N-羟乙基酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的设计、合成及活性评价

目的为了降低传统异羟肟酸类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的毒副作用和改善体内代谢快的缺点,本课题组设计并合成了具有新型锌离子螯合基团的一类化合物,并测定了其对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。方法以取代苯甲酸、6-氨基己酸等作为原料合成目标化合物。采用MTT法检测目标化合物的细胞毒性,并通过酶抑制实验进一步检测化合物的活性。结果化合物a1~a4对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较SAHA弱(P<0.05),化合物a5~a6对A549细胞抑制作用与阳性对照SAHA相当,并且均具有较好的酶抑制作用,与MTT结果基本一致。结论此类具有新型锌离子螯合集团的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂具有较好的抗肿瘤活性和抑酶活性,具有进一步研究的价值。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂抗肿瘤临床研究进展

综述了近年来组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂作为抗肿瘤药的临床研究进展。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂可以引导肿瘤细胞生长停滞、分化和凋亡,是很有前途的癌症治疗药物。目前,超过十多种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂作为治疗血液肿瘤和恶性实体瘤药物,有上百个临床试验正在进行中。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂抗肿瘤机制研究进展

肿瘤是威胁人类身体健康严重疾病之一,传统抗肿瘤药物因为选择性差而容易引起比较严重的毒副作用。随着近些年来临床医学研究水平的不断提高,有关肿瘤致病与发病机制的相关基本过程也逐渐被阐明,新型的抗肿瘤药物组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）抑制剂在临床中广泛应用开来。HDAC抑制剂能够作用于患者的肿瘤细胞,使肿瘤细胞的增殖受抑制,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,具有非常高的临床应用价值。本文就HDAC抑制剂在抗肿瘤方面所取得的效果以及药用机制等问题做了相关描述,供相关人员做参考。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的合成及其体外抗肿瘤研究

目的设计并合成组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi),并对其组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)抑制活性和体外抗肿瘤活性进行研究。方法以N-Boc-对苯二胺和辛二酸酐为起始原料,反应制得7-(N-Boc-氨基)苯胺甲酰基庚酸,再通过胺醛缩合反应合成HDACi;并采用HDACs试剂盒和CCK-8试剂盒测试所合成目标化合物抑制HDACs的活性和抗肿瘤活性。结果合成了26个新化合物,其结构均经过核磁共振氢谱和质谱进行了确证。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,所合成的目标化合物对HDACs的抑制活性均强于阳性药物伏立诺他,并对MCF-7、PC-3、HepG2、MGC-803和KB 5种肿瘤细胞有不同程度的抑制活性,其中希夫碱含有吸电子基的化合物对HDACs的抑制活性以及抗肿瘤活性强于其他衍生物。尤其是4-氰基化合物11c对HDACs展现出了最强的抑制活性,是阳性药伏立诺他的58倍;同时,化合物11c对肿瘤细胞MCF-7、PC3、MGC-803和HepG2展现出了最强的抗肿瘤活性,其抗胃癌MGC-803甚至是阳性药物伏立诺他的7.2倍。结论希夫碱是一类重要的抗肿瘤药效团,能够提高HDACi的抗肿瘤活性,为今后发展新型、高效的HDACi提供了新的思路。     

环肽类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂研究进展

组蛋白去乙酰化酶是一类对染色体结构修饰和基因表达调控具有重要作用的蛋白酶,其异常活化与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性已成为抗肿瘤治疗的有效策略之一。对组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的抗肿瘤作用机制进行介绍,并重点综述环肽类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的研究进展,旨在为该类药物的深入开发提供参考。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的抗肿瘤活性

组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）与染色质重塑有关，在基因表达的表观遗传调控中扮演重要角色。此外，HDAC介导的低乙酰化作用可调节非组蛋白活性。近年来，抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶成为逆转与肿瘤相关的表观遗传异常改变的潜在策略。临床前研究发现，多种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（HDACi）表现出有效的、特异的抗肿瘤活性，然而其疗效相当广泛和复杂。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂可通过阻滞细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制血管新生、诱导自我吞噬等多种途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。此外,与其他抗肿瘤化合物联合应用时也表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性,具有极大的临床开发潜力。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的研究进展

表观遗传学是目前遗传学研究的热点,而肿瘤的发生与表观遗传学关系密切.表观遗传修饰中组蛋白乙酰化酶(HAT)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)之间的动态平衡控制着染色质结构和基因表达.HDAC抑制剂作为新一代潜在靶向抗肿瘤药物,为国内外药学研究的热点.本文综述HDAC抑制剂的作用机制及临床研究进展.     

