Effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody production and migration of B cells from the bone marrow and spleen in mice

The effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on the production of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen and on the migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen was studied in CBA mice. Stimulation of erythropoiesis was shown to increase the number of AFC in the spleen and migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen sharply 1 and 4 days after blood loss. Inhibition of erythropoiesis led to a very small increase in the number of AFC in the spleen 4 and 7 days after transfusion of syngeneic red cells and inhibited migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen. The possible mechanisms of the effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody formation are discussed.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 303–305, March, 1977.     

Heterogeneous hemoglobin system of anemic rats

The fractional composition of hemoglobin from the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow of intact and anemic rats was studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Anemia was produced by injecting phenylhydrazine hydrochloride into the animals. The basic principles of formation of the heterogenous hemoglobin system, depending on the source from which it was obtained and on the state of the animals, were established. The possible causes of the observed reorganization of the fractional composition of hemoglobin and its biological significance are discussed.Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1328–1330, November, 1976.     

Suppressive activity of bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer. Effect of prostaglandins, transforming growth factor-β, and nitric oxide

It is shown that nonadhesive bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer suppress phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and proliferation of Molt-4-human lymphoma cellsin vitro. Suppressive activity of bone marrow cells from cancer patients is not mediated through prostaglandin secretion, since indomethacin has no effect on it. Addition of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor-2₁, 2₂, and 2₃ partially reduces this suppressive effect. Suppressive effect of bone marrow cells from patients with stomach cancer is partially mediated through production of nitric oxide, since the inhibitor of its synthesis N⁹-monomethyl-L-arginine diminishes the inhibiting effect of bone marrow cells from cancer patients on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 217–220, February, 1998     

Rosette formation by human,guinea pig,and rat lymphocytes with spermatozoa

Cells forming rosettes with homologous or heterologous spermatozoa were found in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of sexually mature guinea pigs and of 14–30-week-old human fetuses, and also in the peripheral blood of men suffering from sterility. On the development of autoimmune orchitis after measured trauma to the testis in rats or after immunization of guinea pigs with testicular tissue homogenate mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant, cells forming rosettes with spermatozoa were found to appear in the spleen and thymus of the rats, and their number in the lymphoid organs of the guinea pigs increased. These procedures had no effect on the number of cells forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells in the lymphoid organs of rats and guinea pigs. The possible use of this newly discovered ability of human and animal lymphocytes to form spontaneous and immune rosettes with spermatozoa as a means of assessing the degree of differentiation of lymphocytes and of their sensitization to spermatozoal antigens in cases of disturbance of spermatogenesis of autoimmune nature is discussed.Laboratory of Human Embryonic Histogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 464–467, April 1977.     

Functional disturbances in hemopoietic microenvironment in various forms of myelodysplastic syndrome

We studied the ability of stromal sublayer of long-term bone marrow cultures and peripheral blood macrophages from patients with various forms of myelodysplastic syndrome to maintain the growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in mixed cultures. There were changes in the hemopoietic microenvironment in these patients: decreased cellularity of the bone marrow and impaired formation of sublayers in long-term bone marrow cultures, production of growth factors, maintaining the growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage precursors by stromal cells. Dysfunction of macrophages in the stromal microenvironment was probably related to the presence of pathological macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 255–258, September, 2000     

Functional disturbances in hemopoietic microenvironment in various forms of myelodysplastic syndrome

We studied the ability of stromal sublayer of long-term bone marrow cultures and peripheral blood macrophages from patients with various forms of myelodysplastic syndrome to maintain the growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in mixed cultures. There were changes in the hemopoietic microenvironment in these patients: decreased cellularity of the bone marrow and impaired formation of sublayers in long-term bone marrow cultures, production of growth factors, maintaining the growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage precursors by stromal cells. Dysfunction of macrophages in the stromal microenvironment was probably related to the presence of pathological macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 255–258, September, 2000     

Changed count of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the bone marrow of aggressive CBA mice

Enhanced immune response of aggressive CBA mice after 10 daily confrontations in sensory contact on day 4 after immunization with sheep red blood cells (5×10⁸) is paralleled by an increase in the count of CD4⁺ T-cells in the bone marrow. Aggressive behavior, weight of the spleen, and count of CD4⁺ T-helpers in the bone marrow (which is increased only in aggressors with a history of at least 3 victories) are correlated. The effect of aggressive behavior on immunity can be caused by changes of the neurochemical status of the brain and determined by an increase in the CD4⁺ T-helper count. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 11, pp. 544–546, November, 1997     

