手用ProTaper镍钛锉临床折断原因的初步分析

目的通过记录手用ProTaper镍钛锉临床折断前使用次数,观察其断口形貌的改变,分析折断原因。方法收集临床中记录的废弃手用ProTaper镍钛锉21套(S1-F2)共105支和一套未经使用的手用ProTaper镍钛锉对比,通过肉眼和扫描电镜对其外观和断口形貌进行观察,比较不同使用次数器械受损情况。结果所有根管锉的切割刃肉眼观察无缺陷。SEM观测根管锉的侧面形貌显示在使用过的根管锉靠近断口区,有许多裂纹,呈锐利Ⅰ型平面断口,应属于弯曲疲劳折断,而未使用过的新根管锉表面未见裂纹。F2折断机会多,折断前使用次数最少,一般在使用45～50次左右易断;S1在55～60次易断,其次为F1,最不易折断的为S2。结论在熟练掌握正确的使用技术后,手用ProTaper镍钛锉在使用40～50个根管后容易发生断针。     

机用ProTaper两步法预备根管的器械折断情况的体外研究

【摘要】 目的 评价分析机用镍钛器械在两步预备根管时的器械折断情况。方法 采集600颗离体磨牙,分成对照组与实验组,各300颗,对照组用常规机用ProTaper一步预备到位(S1-Sx-S2-F1-F2),实验组分两步预备根管(第一次:S1-G Grill-S2;第二次:F1-F2),最后统计分析每组器械折断情况,使用SPSS18.0软件包对结果进行卡方检验。结果 2种方法预备根管过程中发生器械折断率和器械折断长度显著性差异（p<0.05）,但在不同根管长度里预备器械折断率实验组虽然比对照组少但差别无统计意义,下颌磨牙器械折断36个(76.6%) 较上颌磨牙多, 且上下颌磨牙多发生在近中根管;器械折断的位置多位于根管弯曲的中段28个(59.6%);器械折断多发生于弯曲度大于30°的复杂根管41个(87.2%),两组之间无统计学差异。结论 根管治疗中机用Protaper使用两步法预备可以降低器械折断率。     

ProTaper机用镍钛锉预备根管的临床安全使用次数探讨

目的 通过对ProTaper机用镍钛锉（后简称ProTaper锉）预备根管流程的改良,在确保临床疗效的同时,提高临床安全使用次数。方法 选取患牙162颗,其中前牙、前磨牙和磨牙分别为23颗、28颗和111颗,按照探查根管、确定工作长度、初步疏通根管、GG钻预敞开根管上段以及ProTaper锉扩大成形的流程预备根管,侧方加压充填根管,通过术前、中、后X片来评价根管预备和充填的效果。结果 ProTaper锉能很好的维持根管的形态,术后反应少而轻。使用的9套ProTaper锉最多预备51个根管,最少预备35个根管,平均预备41个根管;SX、S1、S2、F1、F2、F3分别平均用了19.4、43.3、43.3、43.2、38.3、6.7个根管;有2套锉最终出现F1折断,2套出现S1和F1解螺旋,其余5套表现为锉柄、锉刃的老化。结论 根管预备流程的改良、熟练的操作、详细的使用记录和妥善保管是提高ProTaper锉安全使用次数的保障,建议使用ProTaper锉混合预备前后牙根管总数不超过35个。     

ProTaper机用镍钛锉根管预备的临床效果分析

目的 评价ProTaper机用镍钛锉根管预备的临床效果。方法 选择300颗患牙（638个根管）随机分为ProTaper组和K锉组,分别用ProTaper机用镍钛锉和K锉进行根管预备,采用χ2检验比较根管预备后的疼痛反应、根管充填效果及器械分离情况。结果 ProTaper组根管预备后疼痛发生率为6.00%,较K锉组的根管预备后疼痛发生率（26.67%）少（P<0.01）,ProTaper组根管恰填率为93.77%,较K锉组（88.64%）高（P<0.05）,两组间的器械分离则无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 ProTaper机用镍钛锉能有效降低根管预备后疼痛的发生和提高根管充填质量,而且较为安全。     

机用ProTaper镍钛器械折断的临床观察及影响因素分析

目的:观察ProTaper机用镍钛根管治疗器械临床使用的折断情况,分析影响其折断的因素.方法:选取2008年9月至2009年9月间来我院牙体牙髓科就诊的需进行根管治疗的患者共432例,使用ProTaper机用镍钛器械进行根管预备,记录发生折断的器械个数、型号、牙位以及预备的根管数目.使用SPSS17.0软件包中的Fisher确切概率法对数据进行统计学分析.结果:27根器械发生折断,折断率为10%;其中,21根器械发生疲劳折断,6根发生扭转折断.统计学分析显示,SX、S1、F1号器械与其他型号相比更易发生折断.折断绝大多数发生在进行后牙根管预备时.预备根管数大于20的器械,折断率明显增加.结论:使用ProTaper镍钛机用器械预备磨牙根管时更易发生折断;特定型号的器械(SX、S1、F1)折断率较高,临床使用时应加以注意.器械使用次数最好不要超过20次.     

