Lin28A过表达对胃癌细胞糖酵解的抑制作用及其机制

目的　探讨Lin28A基因对胃癌细胞糖酵解的作用及其分子机制。方法　利用慢病毒载体建立Lin28过表达胃癌BGC-823细胞株,以生物化学法检测细胞培养液乳酸含量,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测细胞内磷酸果糖（PFK）含量,蛋白质印迹法检测Lin28A、缺氧诱导因子1α（.HIF-1α）、葡萄糖转运蛋白1（GLUT-1）、丙酮酸激酶M2（PKM2）蛋白水平表达,反转录（RT）-PCR法检测let-7a RNA水平,膜联蛋白(Annexin)Ⅴ-别藻蓝蛋白（APC）单染法检测细胞凋亡。.结果　Lin28A蛋白在转染组的表达水平明显高于对照组和空载组（均P＜0.001）。转染组let-7a RNA表达水平（0.602±0.017）明显低于空载组（1.001±0.063）（P=0.005 2）。转染组HIF-1α、GLUT-1、PKM2蛋白的表达水平明显低于其他两组（均P＜0.001）。对照组、空载组、转染组细胞培养液乳酸含量分别为（1.71±0.13）、（1.53±0.11）、（1.24±0.04）mmol/L,转染组明显低于对照组和空载组（.P=0.017 0、0.031 0）;细胞内PFK含量分别为（3.71±0.13）、（3.49±0.14）、（1.79±0.05）mmol/L,转染组明显低于对照组和空载组（P=0.014 0、0.036 0）;凋亡率分别为5.02 %±0.14 %、7.16 %±0.21 %、10.39 %±0.37 %,转染组凋亡率明显高于对照组和空载组（P=0.000 5、0.000 7）。 结论　Lin28A过表达可以抑制let-7a表达,并通过抑制细胞的糖酵解促进人胃癌细胞凋亡。     

慢性应激致抑郁模型大鼠红细胞促淋巴细胞增殖的变化

目的 探讨慢性应激致抑郁模型大鼠各时程下红细胞促T、B淋巴细胞增殖的变化.方法 将30只大鼠随机分为慢性应激抑郁模型组和正常对照组,进行相关行为学指标检测,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测红细胞促淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化.结果 造模7 d后,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重增长减慢,大脑系数降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组大鼠水平及垂直运动得分、糖水消耗量、1%蔗糖偏爱百分比均降低,而纯水消耗量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组血浆中皮质酮浓度在给予慢性应激14 d达高峰[(349.89±13.01)ng/ml],应激21 d有下降的趋势,为(253.73±22.56)ng/ml,与同一时间点的对照组[分别为(218.50±16.85)、(209.83±9.64)ng/ml]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组大鼠与应激前相比,红细胞促T、B淋巴细胞增殖率降低,应激后第7、14、21天,红细胞促T淋巴细胞增殖率分别为1.40%±0.09%、1.21%±0.25%、0.96%±0.13%,红细胞促B淋巴细胞增殖率分别为1.22%±0.06%、1.08%±0.10%、0.81%±0.21%,与对照组(分别为1.70%±0.15%、1.54%±0.24%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 慢性应激可诱发大鼠较长时间的行为及活动习性的改变而导致抑郁,此过程中红细胞促淋巴细胞免疫功能受到影响.     

慢性应激致抑郁模型大鼠红细胞促淋巴细胞增殖的变化

目的 探讨慢性应激致抑郁模型大鼠各时程下红细胞促T、B淋巴细胞增殖的变化.方法 将30只大鼠随机分为慢性应激抑郁模型组和正常对照组,进行相关行为学指标检测,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测红细胞促淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化.结果 造模7 d后,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重增长减慢,大脑系数降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组大鼠水平及垂直运动得分、糖水消耗量、1%蔗糖偏爱百分比均降低,而纯水消耗量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组血浆中皮质酮浓度在给予慢性应激14 d达高峰[(349.89±13.01)ng/ml],应激21 d有下降的趋势,为(253.73±22.56)ng/ml,与同一时间点的对照组[分别为(218.50±16.85)、(209.83±9.64)ng/ml]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).模型组大鼠与应激前相比,红细胞促T、B淋巴细胞增殖率降低,应激后第7、14、21天,红细胞促T淋巴细胞增殖率分别为1.40%±0.09%、1.21%±0.25%、0.96%±0.13%,红细胞促B淋巴细胞增殖率分别为1.22%±0.06%、1.08%±0.10%、0.81%±0.21%,与对照组(分别为1.70%±0.15%、1.54%±0.24%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 慢性应激可诱发大鼠较长时间的行为及活动习性的改变而导致抑郁,此过程中红细胞促淋巴细胞免疫功能受到影响.     