A study of the lymph-node type of graft versus host reaction in mice

A local form of the graph versus host reaction (GVHR) was induced in adult (CBA×C57BL)F₁ hybrid mice by subcutaneous injection of semiallogeneic spleen, thymus, or bone marrow cells from CBA mice into the right hind footpad. The criteria of activity of the GVHR were an increase in the number of blast forms in the region of popliteal lymph node and in its weight 7 days after transplantation of cells. After transplantation of 5×10⁶ and 20×10⁶ spleen cells the absolute weight of the regional lymph node was increased by 3–5 times and was significantly higher than in the control (injection of living syngeneic or fragmented semiallogeneic cells from the same source). By contrast with the control, in the experimental animals the effect clearly depended directly on the dose of transplanted cells. Enlargement of the lymph nodes was accompanied by the regular appearance of blast forms in them. Thymus and bone marrow cells had a much weaker action than spleen cells.Department of General Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Siberian Division, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 338–339, March, 1976.     

Importance of the time of bone marrow transplantation for manifestation of allogeneic inhibition of stem cells

The effect of duration of the interval (4–96 h) between irradiation of F₁ (CBA×C57BL/6) hybrids and transplatation of bone marrow from C57BL/6 mice on manifestation of allogeneic inhibition of the stem cells was studied. In this particular donor-recipient model the degree of allogeneic inhibition was 90%. Transplantation of bone marrow carried out 4–48 h after irradiation had no effect on the number of colonies in the spleen of the F₁ hybrids. Considerable abolition of allogeneic inhibition (33%) was observed if the parental cells were injected 96 h after irradiation. Remote transplantation had no effect on the number of colonies in the spleen of syngeneic recipients.Laboratory of Experimental Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 347–348, March, 1976.     

Effect of purine antagonists on the cAMP level in lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts

The effect of the purine receptor ligands N-ethylcarboxamide adenine and adenosine and of the purine antagonists mercaptopurine and azathioprine on the intracellular cAMP content in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts was studied. All preparations tested induced an increase in the cAMP level in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The selective immunosuppressive effect of adenosine antagonists may be due to their ability to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in lymphoid cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o . 3, pp. 294–296, March, 1995     

Suppressive and antitumor activities of bone marrow cells and splenocytes of AKR mice during aging

In 4-month-old leukemia-prone AKR mice, the ability of bone marrow cells to inhibit proliferation of concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes and mastocytoma P815 cellsin vitro was sharply increased in the preleukemic period. In 7-month-old mice, differences in natural suppressive activity of bone marrow cells were significant, but less pronounced than in 4-month-old mice. The immunosuppressive activity was not found in the spleen. In 4-month-old AKR mice, in the inhibition of proliferation of mitogen-stimulated splenocytes was increased due to enhanced NO production by bone marrow cells. These findings suggest that the increased antiproliferative activity observed in the bone marrow of AKR mice long before the appearance of clinical manifestations of leukemia is associated with disturbances in differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells and accumulation of natural suppressor cells in the bone marrow. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 452–454, April, 1999     

Effect of thymus-dependent antigen on recovery of hemo- and lymphopoiesis impaired by antineoplastic drugs

Single injection of antineoplastic drugs cyclophosphamide and cisplatin (Platidiam) in maximum permissible doses to CBA/CaLac mice impaired morphological composition of hemopoietic and lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen). Drug-induced changes persisted for 6 months. Cyclophosphamide caused more severe disturbances in the lymphoid stem in the bone marrow, thymus, and spleen and more strongly stimulated erythropoiesis in the spleen compared to cisplatin. Immunization of mice with thymus-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes) after injection of cytostatics accelerated regenerative processes in hemopoietic and lymphoid organs. However, cell disorganization 3 and 6 months after immunization did not differ from that caused by antineoplastic drugs and was even more pronounced in the thymus by the 6th month of observations. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 689–694, June, 2000     

Induced cell death and its role in hemopoietic hypoplasia after cytostatic treatment

The morphological signs of apoptosis in the bone-marrow cells and thymocytes, indices of cellularity in these organs and in peripheral blood and the absolute number of committed bone marrow cells-precursors have been studied on CBA mice injected with Etoposid (1/2 LD₅₀). The results of the study suggest that reduced cellular counts observed in the hemopoietic organs 3–6 h after the cytostatic injection are due to Etoposid-induced apoptosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 1, pp. 39–42, January 1999     

Effect of poly-4-vinylpyridine on the number of colony-forming cells in mouse bone marrow and spleen

Injection of poly-4-vinylpyridine in the maximal tolerated dose into mice doubles the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the bone marrow and reduces the number of nucleated cells by 22%. The increase in the CFU pool takes place from the second through the seventh day. The number of bone marrow cells starts to decrease 2 h after injection of the polymer and remains below the initial level for 5 days; after the second day, however, it starts to return gradually to normal, which it reaches by the seventh day. The number of CFU in the spleen increases ninefold, and this is accompanied by the development of marked splenomegaly on account of the increase in the number of cells.(Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 474–476, April, 1977.     

