散池研究巴布膏剂中盐酸利多卡因的透皮吸收行为。选择疱疹后神经性疼痛20例,将巴布膏剂贴于皮肤患区最痛处观察临床短期效果和不良反应。结果:复方盐酸利多卡因巴布膏剂中盐酸利多卡因含量为5 mg·cm-2,其体外释放速率为4．128 mg·cm-2·h-1。透皮吸收符合零级动力学过程,盐酸利多卡因渗透速率为0．091 mg·cm-2·h-1。每100 cm2巴布膏剂的含膏量为9．088 g,赋形性良好,初黏力能黏住13号钢球(φ9．525 mm,每个3．55 g)。止痛总有效率达85％,所有病例均未见不良反应。结论:复方盐酸利多卡因巴布膏剂为皮肤控释型透皮给药系统,对于神经性疼痛等具有显著疗效。     

西替利嗪抗过敏作用研究

试验表明：西替利嗪对大鼠同种被动皮肤过敏反应有显著的抑制作用，且具有明显的量效关系，大、中剂量的作用优于扑尔敏。西替利嗪明显抑制豚鼠回肠Schultz－Dale反应的回肠收缩，用Bliss法算出西替利嗪的IC(50)为21．69ng／ml。提示：西替利嗪对Ⅰ型变态反应有较强的抑制作用。     

中药巴布膏剂的研究进展及存在的问题

目的为深入研究中药巴布膏剂提供参考。方法查阅近年来相关文献,对中药巴布膏剂的研究进展进行概述,重点提出该剂型在研发中存在的问题。结果近年采我国中药巴布膏剂在制备工艺、质量评价、药效学研究等方面取得了较大的进展,但也存在基质辅料质量、制剂质量评价及产业化等诸多问题。结论中药巴布膏剂是目前中药复方外用制剂的研发热点,具有更广阔的发展空间。     

盐酸西替利嗪巴布剂的工艺优化

考察了对盐酸西替利嗪巴布剂黏性影响较重要的3个辅料的用量,并研究了优化处方的含水量、黏性及体外释放度的关系.结果表明,随巴布剂含水量的减少,黏性逐渐减弱,释药速度减慢.60℃干燥9h,含水量为23%,黏性及体外释放均较好.     

马钱子巴布剂对皮肤刺激性和过敏性实验研究

目的探究马钱子巴布剂是否有皮肤刺激性和致敏性。方法以新西兰白兔为模型进行一次给药皮肤刺激和多次给药皮肤刺激实验,以豚鼠为模型观察巴布剂的皮肤致敏作用。结果马钱子巴布剂对新西兰白兔皮肤未见任何刺激作用,也不会引起豚鼠出现皮肤过敏反应。结论马钱子巴布剂是一种比较安全的外用新剂型。     

盐酸西替利嗪巴布剂的研制及体外释放特性

目的:制备盐酸西替利嗪(CET)巴布剂并研究其体外释药性能和透皮吸收行为.方法:以水溶性高分子材料为基质制备CET巴布剂,采用HPLC法测定制剂中CET的含量.按2000年版中华人民共和国药典方法进行体外释放度的测定,利用Franz扩散池研究巴布剂的透皮吸收行为.结果:CET巴布剂含量稳定,体外释药符合Higuchi方程,释放速率为0.557 7mg·cm-2·h-1/2.透皮吸收符合零级动力学过程,渗透速率为14.58μg·cm-2·h-1.结论:CET巴布剂为皮肤控释型透皮给药系统,为临床治疗过敏性疾病提供了新的给药途径.     

注射用替加环素的被动皮肤过敏性实验研究

目的:采用大鼠被动皮肤过敏试验(PCA)评价注射用替加环素的过敏性。方法:取8只雄性大鼠按体重分为4组制备抗血清;另取大鼠24只,雌雄各半,按以上分组进行致敏和激发试验。结果:被动皮肤过敏性试验顺利完成,未产生过敏反应。结论:大鼠被动皮肤过敏性试验显示注射替加环素未发生过敏反应。     

鱼腥草注射液的被动皮肤过敏试验及体外过敏试验

目的探索鱼腥草注射液中的过敏原及其致敏机制,并建立药物过敏原筛选的方法。方法分别用鱼腥草注射液、鱼腥草蒸馏液、吐温80、阴性对照物和阳性对照物对BALB/C小鼠、SD大鼠进行异种被动皮肤过敏试验,并对RBL-2H3细胞进行体外致敏试验。检测BALB/C小鼠和BN大鼠抗血清中IgE的含量、被动皮肤过敏反应中大鼠蓝斑直径大小及体外致敏实验中肥大细胞的脱颗粒反应。结果鱼腥草注射液A组、鱼腥草注射液B组、吐温80组、鱼腥草蒸馏液组和阳性对照组的BALB/C小鼠和BN大鼠血清中的IgE水平均显著升高。当BALB/C小鼠抗血清稀释比例为1∶2时,SD大鼠被动皮肤过敏反应均呈阳性;BALB/C小鼠抗血清稀释比例为1∶8时,仅鱼腥草注射液B组和阳性对照组SD大鼠呈阳性;BALB/C小鼠抗血清稀释比例为1∶32时,各组SD大鼠均未见阳性。体外过敏试验结果显示:鱼腥草注射液组、吐温80组、鱼腥草蒸馏液组和阳性对照组的肥大细胞脱颗粒百分率、β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率和上清中组胺释放量,与阴性对照组相比均有显著性增加。结论吐温80为鱼腥草注射液的主要过敏原,其致敏机制是由IgE介导的,经过吐温80的首次致敏和二次激发出现有细胞因子及炎性介质参与的机体异常的免疫调节,引起一系列过敏症状。鱼腥草蒸馏液中含有其他引起过敏反应的过敏原。体外过敏试验结果与动物试验结果一致,体外致敏模型可用于药物过敏原的筛选。     