慢性重型病毒性肝炎患者的营养状况分析及营养干预

目的比较分析慢性重型病毒性肝炎患者(慢重肝)与肝炎后肝硬化患者(肝硬化)入院时的膳食营养素摄入量和营养不良指标,以指导慢重肝的营养评价和营养支持,提高其存活率。方法称重记录60例慢重肝和60例肝硬化患者入院时的膳食营养素摄入量,同时测量和检测两组患者营养评价相关指标,经社会科学统计软件包(SPSS11.5)统计处理并比较。结果与中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI)比较,慢重肝组膳食营养素摄入不足的人数为55.93±2.67(93.20%±4.54%),其中摄入严重不足的人数为45.67±7.32(76.20%±12.18%);而肝硬化组分别为26.07±13.74(43.46%±22.76%)和5.13±10.54(8.60%±17.65%),两组比较P<0.01;慢重肝组三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)测量值显著低于肝硬化组,P<0.05;白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)和钙(Ca)的检测值显著高于肝硬化组,P<0.05;前白蛋白(PA)和运铁蛋白(TRANS)检测值显著低于肝硬化组,P<0.05。结论慢重肝患者的各种膳食营养素摄入量严重不足,能量-蛋白质营养不良问题比肝硬化患者更为严重,营养干预需要将膳食与肠内和肠外营养相结合,早期、全面地补充各种营养素。     

早期胃癌细胞凋亡及增殖细胞的表达

目的探讨早期胃癌中细胞凋亡、增殖在胃癌发生及形态形成中所起的作用。方法应用较敏感且特异性较强的TdT酶介导的生物素化dUTP缺口末端标记(Tunel)技术及免疫组织化学染色SP法分析研究了51例早期胃癌细胞凋亡增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达。结果(1)凋亡细胞在癌旁组织较为多见,为5.6%～29.3%,凋亡指数AI=13.19±6.68,而在早期胃癌中,凋亡细胞明显减少,为1.5%～16.0%,凋亡指数下降,AI=7.45±3.25,P<0.005,PCNA增殖指数在癌旁组织(PI=29.86±15.33)明显低于早期胃癌(PI=61.64±15.64);(2)肠型胃癌的凋亡指数(AI=7.86±3.47)明显高于弥漫型胃癌(AI=4.63±1.94),而PCNA增殖指数则相反,结果分别为59.03±10.66,68.20±14.49,P<0.05;(3)隆起型胃癌的凋亡指数(AI=9.60±3.51)明显高于凹陷型胃癌(AI=4.95±1.91),P<0.005,PCNA增殖指数则隆起型胃癌明显低于凹陷型胃癌,P<0.005。结论胃癌的发生与癌细胞过度生长及凋亡受抑有关;肠型胃癌较弥漫型胃癌净细胞增加少,所以肠型胃癌生长缓慢;早期胃癌的形态形成可能与肿瘤的增殖活动、细胞凋亡有关。     

慢性苯中毒患者骨髓细胞凋亡和增殖细胞核抗原的研究

目的探讨慢性苯中毒患者出现血象异常的机制.方法采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的脱氧三磷酸尿嘧啶末端标记法(TUNEL法)和免疫组化法分别对慢性苯中毒患者的骨髓标本进行凋亡细胞和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的检测,并分别与正常对照组比较,同时将慢性苯中毒患者的骨髓细胞凋亡指数(AI)和增殖细胞核抗原指数(PI)作直线相关分析,将AI值和PI值分别与所测血象中的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血红蛋白量、血小板计数作直线相关分析.结果慢性苯中毒患者的骨髓细胞AI值为24.7%±12.0%,高于正常对照组(7.3%±3 5%),差异有显著性(P＜0.05);慢性苯中毒组PI值为10.7%±7.8%,明显低于正常对照组(31.8%±117%),差异有显著性(P＜0.01);慢性苯中毒组的AI值与PI值之间没有直线相关性(r=0.36,P＞0.05),这两者与血象中各项指标无直线相关性(P＞0.05).结论人类慢性苯中毒的发病过程可出现骨髓细胞凋亡及增殖失衡,与造血功能障碍有关.     

