Total knee arthroplasty for steroid-induced osteonecrosis.

There have been only a few reports that evaluate the outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the knee. We retrospectively reviewed 31 total knee arthroplasties in 24 patients with confirmed steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the knee. The average follow-up was 64 months. Of surviving knees, 92% had significant improvement in knee scores. Five knees (16%) required a revision procedure. Reasons for revision were aseptic loosening in 3 knees and sepsis in 2 knees. Complications not requiring revision occurred in 6 of 31 knees (19%). Survivorship of total knee arthroplasty to revision in patients with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the knee was 84% at 5 years. Although there was a slightly higher complication rate, this may, in part, be due to the severity of the patients' underlying disease processes. Total knee arthroplasty can be a successful procedure for chronically ill patients with steroid-induced osteonecrosis.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床效果。方法对35例类风湿性关节炎患者(64膝)进行全膝关节置换。根据软组织平衡情况采用后稳定型膝关节非限制性假体(58膝)或者限制性假体(6膝)。根据HSS评分系统对患者手术前后的膝关节功能进行评分。结果 35例均获随访,时间6个月~7年。关节功能明显改善,尤其是在畸形矫正方面效果显著。HSS评分:优27例,良4例,可4例,优良率达88.5%。无感染发生及深静脉血栓形成。结论类风湿性关节炎病理改变复杂,手术难度大,需要很好的软组织平衡技术,韧带损伤严重者需要采用限制性假体才能取得满意的疗效。     

The press-fit condylar total knee system: 8- to 10-year results with a posterior cruciate-retaining design

A total of 108 consecutive Press-Fit Condylar total knee arthroplasties were performed in 94 patients. All patients had implantation with a cemented posterior cruciate-retaining design, which included resurfacing of the patella. Mean age at surgery was 70 years (range, 35-87 years). Patients were followed for a mean of 9 years (range, 8-10 years) with follow-up for all surviving patients. The average postoperative functional knee score was 96 points. Nonprogressive radiolucent lines were present in 59%. One patellar component was radiographically loose. Five knees underwent revision procedures, none for aseptic loosening. Survivorship was 93.4% at 9 years with revision for any reason as the endpoint and 98.7% with aseptic loosening as the endpoint. This knee arthroplasty shows excellent results at 8 to 10 years with no patients lost to follow-up.     

15-year follow-up study of total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

In 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 36 cases of cemented Kinematic total knee arthroplasty were reviewed clinically and radiographically at 13 to 19 years after surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 51.6 +/- 8.9 years. According to the follow-up results evaluated with the Hospital for Special Surgery knee scoring system, 28 knees (77.7%) were classified as good or excellent. The mean flexion angle at follow-up evaluation was 99 degrees +/- 24 degrees (10 degrees -140 degrees ). At the tibial or femoral bone-cement interfaces, a radiolucent line was seen in 10 of 36 knees (27.8%) at follow-up evaluation. The survival rate of prostheses with revision as the endpoint was estimated to be 93.7% at 15 years. Kinematic total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients provided a good long-term outcome.     

Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease of bone at the knee

The purpose of this study was to identify the technical difficulties, complications, and long-term outcome of total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease. Twenty consecutive patients (21 knees) with Paget's disease at the knee who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed. All arthroplasties employed cemented condylar implants. Two patients died at less than 2 years and one was lost to follow-up; the remaining 17 (18 knees) were followed for an average of 9 years. Mean Knee Society scores for pain and function improved from 41 and 36 points preoperatively to 87 and 67 points, respectively, postoperatively. One patient underwent femoral revision for aseptic loosening at 10 years. None developed substantial heterotopic ossifications or deep infection. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Paget's disease can provide good clinical results with low revision rate and good implant durability, despite technical challenges.     