Properties and kinetics of the B lymphocyte population of rats during development

Cells carrying surface immunoglobulins (Ig⁺ cells) detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method, and cells forming rosettes with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC) with antibodies adsorbed on their surface and with complement (RFC), were found in the liver and spleen of rat fetuses at the 15th and 20th days of development. The relative percentage of Ig⁺ cells and RFC in the liver remained low and about the same level in rats on different days of postnatal development. In the spleen and bone marrow the number of Ig⁺ lymphocytes and RFC increased during the first month of the rat's life, to reach a maximum in animals aged 30 days, and fell sharply in old rats. No Ig⁺ cells or RFC were present in the thymus or they were found in very small numbers at certain times of investigation. Ig⁺ lymphocytes with caps of fluorescence on their surface appeared in the spleen and bone marrow on the fifth and 10th days of life of the rat and their number rose considerably by the age of 30 days and in adult rats. No such cells were present in the lymphoid organs of old (40 months) animals.Laboratory of Embryonic Histogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 491–494, October, 1977.     

Inhibitory effect of human blood granulocyte glycosaminoglycans on colony-forming activity of bone marrow fibroblasts

Inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycans isolated from peripheral blood granulocytes of patients with chronic myeloleukemia and normal subjects on increment in colony-forming units of fibroblasts in monolayer cultures of rat bone marrow is determined by the degree of sulfation of their main component chondroitin-4-sulfate and by increased content of heparan sulfate. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 319–322, March, 1998     

Distribution of colony-forming cells in the bone marrow and spleen of irradiated mice

Two hours after transplantation of 2×10⁵ bone marrow cells, 1.7–2.8% and 14–16% of colonyforming units (CFU) were retained respectively in the femoral bone marrow and spleen of the recipients. After 24 h, 1–2% and 21–26% of CFU respectively remained in these organs. If 2.5×10⁶–1.7×10⁷ bone marrow cells were transplanted, the fractionf in the bone marrow and spleen of the recipients (under saturation conditions) was unchanged during the 24-h period. The value for CFU settling in the spleen was 20–22%, whereas for CFU settling in the femoral marrow the value off was 2.4–2.7%. It is postulated that the same number of CFU settles in the whole volume of the bone marrow as in the whole spleen. The total number of CFU settling in the spleen and in the whole volume of the bone marrow averages 40–50%. The fate of the remaining CFU is unknown.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 827–829, July, 1976.     

Effects of prenatal hypoxia on the formation of immune deficiency in newborn mice

Fetal hypoxia in the II trimester of pregnancy caused immunodeficiency in newborn mice: inhibition of antibody production to sheep erythrocytes and disturbances in migration of early hemopoietic precursors from the bone marrow to the spleen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 664–666, June, 2000     

Influence of age and K, Mg aspartate (Cardilan) on murine haemopoiesis

We have studied the effect of age as well as the effect of short-term and long-term intake of K and Mg salts of aspartic acid (Cardilan) on haemopoiesis in ICR mice strain. The cellularity of the bone marrow does not change with aging, but the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) and also the number of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) in two-year-old mice increased in the bone marrow. In two-year-old mice the number of leukocytes decreased in the peripheral blood with aging, mainly as a result of a decrease in mononuclear cells. Short-term drinking (STD) of Cardilan caused increased numbers of CFU-S and BFU-E in bone marrow and increased numbers of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood of one-year old animals (STD/12 months old). In the oldest mice (STD/24) increased weight and cellularity of the spleen and rapid increase of leukocytes and reticulocytes in the peripheral blood was recorded. After long-term drinking (LTD) of Cardilan the number of spleen GM-CFC rose markedly in one-year-old mice (LTD/12) and in two-year-old mice (LTD/24) the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood rose. Our results indicate that K and Mg salts of aspartic acid influence erythropoietic activity most widely.     

On the erythron response to inflammation and its mechanisms

Using the mouse model of acute infectious peritonitis caused byEscherichia coli, it is shown that the development of inflammation is accompanied by increases in the number of erythrokaryocytes, erythroid colony-forming units, and erythroid hematopoietic islets in the bone marrow and by rises in the activities of supernatants of cultured stimulated adherent and nonadherent myelokaryocytes and of peripheral blood. The results of this study indicate that a characteristic, feature of acute inflammation is strong activation of erythropoiesis with the development of hyperplasia of the erythroid marrow. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 382–384, October, 1995