邻硝基苯乙酸作为载体的异羟肟酸类化合物的设计、合成及活性评价

目的为了提高苯基取代的异羟肟酸类化合物对肿瘤细胞的选择性,并降低对正常细胞的毒副作用,本课题组设计并合成以邻硝基苯乙酸作为载体的新型异羟肟酸类化合物。方法以硝基苯衍生物,邻硝基苯乙酸等为原料合成目标化合物。MTT法检测化合物对A549、BEL-7402、HepG2和MGC-803的抑制作用,通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制实验进一步验证化合物活性,并通过急性毒性实验测定化合物的毒性。结果化合物6e、6f对A549细胞的抑制作用优于阳性对照药伏立诺他。通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制实验发现,化合物6e、6f均具有较好的酶抑制作用,与MTT实验结果基本一致,并从急性毒性实验结果得出此类化合物的毒性较阳性对照药伏立诺他小。结论以邻硝基苯乙酸作为载体的此类化合物,可降低对正常细胞的毒副性,并且能增加该类化合物在体内抗肿瘤活性,有进一步研究的价值。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂抗肿瘤作用研究进展

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylase, HDAC)在肿瘤发生和发展的多个环节中扮演着非常重要的角色,如肿瘤抑癌基因沉默、细胞分化、血管生成、细胞迁移、细胞周期异常、信号传导及细胞附着等。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACIs)可以靶向组蛋白去乙酰化酶调控组蛋白的乙酰化,进而调控关键的抑制肿瘤蛋白和原癌基因,是极具潜力的抗肿瘤药物。HDACIs已经在血液/淋巴系统肿瘤治疗方面取得了一定成果,目前已经有2种HDACIs：SAHA(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid)和FK228被批准用于治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴癌,当前大量的临床试验正在挖掘HDACIs在实体瘤治疗方面的潜力。尽管目前基于细胞的研究发现HDACIs可以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,细胞周期抑制,细胞分化,抑制血管生成和自噬等,但HDACIs发挥抗肿瘤活性的分子机制仍未阐明,其对实体瘤的临床治疗效果及相关治疗策略有待进一步确证。     

含吡嗪环的苯甲酰胺类HDAC抑制剂的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的设计合成具有抗肿瘤活性的新型苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂。方法 4-氨甲基苯甲酸酯化后与2,6-二氯吡嗪反应得到中间体,再经过Suzuki反应后与相应的取代苯硼酸偶联,在CDI的作用下与相应的苯胺反应得到目标化合物。结果与结论合成了12个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经MS、1H-NMR谱确证。化合物4a、4b、4d、4i和4k对人急性白血病细胞(HL60)和人乳腺癌细胞(M CF-7)的抑制活性与阳性对照物MS-275相比,活性相当或有较为显著的提高,可进行进一步研究。     

Discovery, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of spiropiperidine hydroxamic acid based derivatives as structurally novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors

New spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine] and spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine] hydroxamic acid derivatives as HDAC inhibitors have been identified by combining privileged structures with a hydroxamic acid moiety as zinc binding group. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit nuclear extract HDACs and for their in vitro antiproliferative activity on different tumor cell lines. This work resulted in the discovery of spirocycle 30d that shows good oral bioavailability and tumor growth inhibition in an HCT-116 murine xenograft model.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors based on virtual screening

Ligand- and structure-based virtual screening methods were employed to identify novel non-hydroxamate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Based on the newly identified hit compound 17a, three series of compounds were synthesized and evaluated for both HDAC1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. Binding modes of representative structures were analyzed using the docking method to explain the observed disparity in HDAC1 inhibitory activities.     

Sulfonate ester hydroxamic acids as potent and selective inhibitors of TACE enzyme

Sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives of anthranilic acids are known to be potent inhibitors of cell-free TACE enzyme. However, compounds of this structural class with both high potency and high selectivity for TACE over matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are uncommon. Replacement of the sulfonamide functionality with an isosteric sulfonate ester has resulted in a series of sulfonate ester hydroxamates, 2a-e, with excellent activity against TACE and excellent selectivity over MMP-1 and MMP-13. Although compounds 2a-e possess good permeability in a PAMPA assay, they are only weakly active as inhibitors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Protein binding affinity also does not predict the lack of cellular activity for these analogs.     

苯甘氨羟肟酸类化合物的设计、合成及其抑制炭疽致死因子的活性

目的设计、合成炭疽致死因子抑制剂,并测定其对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,得到具有自主知识产权的抗炭疽致死毒素中毒药物。方法以LFI40为先导结构,依据其与炭疽致死因子结合的结构特征,设计了含苯环的羟肟酸类化合物;以D-对羟基苯甘氨酸为起始原料,依次经酯化反应、还原反应、氨基的保护和成醚反应、磺酰胺化反应以及酯基与羟胺的反应得到目标化合物;利用荧光多肽裂解试验、鼠类巨噬细胞样细胞系RAW 264.7模型和动物体内抵抗炭疽致死毒素(PA+LF)的药效研究,评价了目标化合物对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,并对抑制炭疽致死因子活性的选择性进行研究。结果与结论合成了13个未见文献报道的目标化合物,其结构经~1H-NMR、MS谱确证;活性评价结果表明化合物I-1和I-11对炭疽致死因子具有较高的抑制活性和较好的选择性,并具有良好的抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,其中,I-1抑制炭疽致死因子的活性和选择性以及抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性不但与LFI40相当,而且其制备方法较为简单,值得进一步研究。     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of ambenonium derivatives as AChE inhibitors