An 8- to 10-year review of the Rotaglide total knee replacement

Mobile-bearing knee arthroplasty (MBKA) is an alternative to fixed-bearing knee arthroplasty. This was a retrospective study of the Rotaglide Total Knee System. We present the results of the monitoring of 77 patients (85 knees) with a median duration to failure or end of follow up of 8.5 years (range 0.4 to 10.1 years). Patients were clinically and radiologically assessed at dedicated follow up clinics. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and Knee Society Score (KSS) systems were used to describe the clinical and radiological findings. The prosthesis had an estimated survival probability of 93.5% (standard error 3.4%) at 9 years. It is associated with good rates of patient satisfaction and high scores on the HSS and KSS systems. No knees were revised for aseptic loosening. This knee replacement has a survival rate equivalent to other prostheses. It is a safe and reliable prosthesis associated with good clinical outcome.     

Advantage of Minimal Anterior Knee Pain and Long-term Survivorship of Cemented Single Radius Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty without Patella Resurfacing

BackgroundThe single radius total knee prosthesis was introduced with the advantage of reduced patellar symptoms; however, there is no long-term follow-up study of the same. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate of single radius posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty and patellofemoral complication rates in a consecutive series.MethodsSeventy-one patients (103 knees) who underwent arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing using a single radius posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis were followed up for a minimum 10 years. Clinical evaluation using Knee Society knee and function scores and radiologic evaluation were performed at regular intervals. Anterior knee pain as well as patellofemoral complications were evaluated with a simple questionnaire. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to estimate survival.ResultsSeventeen patients (23 knees) were excluded due to death (12 knees) or lost to follow-up (11 knees). Of the 80 knees enrolled, all femoral components and 78 tibial components were well fixed without loosening at final follow-up. Two revisions were performed because of tibial component loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. One patient with tibial component loosening refused to have revision surgery. No obvious tibial insert polyethylene wear was observed. The survivorships at 132 months were 96.7% using revision or pending revision as end points. Anterior knee pain was present in 6 patients (6 knees, 7.5%) at the latest follow-up. No patellofemoral complication requiring revision was encountered.ConclusionsThe single radius posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis demonstrated an excellent minimum 10-year survivorship. The low rates of implant loosening and 7.5% of anterior knee pain as a patellofemoral complication are comparable with those reported for other modern total knee prosthesis.     

Fracture of the patella after total knee arthroplasty

Patellar fracture after knee arthroplasty was found in 11 patients (12 knees) during a 15-year period. Causes of this fracture include trauma, technical factors, and biophysical factors. The incidence of this infrequent complication was significantly increased after patella resurfacing and revision arthroplasty. Minimally displaced, non-comminuted fractures were immobilized, whereas displaced, comminuted fractures with loose patellar prostheses were treated operatively. At a mean follow-up period of 28 months, the average knee score was 75 points. The average arc of motion was 87 degrees, and six of the 11 patients have returned to their prefracture functional level. Treatment should be individualized on the basis of fracture displacement, comminution, and button fixation.     

膝关节单髁置换术早中期并发症分析

1目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术（UKA）早中期并发症的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2003～2013年本组行UKA共217膝的临床结果,对早中期并发症进行分析。男46膝,女171膝,平均年龄65．3岁。术前诊断为膝关节骨关节炎201膝,骨坏死16膝。结果术后平均随访5．8年,患者满意率87％,疼痛缓解率93％,膝活动度123°,HSS评分92分。所有病例无临床深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生,无手术死亡病例。术后全膝关节置换翻修3例：1例假体松动、1例假体周围感染、1例对侧间室骨关节炎。Oxford半月板衬垫脱位2例,手术更换大号半月板衬垫。另有对侧间室骨关节炎1例未进行翻修。结论膝关节UKA治疗膝关节内侧间室病变中短期疗效满意,但存在特有并发症,应严格手术适应证、掌握手术操作原则及技术,完善围手术期处理,减少并发症的发生。     

