老年重症肺炎患者血浆D-二聚体分析

目的:探讨老年重症肺炎患者血清D-二聚体水平的变化所表达的血液高凝状态.方法:2008年9月～2009年9月收治老年重症肺炎患者48例与本院体检中心同期老年健康体检者51例血浆D-二聚体水平检测比较.结果:老年重症肺炎患者血清D-二聚体水平为1.16±0.09mg/L,老年健康体检组为0.15±0.08mg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论:老年重症肺炎患者存在血液高凝状态,对此类患者早期预防性使用抗凝剂及溶栓剂是非常必要的.     

脑梗死患者C反应蛋白和D-二聚体检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和D-二聚体与脑梗死的关系.方法2011年4月~2012年4月收治的134例首次脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)及120例健康体检者(对照组),采用免疫比浊法测定梗死患者治疗前后及健康体检者血清CRP和D-二聚体水平.结果脑梗死组治疗前CRP、D-二聚体分别为(12.10±3.45)mg/L、(1.64±0.47)mg/L;治疗后分别为(2.18±0.67)mg/L、(0.44±0.31)mg/L.对照组CRP、D-二聚体分别为(1.46±0.46)mg/L、(0.32±0.23)mg/L.脑梗死组治疗前血清CRP和D-二聚体水平均明显高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);脑梗死组治疗后血清CRP和D-二聚体水平均显著低于治疗前,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);脑梗死组治疗后血清CRP和D-二聚体水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论监测血清C反应蛋白和D-二聚体水平对脑梗死患者的诊断,病情及疗效判断有重要的临床实用价值.     

血清可溶性髓细胞表达触发受体-1对社区获得性肺炎的诊断意义

目的评价血清可溶性髓细胞表达触发受体-1(sTREM-1)对社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的诊断意义。方法选择CAP患者60例为肺炎组,24例健康成人为对照组。根据美国感染病学会/美国胸科协会重症CAP标准、CURB-65评分、PSI评分对病情严重程度评估。入院24 h内抽取肘静脉血,检测血清sTREM-1、CRP、Fbg及D-二聚体含量。结果肺炎组患者血清sTREM-1、CRP、Fbg及D-二聚体水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。重度肺炎组血清sTREM-1水平为(120.21±39.24)ng/L,轻中度肺炎组血清sTREM-1水平为(54.48±9.87)ng/L。重度肺炎组血清Fbg、sTREM-1水平与轻中度肺炎组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),两组血清CRP、D-二聚体水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。中高危肺炎组血清sTREM-1水平为(126.06±21.23)ng/L,低危肺炎组为(39.45±8.08)ng/L。中高危肺炎组血清Fbg、sTREM-1水平高于低危肺炎组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),两组血清CRP、D-二聚体水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。在重症肺炎组血清sTREM-1水平为(122.34±24.14)ng/L,高于非重症肺炎组(44.74±9.22)ng/L。重症肺炎组血清Fbg、D-二聚体水平高于非重症肺炎组(P<0.05),两组血清CRP水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。应用ROC曲线研究各生物指标诊断价值,结果显示sTREM-1的诊断效能最强(AUC为0.847),其次为CRP(AUC为0.753)、Fbg(AUC为0.675)及D-二聚体(AUC为0.668)。当血清sTREM-1水平>15.79 ng/L时,诊断肺炎的敏感度为63.30%,特异度为83.30%,准确率为71.40%。结论血清sTREM-1水平在CAP患者中明显升高,对CAP的诊断提供重要参考,其水平高低能够反映CAP的严重程度及预后情况。     

D-二聚体检测在小儿肺部感染性疾病诊断中的价值

目的 分析小儿肺部感染性疾病中D-二聚体检测的诊断价值。方法 选取2017年6月至2018年6月在汉中市中心医院治疗的80例肺部感染疾病患儿为观察组,另取同期于本院体检的健康儿童80例为对照组,均接受血清D-二聚体检测,比较两组D-二聚体水平及不同肺部感染疾病的D-二聚体水平。结果 观察组血清D-二聚体含量为(1.64±0.26)mg/L比对照组(0.15±0.04)mg/L高(P＜0.05);观察组上呼吸道感染组的血清D-二聚体含量(1.45±0.16)mg/L比支气管肺炎组、支气管炎组均低(P＜0.05),而支气管肺炎组的血清D-二聚体含量(1.82±0.38)mg/L比支气管炎组(1.65±0.24)mg/L高(P＜0.05)。结论 血清D-二聚体水平检测能帮助小儿诊断肺部感染疾病,并用于区分不同种类肺部感染疾病。     

急性脑梗死患者血清抗心磷脂抗体、D-二聚体水平及临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑梗死（acute cerebral infarction,ACI）血清抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）和D-二聚体水平及临床意义.方法：50例健康体检者为对照组,120例ACI患者为ACI组;ACI组根据ACA阳性与否分为ACA阳性组和ACA阴性组;ACI组再根据脑梗死是否复发分为初发组和复发组.测定各组血清中ACA、D-二聚体含量.结果：ACI组ACA阳性率为46.7％,高于对照组12.0％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;ACI组D-二聚体水平（0.92±0.38） mg/L,高于对照组（0.38±0.21） mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.ACI组中ACA阳性组D-二聚体水平（1.35±0.31） mg/L,高于ACA阴性组（0.56±0.22）mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;ACI复发组ACA阳性率为45.7％,高于初发组25.7％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论：血清ACA可能是脑梗死发生及复发的重要危险因素.     