减少机用ProTaper镍钛锉折断的护理体会

目的探讨椅旁护理中减少机用ProTaper镍钛锉在根管内折断的护理措施。方法配合同一位医生完成235例492个根管的机用ProTaper镍钛锉根管预备,总结减少镍钛锉折断的护理措施。结果235例患者根管治疗中,发生镍钛锉折断5支。结论规范、熟练的护理配合能减少器械折断,提高医疗安全。     

EDTA润滑剂在减缓机用镍钛锉疲劳方面的临床研究

目的 通过记录根管预备操作中ProTaper机用镍钛锉折断前使用次数,探讨乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)在根管预备中减缓机用镍钛器械疲劳方面的的应用价值。方法 收集大量离体磨牙和新ProTaper机用镍钛锉40套(S1-F2)共200支,Pro-Taper机用镍钛锉随机分为两组,对照组使用ProTaper机用镍钛锉+双氧水预备根管,实验组用EDTA+ProTaper机用镍钛锉根管预备,比较两组器械折断前不同使用次数情况。结果 实验组折断前使用次数均高于对照组,两组折断前使用次数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在熟练掌握正确的使用技术后,在根管预备中应用EDTA润滑剂可减缓机用镍钛器械疲劳程度,从而减少断针的机率。     

机用镍钛锉ProTaper预备根管的临床观察

根管预备是根管治疗术的重要步骤之一,良好的根管预备是根管治疗成功的前提.近几年来机用镍钛锉开始应用于临床,为根管预备提供了新的手段.笔者采用机用ProTaper和不锈钢K锉对164颗磨牙进行了根管预备和临床对比观察,现报告如下:     

声波根管器械联合ProTaper锉治疗残髓炎临床疗效评价

目的 评价声波根管器械联合ProTaper锉治疗残髓炎的临床疗效。方法 选择2011年2月至2012年2月在南平市妇幼保健院牙体牙髓科门诊就诊的残髓炎患者78例（共78颗患牙）,随机分为试验组（41例）和对照组37例。试验组采用声波根管器械联合ProTaper锉进行根管预备,对照组采用单纯的ProTaper锉进行根管预备。两组患者根管预备完成后均用氢氧化钙封药1周,然后行根管充填。比较两组患者根管预备后24 h、根管充填1周后的术后反应及1年后的疗效。结果 试验组患者根管预备后24 h、根管充填1周后的疼痛反应均较对照组轻;试验组1年后的疗效亦优于对照组。结论 声波根管器械联合ProTaper锉治疗残髓炎,可减少预备后的疼痛反应,同时提高根管充填的质量,保证根管治疗的成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

ProTaper机用和手用锉在乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床研究

目的：观察ProTaper机用锉和手用镍钛锉在儿童乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床效果。方法：选择4～8岁左右侧上颌第二乳磨牙同患牙髓炎或慢性根尖周炎各40名患儿,随机选择一侧为ProTaper机用锉组,对侧为对照组,观察牙髓炎患者用ProTaper机用锉拔髓、拔髓针拔髓所需时间及疼痛情况。观察慢性根尖周炎患者ProTaper机用锉、手用锉根管预备所需时间及根充效果。结果：ProTaper机用锉拔髓时间短、疼痛少、根管预备时间短,与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;ProTaper机用锉、手用锉根管预备后根充效果无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：ProTaper机用锉配合X线牙片、根管长度测量仪用于乳磨牙的拔髓和根管预备,可缩短治疗时间、减轻疼痛、显著提高根管治疗的效率。     