全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效分析

目的 评价全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效、手术特点、假体选择及凝血因子替代治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 2003年6月至2009年4月,采用全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变患者19例(25膝);年龄18～54岁,平均33.4岁.Ⅷ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充至100%,术后3 d内80%以上,术后3 d至一周60%以上.术后进行以持续被动活动器(CPM)为主的功能锻炼,锻炼时机为Ⅷ因子输注后6 h内.观察比较手术前后膝关节HSS评分、疼痛、活动度及并发症.结果 18例(24膝)患者得到随访,随访时间7～54月,平均31个月.术前患者HSS评分为平均(51±14)分(31～64),术后HSS评分为平均(86±9.5)分(62～110).关节活动度由术前平均55°±26.3°(10°～100°),改善为术后平均82°±18.6°(60°～100°).屈曲畸形由术前平均19°±13°(0°～45°),改善为术后平均2.7°±3.2°(0°～10°).所有患者术后1～5 d时间内检测的平均Ⅶ因子浓度为74.07%.术后1例发生关节出血,1例发生腓总神经麻痹,1例患者术后17个月因假体感染行翻修术.结论 在合理补充凝血因子条件下,全膝关节置换术是治疗血友病膝关节病变的有效方法,可明显改善膝关节症状和活动度.     

Total knee arthroplasty for neuropathic (Charcot) joints

The clinical and radiographic results of 40 modern design condylar total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in 29 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Charcot joint were reviewed. The followup averaged 7.9 years (range, 2-15 years) for clinical and 6.4 years (range, 2-15) for radiographic surveillance. There was a significant improvement in Knee Society pain and function scores and ROM after knee arthroplasty. Extensive bone fragmentation and bone defect was present in 38 knees (95%). Metal wedge augments (10 knees, eight patient), autologous bone grafting (17 knees, 13 patients), and bone allografts (two knees, two patients) were used to reinforce the bony defects. Ligamentous instability necessitated the use of long stem components in 27 knees and rotating hinge prostheses in five knees. There were six reoperations for periprosthetic fracture (two knees, two patients), aseptic loosening (two knees, two patients), instability (one knee, one patient), and deep infection (one knee, one patient). Total knee arthroplasty may be offered to a select group of patients with end-stage neuropathic arthropathy. The basic principles of knee arthroplasty in restoring limb alignment, reinforcing bony defects by bone grafting or augmented prostheses, careful ligamentous balancing, and appropriate selection of constrained prostheses particularly are important in these patients. The technical challenges encountered during TKA in patients with neuropathic arthropathy, particularly in those with significant deformities, can require skills, implant systems, and methods usually reserved for complex revision arthroplasty.     

Revision surgery after failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

This retrospective study evaluates the results of 35 revision procedures after failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in 34 patients, which were done during the period 1986 to 1996. There were 28 women and 6 men with a mean age of 71 years (range, 54-85 years). In all cases, St. Georg and Endo (W. Link, Hamburg, Germany) unicompartmental prostheses were used except 1 PCA unicondylar implant (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ) and 1 Böhler unicondylar implant (Allo Pro, Baar, Switzerland). Failures most frequently were due to aseptic loosening followed by polyethylene wear. Two deep infections occurred. Revisions were performed 1 week to 11 years after UKA; 23 were required within the first 5 years. In most cases, revision was to a total knee arthroplasty. Partial component exchange was done in 9 cases. All 34 patients were evaluated clinically after exchange arthroplasty. After a mean follow-up time of 4 years (range, 1-12.2 years), we found 11 excellent, 13 good, 4 fair, and 7 poor results according to the Hospital for Special Surgery score. The fair and poor results were due to aseptic loosening of the knee prosthesis in 6 knees. One of 2 patients with deep infection needed femoral amputation. With correct indication and considerable surgical experience, UKA is still a good alternative, especially in the elderly patient.     

Revision surgery after failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a study of 35 cases

This retrospective study evaluates the results of 35 revision procedures after failed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in 34 patients, which were done during the period 1986 to 1996. There were 28 women and 6 men with a mean age of 71 years (range, 54-85 years). In all cases, St. Georg and Endo (W. Link, Hamburg, Germany) unicompartmental prostheses were used except 1 PCA unicondylar implant (How medica, Rutherford, NJ) and 1 B?hler unicondylar implant (Allo Pro, Baar, Switzerland). Failures most frequently were due to aseptic loosening followed by polyethylene wear. Two deep infections occurred. Revisions were performed 1 week to 11 years after UKA; 23 were required within the first 5 years. In most cases, revision was to a total knee arthroplasty. Partial component exchange was done in 9 cases. All 34 patients were evaluated clinically after exchange arthroplasty. After a mean follow-up time of 4 years (range, 1-12.2 years), we found 11 excellent, 13 good, 4 fair, and 7 poor results according to the Hospital for Special Surgery score. The fair and poor results were due to aseptic loosening of the knee prosthesis in 6 knees. One of 2 patients with deep infection needed femoral amputation. With correct indication and considerable surgical experience, UKA is still a good alternative, especially in the elderly patient.     