Ambenonium (1), an old AChE inhibitor, is endowed with an outstanding affinity and a peculiar mechanism of action that, taken together, make it a very promising pharmacological tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the bisquaternary structure of 1 prevents its passage through the blood brain barrier. In a search of centrally active ambenonium derivatives, we planned to synthesize tertiary amines of 1, such as 2 and 3. In addition, to add new insights into the binding mechanism of the inhibitor, we designed constrained analogues of ambenonium by incorporating the diamine functions into cyclic moieties (4-12). The biological evaluation of the new compounds has been assessed in vitro against human AChE and BChE. All tertiary amine derivatives resulted more than 1000-fold less potent than 1 and, unlike prototype, did not show any selectivity between the two enzymes. This result, because of recent findings concerning the role of BChE in AD, makes our compounds, endowed with a well-balanced profile of AChE/BChE inhibition, valuable candidates for further development. To better clarify the interactions that account for the high affinity of 1, docking simulations and molecular dynamics studies on the AChE-1 complex were also carried out.     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3,4-diarylmaleimides as angiogenesis inhibitors

The new analogue 2 of combretastatin A-4 was discovered to be an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 7.6 microM and reduced angiogenesis in the in vivo chick embryo model. Interestingly, in a series of 2,3-diarylmaleimides closely related to this lead, no other compound was found to be active in the tubulin polymerization assay. However, by screening in the in vivo chick embryo assay 10 was identified as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor indicating an alternative target. Indeed, molecular modeling studies suggest a reasonable binding mode of 10 at the ATP-binding site of the model kinase CDK2. Motivated by these results, analogues of 10 were screened for inhibitory activity in a panel of 12 selected protein kinases and a high affinity of 10 to VEGF-R2 was found showing an IC50 of 2.5 nM. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this compound series with the isolated enzyme and equivalent antiangiogenic activity in the chick embryo assay are presented herein.     

4-哌嗪喹唑啉苯甲酰胺类化合物的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的寻找新型苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)抑制剂,探讨其初步构效关系。方法以恩替司他(MS-275)为先导结构,对其酶表面识别区、链接区及锌离子结合区进行改造,设计并合成了系列4-哌嗪喹唑啉苯甲酰胺类化合物。以取代4-羟基喹唑啉为原料,经氯代、氨解、水解制备苯甲酸类衍生物,然后与邻苯二胺或4-氟邻苯二胺经缩合反应制备目标化合物7a~7h;经体外组蛋白去乙酰化酶1抑制活性试验及对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116的抗增殖活性试验,进行目标化合物的活性评价。结果与结论共合成8个未见文献报道的新化合物,结构经质谱及核磁共振氢谱确认。体外初步活性试验表明,目标化合物均具有HDAC1酶抑制活性及抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性。与MS-275相比,目标化合物对HDAC1酶抑制活性减弱,但化合物体外对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116的抗增殖活性却优于或相当于MS-275,其中化合物7g对HCT-116抑制作用的IC50值为0.245μmol·L-1,具有进一步研究价值。     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sulfonic acid ester and benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potential CETP inhibitors

Epidemiological studies have established an inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, and incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD); thus, the development of novel therapies that attempt to exploit the atheroprotective functions of HDL is a major goal. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is one of the approaches targeted to increase HDL cholesterol concentration. CETP is a glycoprotein involved in transporting lipoprotein particles and neutral lipids between HDL and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and therefore CETP inhibitors could be useful agents in the future for treating dyslipidemia and related disorders. Guided by our previously reported pharmacophore and QSAR models for CETP inhibition, we synthesized and bioassayed a series of sulfonic acid ester and benzenesulfonamide derivatives that can serve as a promising lead compounds for the development of potential and selective CETP inhibitors. The most potent compound 6k illustrated an IC₅₀ of 3.4?μM.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of several aromatic substituted chalcones as antimalarial agents

Malaria is a communicable disease which is caused by protozoan's mainly Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi). The increasing resistance of Plasmodium to available malarial drugs poses a great responsibility for the researchers in the field of malaria. To overcome this problem of resistance, this study aimed to design and synthesize a new class of antimalarial agent with chalcone as the main moiety. Chalcones, a member of flavanoid family, consist of two aromatic rings of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one linked by a three carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Five derivatives were designed and among them one was selected. The CC2 was then synthesized by esterification of Para amino acetophenone followed by treatment with hydrazide to form 2-(4 acetylphenoxy)acetohydrazide. This was then coupled with 2-Bromo substituted Diazotized esterified anilines, which was finally linked with substituted benzaldehyde to yield CC2. These were then structurally verified by Infra Red (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The chalcone was then tested for in vitro growth inhibition assays using SYBR GREEN-1 Based assay and IC₅₀ values were identified. The compound CC2 showed quite promising antimalarial activity by inhibiting cysteine protease enzyme. The acute toxicity studies of the compound were carried out as per OECD guideline 425 and the results showed no toxic signs and symptoms indicating CC2 as a safe and less toxic compound.