小儿脓毒症血清sE-选择素、D-二聚体检测的临床意义

目的探讨s E-选择素、D-二聚体水平在小儿脓毒症中的价值。方法选取2014年1月到2015年4月保定市儿童医院接诊的60例脓毒症患儿,根据中华医学会儿科学会急救组制订的小儿危重病例评分标准将患儿分为严重脓毒症组(30例)和脓毒症组(30例),选择同期来医院就诊的30例普通感染患儿作为普通感染组(30例)。比较三组患者治疗前后s E-选择素和D-二聚体水平以及D-二聚体的阳性率。结果治疗前,严重脓毒症组s E-选择素和D-二聚体水平均高于脓毒症组和普通感染组[(45.17±14.25)mg/L比(15.70±3.08)mg/L、(6.10±1.02)mg/L,(3.74±1.03)mg/L比(1.65±0.37)mg/L、(0.20±0.05)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,三组患者s E-选择素和D-二聚体的水平均较治疗前降低[(5.39±1.29)mg/L、(5.37±1.23)mg/L、(5.34±1.13)mg/L,(0.18±0.05)mg/L、(0.16±0.04)mg/L、(0.17±0.04)mg/L],但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前,严重脓毒症组、脓毒症组以及普通感染组患儿D-二聚体的阳性率分别为93.33%(28/30)、76.67%(23/30)和26.67%(8/30),严重脓毒症组患儿的阳性率显著高于脓毒症组和普通感染组,而脓毒症组患者高于普通感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脓毒症患儿体内s E-选择素和D-二聚体水平可在一定程度上反映病情变化,特别是D-二聚体可在一定程度上反映病情的严重程度。     

血浆D-二聚体在急性胰腺炎诊治中的作用

目的 探讨D-二聚体在重症急性胰腺炎时的变化及意义.方法 选择126例急性胰腺炎患者,包括66例重症患者及60例轻症患者,选取160例健康体检者作为对照组,测定血浆D-二聚体.记录患者入院后第1天各项实验室指标、48小时Ranson和24小时APACHE Ⅱ评分,分析D-二聚体含量与实验室指标、评分间的关系.结果 D-二聚体含量对照组为(0.41±0.02) mg/L,轻症组为(0.74+0.14) mg/L,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05),重症组为(2.69+0.63) mg/L,与对照组及轻症组比较差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).患者血浆D-二聚体水平与Ranson评分、APACHE Ⅱ评分均呈显著正相关(P＜0.01).结论 急性胰腺炎患者血浆D-二聚体升高,D-二.聚体含量和胰腺炎病情严重程度明显相关.     

老年肺炎D-二聚体与C-反应蛋白的临床意义

目的 探讨老年肺炎D-二聚体与C-反应蛋白(CRP)的临床意义.方法 收集老年肺炎患者107例,探讨D-二聚体及CRP与老年肺炎患者预后的相关性.结果 107例老年肺炎患者中治疗有效组91例,治疗无效组16例.两组间在年龄、性别、首发症状、是否伴发其他合并症等方面差异无统计学意义.与治疗无效组相比,治疗有效组治疗前D-二聚体水平明显减低(中位数分别为3 025.50 ng/mL和726.00 ng/mL), P<0.05,而两组治疗前C-反应蛋白的差异无统计学意义(中位数分别为23.60 mg/L和18.35 mg/L),P>0.05].多因素分析提示D-二聚体是老年肺炎患者预后的独立危险因素(优势比OR=0.840 9;95%CI:0.727 4～0.972 2).结论 D-二聚体是老年肺炎患者预后的独立危险因素,与CRP相比,D-二聚体作为老年肺炎预后的判定指标更为可靠.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆D-二聚体水平研究

目的：探讨D-二聚体与2型糖尿病病情的关系。方法采用Nycocard-Reader分析仪定量测定70例2型糖尿病血浆D-二聚体水平,其中并发有血管病变39例为合并微血管病变组,无血管病变31例为无血管并发症组;选择体检健康者30名作为对照组,比较组间差异。结果2型糖尿病组D-二聚体水平(0.34±0.11)mg/L显著高于对照组(0.26±0.07)mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,有血管病变组患者组D-二聚体水平(0.38±0.15) mg/L显著高于无血管病变组(0.31±0.09)mg/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 D-二聚体可作为监测2型糖尿病病情发展的一项指标。     

老年男性进展性卒中与D-二聚体的关系

目的:研究分析D-二聚体含量水平与老年男性进展性卒中的相互关系。方法:通过选取我院2013年9月至2014年9月收治的进展性脑卒中老年男性患者48例作为实验组,并选取同一时期的正常体检者48例(对照组),分别检测两组D-二聚体水平含量进行比较,并检测实验组治疗前后的两组D-二聚体水平含量变化。结果:实验组的老年进展性脑卒中组患者D-二聚体水平在1.6±1.37 mg/L,明显高于对照组健康者的D-二聚体含量水平,而且D-二聚体检测值显示为阳性的有41例所占比例为85.4%,对照组测定呈阳性的有7例(14.58%),两组患者在D-二聚体阳性率相互比较,差异显著(P0.05)。实验组经过30 d治疗后,D-二聚体含量水平明显下降,D-二聚体阳性率也降低了62.48%,治疗前后患者的D-二聚体含量水平及其阳性率相比,显著性差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在老年男性进展性脑卒中的预测过程中,D-二聚体可以作为分子标志物,对患者体内血栓早期形成具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.