女贞子的化学成分研究

目的：研究女贞Ligustrum lucidum的干燥成熟果实的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和ODS柱色谱等色谱方法进行分离纯化,并根据NMR,MS等波谱方法和理化性质鉴定其化学结构。结果：从女贞子中分离得到20个化合物,其中三萜类化合物15个,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸 (1),2α-羟基齐墩果酸 (2),乙酰齐墩果酸 (3),羽扇豆醇 (4),白桦脂醇(5),达玛烯二醇(6),3β-乙酰氧基-20,25-环氧-24α-羟基-达玛烷 (7),20,25-环氧-3β,24α-二羟基-达玛烷 (8),3β-乙酰氧基-达玛烯二醇 (9),3β,20S-二羟基-24R-过氧羟基-25-烯-达玛烷 (10),fouquierol (11),oliganthas A (12),达玛烯二醇3-O-棕榈酸酯 (13),拟人参皂苷元 II 3-O-棕榈酸酯 (14),3β,20S-二羟基-25-过氧羟基-23E-烯-达玛烷 (15);苯乙醇类化合物5个,分别为毛蕊花苷 (16),北升麻宁 (17),2-(3,4-二羟基苯基) 乙基-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苷 (18),osmanthuside H (19),3,4-二羟基苯基乙醇 (20)。结论：化合物4,16,17,19为首次从本植物中分离得到,化合物12～15为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

三七总皂苷酸水解产物化学成分研究

目的对三七总皂苷(PNS)酸水解产物化学成分进行研究。方法 PNS用盐酸水解,水解产物采用各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,由波谱数据(HR-ESI-MS、ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HSQC、HMBC)进行结构鉴定。结果从PNS酸水解产物中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为达玛-25-烯-24-过氧羟基-3β,6α,12β,20S-四醇(1)、6α,12β,20S-三羟基-达玛烷-24-烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、6α,12β,20R-三羟基-达玛烷-24-烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、越南人参皂苷R8(4)、24(S)-拟人参皂苷GQ(5)、人参皂苷Rg5(6)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3(7)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rk2(8)、3β,12β-二羟基-达玛烷-E-20(22),24-二烯-6-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2(10)、人参皂苷SL1(11)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1(12)、20(22)E-人参皂苷Rh4(13)、25-羟基-20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1(14)、(3β,6α,12β,20S)-20,25-环氧-3-12-二羟基-达玛-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、20(R)-原人参二醇(16)、20(R)-原人参三醇(17)、20(S)-原人参三醇(18)。结论化合物1为1个新的四环三萜化合物,化合物2～5为三七及PNS转化产物中首次分离得到。     

青龙衣中三萜类化合物的分析

目的:研究青龙衣抗肿瘤活性部位三萜类的化学成分。方法:采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20以及重结晶方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质及NMR光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从青龙衣中分离并鉴定了10个化合物,分别鉴定为20(S)-原人参二醇(1),20(S)-原人参二醇-3-酮(2),20(S)-羟基达玛烷-24-烯-3-酮(3),20(S),24(R)-二羟基达玛烷-25-烯-3-酮(4),1β,12β,20(S)-三羟基达玛烷-24-烯-3-酮(5),2α-羟基齐墩果酸(6),2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸(7),2α-羟基熊果酸(8),23-羟基熊果酸(9),3-epikatonic acid(10)。结论:化合物1,3,5~10为首次从胡桃属植物中分离得到。     

人参果梗的化学成分研究

目的对人参Panax ginseng果梗的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶制备液相方法进行分离纯化,通过1H-NMR和13C-NMR波谱方法分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从人参果梗的乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到28个化合物,分别鉴定为20(S)-原人参三醇(1)、20(S)-原人参二醇(2)、20(S)-达玛-24-烯-3-酮-6α,12β,20-三醇(3)、(20S,23E)-达玛-23-烯-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(4)、(20S,24R)-达玛-26-烯-3β,6α,12β,20,24-五醇(5)、20(R)-达玛烷-3-酮-6α,12β,20,25-四醇(6)、人参皂苷Rk2(7)、20(R)-达玛烷-24(25)-环氧-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(8)、人参皂苷CK(9)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(10)、人参皂苷Rh4(11)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(12)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,24-五醇(13)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(14)、拟人参皂苷RT5(15)、人参皂苷Rh1(16)、人参皂苷Rh3(17)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18)、20(S)-异人参皂苷Rh3(19)、人参皂苷Rg1(20)、人参皂苷Y(21)、人参皂苷Rd(22)、人参皂苷la(23)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(24)、人参皂苷Rg2(25)、三七皂苷Fe(26)、人参皂苷Re(27)和人参皂苷Rb1(28)。结论化合物4~6、8、10、12、13和21是首次从人参中分离得到。     

糙苏根的化学成分研究

目的:研究糙苏根的化学成分.方法:用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等多种柱色谱分离,制备高效液相色谱纯化,得到单体化合物,用各种有机波谱鉴定化合物结构.结果:分离得到13个化合物,鉴定为齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,1),2α-羟基乌苏酸(corosolic acid,2),3β,23-二羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(hederagenin,3),2α,3β,23-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(arjunolic acid,4),2α,3β,23,24-四羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(belleric acid,5),3β-hydroxy-29-al-12-en-28-oleanoic acid(6),butyrospermol (7),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,8),β-胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,9),咖啡酸(caffeic acid,10),3-甲氧基4-羟基-苯甲酸(vanillic acid,11),对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxy-benzoic acid,12),3,4-二羟基-苯甲酸(3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid,13).结论:化合物3～9,11～13为首次从糙苏中分离得到的化合物.     

