全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术（附16例临床分析）

目的:分析全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术的临床疗效。方法:对本院2002年5月至2005年12月间实施的16例全胃切除手术后行缺8字吻合重建消化道的病例作回顾性总结。结果:本组经腹行全胃切除术16例,全部采用缺8字吻合重建消化道,手术后均恢复良好,无手术死亡,肺部并发症1例,无吻合口瘘及返流性食管炎发生。结论:缺8字吻合操作方便,代胃的空间大,也有利于防止返流性食管炎,不失为一种较为理想的全胃切除术后消化道重建术式。     

全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术(附16例临床分析)

目的:分析全胃切除缺8字空肠袢代胃术的临床疗效.方法:对本院2002年5月至2005年12月间实施的16例全胃切除手术后行缺8字吻合重建消化道的病例作回顾性总结.结果:本组经腹行全胃切除术16例,全部采用缺8字吻合重建消化道,手术后均恢复良好,无手术死亡,肺部并发症1例,无吻合口瘘及返流性食管炎发生.结论:缺8字吻合操作方便,代胃的空间大,也有利于防止返流性食管炎,不失为一种较为理想的全胃切除术后消化道重建术式.     

间置空肠P袢在全胃切除术中的应用

目的探讨全胃切除术中间置空肠P袢消化道重建的效果。方法对30例符合全胃切除术条件的患者施行全胃切除、间置空肠P袢消化道重建。观察术后症状、术前术后体重、进食量、血浆营养参数（血浆总蛋白、血红蛋白）、全血细胞计数、预后营养指数（PNI）以及钡餐造影。结果本组无手术死亡，无腹腔感染及吻合口瘘。术后进食量、体重恢复快，血浆营养参数和PNI较高，钡餐检查P型空肠袢充盈良好，未见明显反流。结论全胃切除间置空肠P袢符合解剖生理规律，并发症少，代胃效果理想。     

全胃切除功能性间置空肠代胃术72例临床分析

目的：探讨功能性间置空肠代胃消化道重建在全胃切除术后的应用价值.方法：回顾性分析2006年1月-2011年12月施行全胃切除功能性间置空肠代胃术72例患者的临床资料.结果：全组无手术死亡和吻合口瘘发生.随访12个月至24个月,部分病例出现轻度反流性食管炎,代胃容量300ml以上,排空时间30-100min.术后生活质量有所提高.结论：功能性间置空肠代胃术是一种安全可靠、效果满意的消化道重建手术方式.     

胃切除后食管癌手术方法选择

 目的　探讨胃大部切除或全胃切除后再患食管癌手术治疗术式。方法　回顾分析 1990年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月收治胃切除术后再患食管癌 2 9例资料。食管癌切除后的消化道重建方式 :残胃代食管术 2 0例、空肠代食管术 3例、结肠代食管术 6例。结果　 2 9例除 1例颈部食管结肠吻合口瘘、1例胸部食管残胃吻合口瘘、1例吻合口狭窄、3例肺部感染、其余均Ⅰ期愈合。结论　胃大部切除术后食管中下段癌采用残胃代食管术 ,食管中上段癌行结肠代食管术更为合理     

新型连续性功能性间置空肠代胃术的临床应用研究

为了探讨胃恶性肿瘤全胃切除后较理想的消化道重建方式,对18例胃恶性肿瘤全胃切除的患者应用自行设计的新型功能性问置空肠代胃术,代胃容积300～400 mL,代胃半排空时间50～90 min,平均排空时间2.2 h.结果:18例患者均恢复良好,无吻合口狭窄及吻舍口瘘发生,无返流性食管炎及倾倒综合征.进食量、体质量和体力恢复迅速,术后随访>1年者17例,其中13例体质量较术前增加4～8 kg,血红蛋白、血浆蛋白夏总蛋白均恢复正常.全胃切除后行新型功能性间置空肠代胃术符合生理通道,简便安全,有利于食物的消化吸收.明显改善患者的生活质量.是一种理想的消化道重建术式.中华肿瘤防治杂志,2009,16(5):386-387     