老年神经疾病住院患者营养状态的前瞻性调查

目的　调查老年神经疾病住院患者的营养状态,评估不同营养状态患者的临床结局。方法　对2012年4月1日至5月31日在北京医院神经内科和老年科住院年龄≥65岁的老年神经疾病患者,试用微型营养评定精法（MNA-SF）等方法,进行前瞻性调查研究,了解其营养状态,总结临床结局指标,并描述不同营养状态患者的临床结局。结果　本研究纳入老年神经系统疾病患者1 480例,年龄（74.86±5.77）岁,体质量指数（BMI）（23.39±3.01）kg/m2;利手握力（16.92±13.44）kg;上臂围（25.86±2.99）cm,小腿围（32.19±3.02）cm;其中握力随年龄增长有所下降;1 405例患者完成了MNA-SF,顺应性94.9%;其中13.88%存在营养不良,37.51%有营养不良危险;随年龄增长,营养不良和营养不良危险发生率均增加,其中营养不良者的死亡率高、住院时间长和总住院费用多。结论　老年神经疾病的住院患者营养不良发生率较高,并且可能使临床结局恶化,应重视住院期间的营养状况评价和干预。     

硒对氟致人肝细胞脂质过氧化、DNA损伤及凋亡的影响

[目的 ]研究硒对氟致离体培养人肝细胞脂质过氧化、DNA损伤及诱导凋亡的作用。 [方法 ]体外培养的正常人肝细胞分别接触 80 μg/ml氟化钠和 /或 1.73 μg/ml亚硒酸钠 12h后 ,检测细胞脂质过氧化物 (LPO)水平、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量、细胞DNA损伤率、凋亡率和细胞周期构成比的情况。 [结果 ]氟组肝细胞LPO( 2 .88± 0 .5 9)nmolMDA/mg·prot、DNA损伤率 5 9.0 %、凋亡率 15 .5 6%± 2 .0 6%和S期细胞数 4.82 %± 0 .45 % ,均明显高于对照组 ,而GSH含量 ( 4 .2 3± 0 .78) μg/mg .prot则明显低于对照组 ;硒通过增加细胞GSH含量 ,降低LPO水平、DNA损伤率、凋亡率和S期细胞数而拮抗氟产生的毒性作用。 [结论 ]一定剂量的硒可拮抗氟所诱导的脂质过氧化、DNA损伤与细胞凋亡。     

葡多酚对外周血淋巴细胞辐射损伤的保护作用

目的研究葡多酚(GPC)对人外周血淋巴细胞辐射损伤的保护作用。方法取14名健康女性的外周血,用直线加速器X射线一次性照射。设高、低剂量GPC组、阳性对照和阴性对照组,分别在培养24、48、72h后检测淋巴细胞凋亡率、增殖活性和淋巴细胞转化率等指标。结果照射后48h,阳性对照组的淋巴细胞凋亡率和增殖活性分别为(45.19±4.80)%和0.66±0.03;高剂量GPC组则为(36.26±6.77)%和0.86±0.05,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论GPC可降低X射线对淋巴细胞损伤的程度,对淋巴细胞辐射损伤有良好防护作用。     

新辅助化疗联合肠外营养对胃癌细胞增殖活性的影响

目的评估新辅助化疗联合肠外营养对胃癌细胞增殖活性的影响方法将84例胃癌患者随机分为对照组(n=19)、化疗组(n=17)、肠外营养组(n=22)和肠外营养+化疗组(n=26),分别检测治疗干预前后胃癌细胞的凋亡率和细胞周期的G0/G1期、S期、G2+M期和S+G2+M期。结果治疗前肠外营养组胃癌细胞的凋亡率为(17.15±4.01)%,明显高于治疗后的(13.47±1.99)%(P<0.01);治疗前化疗组的细胞凋亡率为(15.69±4.34)%,明显低于治疗后的(23.44±2.08)%(P<0.01);治疗前肠外营养+化疗组的细胞凋亡率为(17.51±3.77)%,也明显低于治疗后的(30.71±2.37)%(P<0.01)。细胞周期分析结果显示,化疗组S+G2+M期较化疗前明显降低(P<0.05);肠外营养组G0/G1期较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),S期、G2+M期和S+G2+M期则较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);肠外营养+化疗组的G0/G1期、S期、G2+M期和S+G2+M期均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。结论肠外营养可以提高化疗药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果,肠外营养与新辅助化疗联合应用效果更佳。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.