桂花的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等多种材料进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱分析进行结构鉴定,从桂花醇提溶液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分,分离并鉴定了32个化合物,分别为boschniakinic acid(1),ursolaldehyde(2),augustic acid(3),2α,3β,23-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28酸(4),5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(5),异高山黄芩(6),6,7-二羟基香豆素(7),2α-羟基齐墩果酸(8),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),D-阿洛醇(10),5,4’-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),5,7-二羟基色原酮(12),羽扇豆醇(13),柚皮素(14),乙酰氧基齐墩果酸(15),绿原酸(16),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17),齐墩果酸(18),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(19),3’,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮(20),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(21),对羟基桂皮酸(22),丁香脂素(23),3,4-二羟基苯乙酮(24),β-谷甾醇(25),对羟基苯乙酸乙酯(26),苯甲酸(27),咖啡酸(28),贝母兰宁(29),对羟基苯乙酸(30),对羟基苯乙酮(31),对羟基苯乙酸甲酯(32)。其中,除化合物2,4~5,8~11,13,15,18,20,25,27外,其余化合物在桂花中均为首次分离。     

广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究

目的:研究广藿香Pogostemon cablin的非挥发性化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,并根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从广藿香醇提物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为田蓟苷(1),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-4-O-阿魏酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),大豆脑苷Ⅰ和Ⅱ(5),藿香苷(6),7-O-(3″,6″-二-反式-对-香豆酰基)-β-D-半乳糖-芹菜素苷(7),5-羟基-3,3′,4′,7-四甲氧基黄酮(8),4′,5-二羟基-3,3′,7-三甲氧基黄酮(9),金合欢素(10),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-4-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-6-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)。结论:化合物1,2,4~7,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

人参茎叶总皂苷酸水解产物化学成分研究

目的 研究人参Panax ginseng茎叶总皂苷酸水解产物的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离、纯化,通过NMR、MS等进行结构鉴定。结果 从人参茎叶总皂苷的酸水解产物中分离鉴定了34个化合物,分别为3β-乙酰氧基-12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(1)、3β,6α-二乙酰氧基-12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(2)、3β-乙酰氧基-6α,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(3)、20(R)-人参二醇(4)、异去氢原人参三醇(5)、3-酮基-6α,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(6)、达玛-(E)-20(22)-烯-3β,12β,25-三醇(7)、6α-乙酰氧基-3β,12β-二羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷(8)、20(S)-原人参二醇(9)、20(R)-原人参二醇(10)、20(S)-25-乙氧基-达玛烷-3β,12β,20-三醇(11)、20(R)-人参三醇(12)、达玛-(E)-20(22),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(13)、27-去甲基-(E,E)-20(22),23-二烯-3β,12β-二羟基达玛-25-酮(14)、3β,12β-二羟基-22,23,24,25,26,27-六去甲达玛烷-20-酮(15)、3β-乙酰氧基-6α,12β,25-三羟基-(20S,24R)-环氧达玛烷(16)、20(S)-25-乙氧基-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(17)、达玛-(E)-20(22)-烯-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(18)、达玛-(Z)-20(22)-烯-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(19)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(20)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(21)、20(S)-原人参三醇(22)、20(R)-原人参三醇(23)、(20S,24S)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(24)、(20S,24R)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(25)、(20R,24R)-达玛烷-20,24-环氧-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(26)、3β,6α,12β-三羟基-22,23.24,25,26,27-六去甲达玛烷-20-酮(27)、12β-羟基-20(R),25-环氧达玛烷-3β-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28)、20(S)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(29)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(30)、20(R)-达玛烷-3β,6α,12β-三羟基-20,25-环氧-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(31)、拟人参皂苷Rh₂(32)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(33)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁(34)。结论 化合物1～3、6、8、11、17、24～26和32为首次从人参茎叶总皂苷酸水解产物中分离得到的人参三萜类化合物;首次报道化合物1、16和19的碳谱数据;32是人癌细胞增殖的抑制剂。     

中华苦荬菜中的新三萜

目的研究中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化,依据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从中华苦荬菜全草中分离得到9个三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为20α-过氧羟基-3β-乌苏醇-21-烯(1)、3β,21α-二羟基羽扇豆-18-烯(2)、3β,25-二羟基-甘遂烷-7,23-二烯(3)、21α-羟基蒲公英甾醇-20(30)-烯(4)、羽扇豆醇(5)、3β-乌苏醇(6)、3β-齐墩果醇-18-烯(7)、3β-齐墩果醇(8)、3β-乌苏醇-20-烯(9)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为苦荬菜三萜醇;化合物7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

抗肿瘤中药青龙衣化学成分研究

目的:研究核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim)的未成熟的外果皮的化学成分。方法:采用常规硅胶柱、半制备高效液相色谱等手段进行分离制备,利用各种谱学技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从青龙衣中分离得到14种三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为2α-羟基齐墩果酸(1),2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸(2),齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),阿江榄仁酸(4),青钱柳酸A(5),青钱柳酸B(6),蒲公英萜醇(7),2α-羟基熊果酸(8),23-羟基熊果酸(9),2α,3α,19α-三羟基熊果酸(10),2α,3β,19α-三羟基熊果酸-12-烯-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),青钱柳苷I(12),木栓酮(13),3-羟基-30-去甲基-20-酮基-28-羽扇豆酸(14)。结论:化合物3~7、11~14首次从青龙衣中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。