胃癌切除食管-空肠贮袋双道吻合术用于消化道重建

目的：探讨胃癌全胃切除术后消化道重建的理想术式。方法：在全胃切除后，制作一个“S”或“W”形空肠贮袋，与食管做双道吻合.结果：21例患无并发症发生，经钡透检查均有钡剂通过十二指肠，钡剂进入量为20％～80％，且存钡时间最长超过120分钟，分别于术后1月和3月复查，血红蛋白、总蛋白、体重、进食量均达到或超过术前水平。结论：该术式使重建消化道的食物储存容量增加，排空时间延长，且降低了吻合口瘘、狭窄、倾倒综合征和返流性食管炎的发生率；更多的食物通过十二指肠的正常生理途径，使进食与消化液分泌得以同步进行．同时，手术操作较代胃手术简便、安全，是全胃切除术后值得选择的一种消化道重建术式.     

全胃切除术后消化道重建方式的临床研究

目的探讨全胃切除术后更符合生理的消化道重建方式。方法对1985年1月-2002年12月间经病理证实行全胃切除术胃癌病例682例进行回顾性分析。682例中，功能性间置空肠代胃术(FJI)163例；袢式吻合47例，改良袢式吻合Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型340例，‘P’型Roux—en—y空肠代胃术87例、‘P’型空肠间置代胃术45例。比较其术后并发症、体重变化。结果功能性间置空肠代胃术在Roux—en—y综合征发生率、预后营养指数、进食量、体重减轻各个方面分别优于或等于袢式吻合、改良袢式吻合I型和Ⅱ型、‘P’型Roux—en—y空肠代胃术和‘P’型空肠间置代胃术。结论功能性间置空肠代胃术保持了重建消化道神经一肌肉功能的连续性，恢复食物经过十二指肠通道，对于减少全胃术后并发症、提高生存质量有重要的临床意义，是全胃切除术后一种合理的消化道重建方式。     

改良袢型与P袢型空肠代胃在全胃切除术后消化道重建中的对照研究

目的比较改良袢型与P袢型空肠代胃在全胃切除术消化道重建中的临床疗效。方法2005年2月至2010年11月进行了全胃切除术的胃癌和贲门癌患者88例,其中47例采用改良袢型消化道重建,41例采用P袢型空肠代胃吻合进行消化道重建,比较两种重建术后并发症,患者营养状况及生活质量。结果改良袢型组与P袢型空肠代胃组患者相比,消化道重建的手术时间、术后并发症发生率及病死率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);患者倾倒综合征和反流性食管炎的发生率更低;总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白及营养评定指数均高于P袢型空肠代胃组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论改良袢型消化道重建术式能更有效减少并发症的发生,改善患者的营养状况,提高术后生活质量。     

胃癌全胃切除90例临床分析

 目的 分析和总结胃癌全胃切除术和术后并发症的治疗经验。方法　对90例胃癌全胃切除患者合并联合脏器切除的适应证、手术入路、淋巴结的清扫、消化道重建方式、术后并发症进行回顾性总结分析。结果　全胃切除术90例并联合脏器切除术16例，Orr食管空肠吻合术26例，食管空肠Roux-Y吻合术26例，食管P环空肠代胃Roux-Y吻合术32例。90例均经腹入路。术后并发症：肺部感染3例，胸腔积液8例，反流性食管炎12例，吻合口瘘2例，倾倒综合征8例。结论　合理掌握全胃切除术及联合脏器切除术的适应证，选择适合的重建方式，规范淋巴结清扫，是减少并发症、提高预后的关键。     

Renaming "chemobrain"