Attenuation of cutaneous reactivity to histamine by cetirizine and dexchlorpheniramine

Summary A double-blind cross-over study was performed in 12 healthy female volunteers comparing cetirizine di-HCl (10 mg) and sustained release dexchlorpheniramine maleate (6 mg) with respect to attentuation of histamine-induced skin wheals and subjective central nervous system (CNS) effects. Cetirizine was significantly more effective than dexchlorpheniramine in suppressing the size of wheals from 2 to 24 h after drug administration. In fact, at 24 h cetirizine was still as affective as 2 h after ingestion. Ten subjects receiving dexchlorpheniramine reported subjective symptoms relating to CNS depression, in contrast to only one subject given cetirizine.     

被动皮肤过敏性评价中阳性对照的建立

目的：建立被动皮肤过敏性试验中准确且具可重复的阳性对照。方法：30只SD大鼠随机分为1个阴性对照(氯化钠注射液 弗氏不完全佐剂)和4个阳性处理组(阳性1组：卵白蛋白,阳性2组：卵白蛋白 百白破疫苗,阳性3组：卵白蛋白 弗氏不完全佐剂,阳性4组：卵白蛋白 弗氏完全佐剂及弗氏不完全佐剂),分别致敏5次制备抗血清,通过皮内注射被动致敏、48 h后激发,以皮内蓝斑有无及直径判定结果。结果：阴性对照和阳性1组、2组均未见蓝斑,阳性3和4组出现蓝斑,其1:2和1:8注射点蓝斑直径均大于5 mm。结论：被动皮肤过敏性试验中,致敏时结合使用弗氏佐剂可使阳性率达到100%,以保证试验的准确性和可重复性。     

Biphasic response of cutaneous blood flow induced by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats

In the immediate phase of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, sensitized skin mast cells release various mediators when activated by antigen. The present study investigated the effects of the mediators on cutaneous blood flow at the antigen-antibody reaction site. Induction of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis produced a biphasic response consisting of an initial decrease, followed by a sustained increase, in the cutaneous blood flow. The initial phase was almost eliminated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist methysergide, whereas the second phase was sensitive to the histamine H(2) receptor antagonist ranitidine. The histamine H(1) receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine, the denervation of sensory nerves with capsaicin, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, or the bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist D-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolylglycyl-3-(2-thienyl)-L-alanyl-L-seryl-D-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-L-(2alpha,3beta,7abeta)-octahydro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl-L-arginine (HOE140) did not affect the blood-flow changes caused by the anaphylaxis. These results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine H(2) receptors mediate the initial decrease and the subsequent increase in cutaneous blood flow, respectively, induced by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats.     

Hinokiresinol inhibits IgE-induced mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction

The antiallergic effect of hinokiresinol isolated from the whole plant of TRAPA Pseudoincisa S. at. Z. was measured in vitro and in vivo. Hinokiresinol not only potently inhibited beta-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE, with an IC50 value of 98 microM, but also inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-alpha in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE. Orally and intraperitoneally administered hinokiresinol potently inhibited the passive anaphylaxis reaction in mice induced by IgE.     

西替利嗪对皮肤细胞炎症中单核趋化蛋白-1表达的干预作用

目的考察西替利嗪(CET)对皮肤细胞炎症模型中单核趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达的干预作用。方法组胺(HIS)和IFN-γ刺激真皮成纤维细胞(DF)和人角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞，采用RT-PCR和ELISA法考察两种细胞MCP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较，HIS(10 μmol·L^-1)和IFN-γ(20 ng·mL^-1)组显著上调两种细胞(DF和HaCaT) MCP-1 mRNA表达，同时分别使DF的MCP-1蛋白分泌量增加3.5倍和8.4倍，对HaCaT细胞也有相似的影响趋势； CET (1和10 μmol·L^-1) 显著地抑制了它们对细胞MCP-1蛋白产生的增强作用。结论CET可能通过抑制MCP-1的表达而发挥抗皮肤炎症作用。     

Penicillin G-induced cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig

Allergic cutaneous responses were induced by intradermal injection of penicillin G (PCG) and PCG-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates onto the back of guinea pig actively immunized with PCG potassium (25 mg/animal) incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant. The PCG-induced response was characterized macroscopically by erythema and edema with a maximum level at 24 hrs after elicitation and microscopically by the infiltration with basophils, macrophages and lymphocytes following with neutrophils. In addition, intensity of macrophage-infiltration shared a similar time course change with those of erythema and edema. These suggest that this response is associated to a delayed type hypersensitivity of Jones-Mote type. On the other hand, in the PCG-BSA-induced response the edema with erythema at the early phase was a noticeable observation and this response disappeared within 12 hrs, although the erythema continued by 24 hrs. Microscopically, the degranulation of mast cells and severe infiltration with neutrophils in the early phase and the infiltration of eosinophils in the late phase accompanying the infiltration with monocytes, basophils and lymphocytes were characteristic findings, which suggest that PCG-BSA response is a similar hypersensitivity to an atopic dermatitis. As mentioned above, we confirmed two types of allergic cutaneous responses in the guinea pig immunized with PCG.