NexGen LPS—Flex全膝关节置换的近期疗效观察

目的探讨高屈曲型NexGen LPS—Flex人工全膝关节置换的近期疗效。方法41例（47膝）行高屈曲型NexGen LPS-Flex人工膝假体置换。术前、术后测量膝关节活动度，并根据HSS膝关节评分系统进行评估。结果获随访32例（38膝），时间12～42（28．03±8．86）个月。活动度从术前平均67．45°±10．50°改善到术后平均125．68°±10．14°。各种并发症的发生率低。术前HSS评分平均为44．7分±11分，术后HSS评分平均为90．3分±12分；根据HSS评分系统评定疗效：优14例，良16例，中2例，优良率达93．75％。结论高屈曲型NexGen LPS—Flex全膝关节置换的近期临床效果满意，长期效果还需进一步观察。     

A comparison of isokinetic strength testing and gait analysis in patients with posterior cruciate-retaining and substituting knee arthroplasties

Fourteen patients with a posterior-stabilized prosthesis in one knee and a posterior cruciate-retaining prosthesis in the contralateral knee and both scoring good or excellent on the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scale were evaluated by isokinetic muscle testing and comprehensive gait analysis at a mean follow-up of 98 months after arthroplasty. The average HSS knee score (93 points) and the average Knee Society score (94 points) were the same for the cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized knees. No differences were noted between the cruciate-retaining and the posterior stabilized knees with respect to isokinetic muscle testing parameters (peak torque, endurance, angle of peak torque, and torque acceleration energy) for both quadriceps and hamstrings. No significant differences were found between the cruciate-retaining and the posterior-stabilized knees with regard to gait parameters, knee range of motion, and electromyographic waveforms during level walking and stair climbing. Cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses perform equally well during level gait and stair climbing.     

The results at ten years of the Insall-Burstein II total knee replacement. Clinical, radiological and survivorship studies.

We reviewed the outcome of 146 Insall-Burstein II total knee replacements carried out in 121 patients over a period of nearly four years in a general orthopaedic unit. At a mean follow-up of ten years, 94 knees in 78 patients were available for review. Six patients (7 knees) were lost to follow-up and 37 (45 knees) had died. The clinical outcome using the scoring system of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) was excellent or good in 79% of patients, fair in 14% and poor in 7%. The mean preoperative HSS score was 31, improving to 79 at the latest review. Using the newer rating system of the Knee Society, the mean score at ten years was 87 and the mean functional score 56. The arc of flexion improved from a mean preoperative value of 88 degrees to 100 degrees. The 18 patients who had had a previous high tibial osteotomy were analysed separately and were found to have benefited equally from the operation. Nine prostheses were revised, giving a cumulative survival rate of 92.3% at ten years. Radiological evaluation of 104 radiographs showed radiolucent lines around ten tibial components, none of which required revision. Anterior knee pain was a significant problem.     

固定平台全膝关节置换术后10年以上临床随访研究

 目的 总结固定平台全膝关节置换的长期临床疗效,分析随访10年以上患者的假体生存情况及相关影响因素。方法 1993年6月至2002年5月期间施行全膝关节置换手术285例,其中226例患者(246例膝)纳入研究,男47例,女179例;年龄(62.2±9.4)岁(32~78岁)。其中类风湿关节炎36例43膝,骨关节炎188例201膝。统计假体生存时间10年以上者的膝关节HSS评分、活动度及术后影像学改变,分析假体生存情况及影响假体生存的因素。结果 160例(177膝)随访10年以上,术后平均随访11.9年(10~18年),总的10年假体生存率为93.6%,15年假体生存率为92.8%。后十字韧带保留假体与后稳定型假体长期生存率的差异无统计学意义。髌骨置换与不置换、类风湿关节炎与骨关节炎患者假体生存率的差异无统计学意义。术前膝关节HSS评分平均为(56.58±11.05)分,末次随访为(92.29±10.95)分;术前膝关节活动度平均为84.8°±24.0°,末次随访为99.7°±17.6°,膝关节伸直迟滞由术前平均8.4°±9.1°改善为0.5°±2°。翻修手术15例,原因为感染10例、无菌松动3例、关节僵硬1例、髌骨原因1例。结论 固定平台全膝关节置换可获得满意的长期临床疗效,10年假体生存率可达90%以上。是否保留后十字韧带、是否行髌骨置换、类风湿关节炎与骨关节炎患者长期假体生存率的差异无统计学意义。     