A subset of breast cancer survivors are reporting cognitive impairment after cancer treatment, which has commonly been attributed to the receipt of chemotherapy and colloquially termed “chemobrain.” For some, a fear of this side effect enters into their decision regarding therapy. Our review of the literature reveals that so-called “chemobrain” is complex and that factors other than chemotherapy may affect cognitive function, including the impact of surgery and anesthesia, hormonal therapy, menopause, anxiety, depression, fatigue, supportive care medications, genetic predisposition, comorbid medical conditions, or possibly paraneoplastic phenomenon. Studies to date have differed in their assessment and definition of cognitive impairment, thus, making comparisons between studies difficult. In addition, most studies have been limited by a small sample size, and there has been a general lack of focus on older patients despite their high concentration within the cancer population. Large, multicenter studies are needed to better understand the magnitude and mechanism of cognitive changes in cancer survivors and to assess the impact of cognitive changes on the patient's daily lives. We propose that the phenomenon commonly referred to as “chemobrain” would be more accurately labeled “cancer- or cancer-therapy-associated cognitive change.”     

"新生食管"再生过程的组织学观察

背景与目的:在器官及组织重建过程中,由于植入材料的组织相容性及材料界面不同可诱发不同的愈合结果。本研究通过观察新型生物材料人工食管植入后诱导机体修复、再生“新生食管”的生理过程,从而探讨“新生食管”的愈合机制。方法:以病理大切片技术及特殊染色法对术后1、3、6、12、24个月的实验犬“新生食管”标本进行组织学研究,观察其组织结构的动态变化、食管重塑及其组织结构再生的过程。结果:人工食管植入后早期可替代食管缺损,术后1个月左右人工食管完全脱落;诱导的“新生食管”于术后3～6个月完成粘膜爬覆,12个月左右出现粘膜下肌层、神经纤维、粘液腺、毛细血管等结构的再生,并完成纤维结缔组织层的重塑;“新生食管”术后3～6个月新生管腔狭窄较明显,12个月后狭窄缓解。结论:新型生物材料人工食管通过早期替代并诱导纤维结缔组织沉积、裹覆而形成“新生食管”;“新生食管”经过1年左右粘膜上皮爬覆、肉芽组织增生、血管、组织结构形成等过程而再生出可完成食物正常通过的再生食管;“新生食管”的狭窄与疤痕过度增生及收缩有关。     

Cytopathology of "double-hit" non-Hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND:

B‐cell lymphomas with concurrent IGH‐BCL2 and c‐MYC rearrangements (so‐called “double‐hit lymphomas” [DHL]) are a relatively rare, recently described category in the 2008 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Response to chemotherapy and survival are poor.

METHODS:

The authors reviewed files of cytogenetically documented DHL to identify cytologic features that would allow its possible recognition.

RESULTS:

Twelve fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs), 2 pleural fluids, and 1 touch imprint of cytogenetically proven DHL were uncovered. Primary DHL was correctly recognized in 3 of 12 FNA cases using Ki‐67 staining coupled with a positive bcl‐2 result as the basis for performing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of c‐MYC and IGH‐BCL2 rearrangements. Remaining FNAs and non‐FNA cases were diagnosed as non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, B‐cell lymphoma, or atypical lymphocytosis. Ten cases had cell block material available. All cases had high cellularity with a dissociated smear pattern and background lymphoglandular bodies. Cell size ranged from intermediate to large. Nuclei were predominantly rounded or slightly irregular in contour; 4 FNAs had markedly cleaved nuclei. Some nuclei harbored discrete but small nucleoli, whereas in others coarse chromatin and indistinct or multiple small nucleoli existed. A variable number of mitotic figures, tingible body macrophages, and background apoptotic cells were also present.

CONCLUSIONS:

No specific cytomorphologic feature(s) were found to reliably identify DHL using FNA or exfoliative cytology. A high Ki‐67 proliferation index and positive bcl‐2 staining (on cytospin slides or cell block material) of cases not conforming to typical Burkitt lymphoma morphology should prompt FISH analysis for c‐MYC and/or IGH‐BCL2 rearrangements to identify DHL, particularly if tissue biopsy is not expected. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society     

Patient "grounding"

Dispersive electrodes are often neglected or misused in electrosurgery. A dispersive electrode can increase electrosurgical safety and effectiveness. If misused, however, it can become the source of patient injury. The following article summarizes the proper use of dispersive electrodes and differentiates them from actual grounding.