最小二乘支持向量机的参数优化及其应用

针对最小二乘支持向量机的多参数带来的参数寻优问题,将进化算法(遗传算法和PSO算法)应用其中,通过Sinc函数的测试,成功地实现了多参数的联合优化;将这一方法应用到德士古炉温软测量建模中,采用来自工业现场的实测数据进行仿真,将两种方法的仿真结果与常用的BP神经网络进行比较,可以看出两种算法都较好地解决了最小二乘支持向量机的参数优化问题.     

两群替代微粒群优化算法及其应用

提出一种两群替代微粒群优化算法（TSSPSO），并对算法参数进行分析和对算法方程进行修正。该方法将微粒分成飞行方向不同的两分群，其中一分群微粒朝着最优微粒飞行，另一分群微粒朝着相反方向飞行；飞行时，每一微粒不仅受到微粒本身飞行经验和本分群最优微粒的影响，还受到全群最优微粒的影响。搜索时，每一次迭代均以一定的替代率用一分群中若干优势微粒取代另一分群中相同数目的劣势微粒。对4种常用函数的优化问题进行测试并进行比较，结果表明：两群替代微粒群优化算法比基本微粒群优化算法更容易找到全局最优解，优化效率和优化性能明显提高。将两群替代微粒群优化算法用于常压塔汽油干点软测量，建立基于两群替代微粒群优化算法的汽油干点神经网络软测量模型，通过与实际工业数据的比较，表明基于两群替代微粒群神经网络的软测量模型精度高、性能好。     

基于混沌最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模

提出一种改进算法,用来解决现有最小二乘支持向量机方法在处理大规模样本软测量建模问题时出现的模型结构复杂、失去支持向量稀疏性且正规化参数和核参数难以确定等问题。对样本集进行预处理,通过计算样本间欧氏距离进行样本相似程度分析,去除样本集中1/3的样本以简化支持向量机模型结构并提高计算速度。定义了一种混沌映射构成混沌系统并分析了其遍历性。应用改进的混沌优化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机模型参数以提高模型的拟合精度和泛化能力。将改进算法用于丙烯腈收率软测量建模中,仿真实验结果表明：模型精度较高,泛化性能好,满足现场测量要求。     

动态分群的微粒群优化算法

在分析基本微粒群优化算法的基础上,引进分群思想,提出了一种动态分群的微粒群优化算法(DPSO)。根据适应值的大小将微粒群分成两个或多个分群,然后,每个分群采用不同的策略分别搜索,得到输出最优值。将动态分群的微粒群优化算法用于一些常用测试函数的优化问题,实例计算表明:DPSO具有较强的全局寻优能力。将DPSO用于延迟焦化装置粗汽油干点软测量,所建模型的泛化性较好,模型具有较高的精度。     

一种DEA-PSO混合算法及其在丙烯腈收率软测量中的应用

提出了一种DEA 与PSO相结合的混合算法,即用DEA算法对PSO中适应值较差的粒子群进行重组和优化。将此混合算法与PSO算法同时用于一些常见测试函数的优化问题,通过对比表明:与PSO算法相比,DEA-PSO混合算法的优化效果更佳。用DEA-PSO混合算法训练神经网络,并将其用于丙烯腈收率软测量建模,结果显示了该混合算法在丙烯腈软测量建模中的可行性与有效性。     

基于混合核函数的PSO-SVM分类算法

在数据挖掘中,支持向量机是被广泛应用的一种分类算法,其核函数的选择及参数的设定没有有效的标准。本文采用混合核函数构造兼顾学习能力和泛化性能的支持向量机算法,并利用粒子群算法来确定支持向量机的参数。应用基于混合核函数的PSO SVM算法对一个经典的分类测试数据集进行分类,将该算法与单一核函数支持向量机算法的分类结果进行比较,结果表明所提出的算法的分类性能有明显提升。     

PSO-ε-SVM的回归算法

回归支持向量机的ε不敏感损失函数的参数寻优是一个重要的问题,它与支持向量机的行为特性有紧密关系。本文给出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的、对ε不敏感损失函数的ε参数寻优的方法,仿真结果表明:采用基于粒子群优化算法的寻优方法寻找ε参数,需要重复训练回归支持向量机模型的次数明显小于格点搜索方法,节省了大量的时间并且能找到较优的ε值。     

基于文化差分进化算法的最小二乘支持向量机及QSAR建模

针对最小二乘支持向量机最佳算法参数难以确定的缺陷,提出了基于文化差分进化算法的最小二乘支持向量机(Cultural Differential evolution Algorithm Least Square Support Vector Machine,CDE-LSSVM)。该算法通过新型的文化差分进化算法优化确定最小二乘支持向量机核宽度参数和惩罚系数,建立具有良好预测性能的模型。同时,针对药物定量构效关系（Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships,QSAR）模型具有高度非线性、变量之间存在相关性的特征,采用CDE-LSSVM建立HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的药物定量构效关系模型。模型具有很好的拟合精度与预测精度,且优于最小二乘支持向量机、BP神经网络和径向基神经网络。     

基于多模型模糊核聚类方法的污水处理过程软测量建模

针对污水处理过程高度非线性及强耦合性的特点,基于多个模型的组合可以提高模型精度和鲁棒性的思想,提出了一种基于 模糊核聚类的多最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法。该方法根据不同工况使用模糊核聚类算法对输入数据进行聚类划分,针对 每个聚类子集用最小二乘支持向量机方法建立子模型,最终通过子模型切换策略得到系统输出。在污水处理过程仿真平台展开验证 工作,对生化需氧量BOD的软测量进行建模,获得了良好的实验结果。     

基于离散粒子群和支持向量机的故障诊断方法

针对与故障不相关的变量会影响分类器性能，从而导致故障诊断正确率下降，提出一种将离散粒子群算法（PSO）与支持向量机（SVM）相结合寻找故障特征变量的优化算法。该算法实现了数据降维和故障特征保留，有效地提高了故障诊断性能。基于连续搅拌釜式反应器（CSTR）的仿真实例验证了该算法古白有诗性．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.