Clinical and radiological outcomes after revision to the low‐contact‐stress mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasty

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the short–medium‐term clinical and radiological outcomes in revision total knee arthroplasty using a mobile‐bearing implant. Methods: Forty patients (42 knees) who had revisions using the New Jersey low‐contact‐stress (LCS) mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasty between 1996 and 2000 were reviewed. Results: The average age at revision was 71 years (range, 38–86 years) and the average follow up was 6 years (range, 5–9 years). Of the 34 patients reviewed clinically, six had excellent results, and 20 had good results, to give a total of 76% excellent or good results. There were five (15%) fair results and three (9%) poor results. Seven patients required revision of the components. There was one case of instability within the first year of revision, which required only exchange of the polyethylene bearing to achieve a satisfactory clinical outcome. Of the 31 knees reviewed radiologically, progressive radiolucent lines were seen at the bone–cement interface in five (16%) of the femoral components and in two (6%) of the tibial components. Conclusion: Unconstrained LCS mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasty can be used in revision surgery with satisfactory results after medium‐term follow up (level of evidence: therapeutic level III).     

Total condylar knee arthroplasty. 16- to 21-year results.

This study presents long term results of arthroplasty with posterior cruciate retention using the Total Condylar Knee implant. From 1976 to 1982, 139 patients had 159 knee arthroplasties using Total Condylar Knee prostheses. Sixty-three patients (72 knees) were available for followup at a minimum of 16 years (range, 16-21 years). The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 61 years. There were 21 men and 42 women. Patients with 68 knees had osteoarthrosis, three had rheumatoid arthritis and one had posttraumatic arthritis. There were five delayed complications. One patient (one knee) underwent revision surgery and two patients (two knees) declined revision surgery because they were considered to be high surgical risks, as determined by their internists. The average preoperative score was 40.3 points and improved to 88.4 points at followup. Eighty-seven percent of the patients had a score equal to or more than 85 points at last evaluation. Prosthesis survivorship at 20 years was 98.6% for patients who had revision surgery. No femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening. Retention of the posterior cruciate in Total Condylar Knee prosthesis produces results comparable with the results of the original Total Condylar Knee prosthesis with cruciate sacrifice.     

An algorithm for the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty.

The fate of the posterior cruciate ligament in primary total knee arthroplasty is controversial. An algorithmic approach is presented that is based on pathologic criteria for evaluating and treating patients with primary total knee arthroplasty that will aid in the posterior cruciate ligament decision-making process, producing more predictable procedures and outcomes. A consecutive series of the first 120 patients (171 knees) who had primary posterior cruciate-retaining arthroplasty and the first 120 patients (180 knees) who had primary posterior-stabilized arthroplasty with a minimum 5-year followup in which the Maxim Complete Total Knee System and the algorithmic approach were used were compared. No statistically significant differences in outcome between the groups were observed. Among the patients who had posterior cruciate-retaining arthroplasty, no revisions attributable to aseptic loosening have been reported at an average followup of 6.39 years. The average followup Knee Society total score was 162.16 points, with 91 (54.8%) knees having excellent outcome ratings. No revisions attributable to aseptic loosening have been reported among the patients who had posterior-stabilized arthroplasty at an average followup of 5.98 years. The average followup Knee Society total score was 158.05 points, with excellent outcome ratings reported in 96 (54.9%) knees. The use of a standardized algorithm has streamlined the treatment of patients having primary total knee arthroplasty, consistently providing excellent clinical results when either retaining or sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament.