微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的临床分析

目的 探讨使用YL-1型碎吸针在微创颅内血肿清除术中按颅内血肿的不同性状提出个体化操作方法,以弥补YL-1型粉碎针的缺陷。方法 对同期入院的脑出血、具有微创颅内血肿清除术适应证而又同意此疗法的病人,随机分为术式改进组(试验组)与对照组,3个月后对两组治疗效果进行评价。结果 试验组疗效优于对照组,P<0.05。结论 微创颅内血肿清除术个体化方案,优于程序化操作。     

微创治疗重型小脑出血10例报告

近年来，随着YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针(YL-1型针)及其颅内血肿微创清除技术在临床的推广应用，使幕上颅内血肿的治疗取得了显著进步。但利用上述器具和方法对小脑血肿进行手术治疗的报道较少。本文将我院自1999年～2003年应用YL-1型颅穿针微创治疗重型小脑出血10例的具体情况报道如下。     

微创治疗高血压脑出血106例临床观察

目的观察颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法应用YL-1型颅内血肿微创穿刺粉碎针配合血肿粉碎器、血肿液化剂对经CT定位的颅内血肿进行清除治疗,并观察疗效。结果微创治疗高血压性脑出血的病死率、致残率均低于内科保守治疗,也优于外科手术治疗。结论颅内血肿微创穿刺粉碎清除术安全简便,费用低廉,方便易行,疗效显著。     

双针治疗重症颅内大血肿23例分析

我院神经外科和神经内科从2002年7月开始应用北京万特福科技有限公司生产的YL-1型颅内血肿微创穿刺粉碎清除针治疗各种类型的颅内血肿174例。因高血压性脑出血行微创穿刺粉碎清除术161例．占92％；对其中的出血量大的重症患者23例进行了双针治疗。效果满意现报告如下。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血临床分析

目的 探讨微创颅内血肿清除术对脑出血的治疗效果.方法 对照组接受常规的神经内科治疗.治疗组除接受神经内科常规治疗外,使用YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎针行微创血肿清除术.比较2组的CSS和BI.结果 治疗后,治疗组CSS明显低于对照组,BI明显高于对照组.结论 微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血具有较好效果.     

微创颅内血肿清除术后68例护理体会

微创颅内血肿清除术是应用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针，对颅内血肿进行冲洗、液化、引流，达到清除颅内血肿、减少脑组织不可逆损伤范围的目的，做好其术后护理是提高微创术成功的可靠保证，2001-10～2004-02我科收治颅内血肿68例，治疗、护理效果较好，现总结如下。     

高血压脑出血微创颅内血肿清除术后并发症分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血微创颅内血肿清除术后并发症产生及防治措施。方法所选48例病例均采用北京万特福公司生产的YL-1型一次性颅内血肿粉碎针及日产TOSHIBA充电式手枪电钻依据脑CT选择目标最大层面的中心行微创颅内血肿清除术,观察术后1个月内所发生的并发症。结果肺部感染15例(31%),水电解质紊乱12例(25%),颅内积气6例(12%),消化道出血5例(10%),再次出血4例(8%),低颅压4例(8%),脑脊液漏3例(6%),颅内感染2例(4%)。结论有效防治术后并发症可提高微创颅内血肿清除术的疗效,降低患者病死率及致残率。     

微创穿刺术与开颅血肿清除术治疗脑出血的疗效比较

我院自2000年以来,采用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针,微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血62例,对比同期开颅血肿清除术,治疗脑出血64例,效果良好,现报告如下.     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血76例临床分析

目的探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法将76例高血压脑出血患者采用贾氏方法用YL-1型颅内血肿穿刺针行微创抽吸引流术,治疗3周,观察疗效。结果有效率90.78%,总病死率6.57%。结论微创颅内血肿清除术操作简单,安全有效。     

脑微创引流针引流在颅内血肿合并脑疝中的运用

目的分析脑微创引流针引流在抢救颅内血肿合并脑疝中的运用价值。方法回顾36例颅内血肿合并脑疝患者使用脑微创引流针引流治疗的资料,我们使用YL-1型穿刺针(北京万特福公司生产)于常规开颅前在急诊室行血肿穿刺引流。结果本组27例通过脑微创引流针引流或加用尿激酶灌注达到去除颅内血肿的目的,引流后患者的症状均很快得到改善,其他9例后行开颅血肿清除减压术。结论脑微创引流针引流在颅内血肿合并脑疝急诊处理中有重要意义。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。