ProTaper机用镍钛技术在根管预备中的应用研究

目的 观察ProTaper机用镍钛技术预备根管的临床效果。方法 312例患者分成两组,镍钛根管锉(PT)组156例,采用ProTaper机用镍钛器械预备根管,不锈钢K型根管锉(SS)组156例,采用常规ISO手用不锈钢根管锉和逐步深入技术预备根管。记录根管预备时间及断针情况。根充后即刻摄片观察根充效果,术后3d复诊,评估术后疼痛情况。结果 根管预备时间PT组为(4.06±0.51)min,SS组为(6.11±0.56)min;根管恰填率PT组为89.25％,SS组为78.12％;根充术后疼痛率PT组为2.25％,SS组为9.05％;断针率PT组为5.64％,SS组为1.52％。两组间差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 ProTaper机用镍钛技术具有良好的根管成形性能,根充效果好,操作简易。但断针率较手用不锈钢根管锉高。     

Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of ProTaper Next Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare the torsional resistance, flexibility, and surface microhardness of ProTaper Next files (PTN) with Twisted Files (TF) and RaCe (RC).

Methods

A metal block with a cubical hole was used to evaluate the torsional resistance. Five millimeters of the tip of each file was securely held in place by filling the mold with a resin composite, and the files were driven clockwise at 300 rpm. The number of load applications before fracture was recorded for each file. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the topographic features of the fracture surfaces of the broken files. The files were tested for bending resistance by using cantilever-bending test. Vickers microhardness was measured on the cross section of instruments with 300-g load and 15-second dwell time. Torsional resistance data were analyzed by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Bending resistance and microhardness data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and Tukey tests.

Results

PTN showed the highest torsional resistance and microhardness, followed by RC (P < .05). The fracture cross sections of all brands showed dimpling near the center of fracture surface. The ranking in the bending resistance values was as follows: RC > PTN > TF.

Conclusions

PTN improved its resistance to torsional stresses and wear compared with TF and RC. TF showed improved flexibility compared with other tested brands.     

Root Canal Preparation and Enlargement Using Thermally Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems in Curved Canals

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate root canal preparation and apical enlargement of curved canals using rotary heat-treated and heat/surface-treated systems by micro–computed tomographic imaging.MethodsCurved mesial root canals (n = 48) of mandibular molars (20°–40°) were prepared using ProDesign Logic (PDL; Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil) 25/.01 and 25/.06 or HyFlex EDM (HFEDM) 10/.05, HyFlex CM 20/.04, and HFEDM 25/.08. Apical enlargement was performed using PDL 40/.05 or HFEDM 40/.04. Scanning (9 μm) was performed before and after preparation and after apical enlargement using micro–computed tomographic imaging. Volume, percentage of volume increase, debris, untouched root canal surface, and centering ability were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and unpaired t tests (α = .05).ResultsHFEDM promoted a higher volume increase of the root canals than PDL after preparation and after apical enlargement (P < .05). The apical enlargement promoted a significant decrease in debris and untouched surface in both groups (P < .05). The percentage of debris and untouched surface were similar between HFEDM and PDL after preparation and after apical enlargement (P > .05). Both systems promoted centered canals (P > .05).ConclusionsHFEDM instruments promoted greater volume of the root canal than PDL. However, the cleaning ability of the instruments was similar. The apical increase up to size 40 with both instruments provided less debris and untouched surfaces and allowed centralization of the curved root canals.     

机动ProTaper和Mtwo器械用于弯曲根管预备的临床评价

目的:评价机用ProTaper和Mtwo对弯曲根管的预备效果。方法:将临床需行根管治疗的171颗磨牙随机分为三组,分别采用ProTaper、Mtwo及不锈钢K锉对磨牙弯曲根管进行预备,比较器械折断、根管预备时间、术后反应及根管成型及充填情况。结果:根管预备时间:Mtwo的操作时间5.4 min比ProTaper的6.8 min和不锈钢K锉的13.6min短,ProTaper和Mtwo器械预备的根管锥度和流畅度均好,术后疼痛发生少。结论:ProTaper和Mtwo器械用于预备磨牙弯曲根管,效率高,成形能力佳。Mtwo器械应用常规预备法简单,预备时间短且有效。     

ProTaper手动锉预备弯曲根管的临床评价

目的评价ProTaper手动锉预备弯曲根管的临床疗效。方法将40颗具弯曲根管需行根管治疗的患牙随机分为两组：试验组用ProTaper手动锉及冠根向技术预备根管，对照组用K锉及逐步后退技术预备根管。两组均采用侧向加压充填法充填根管，用X线片评价根管预备的效果。结果ProTaper手动锉组无根管偏移、根尖堵塞、台阶形成、器械折断等并发症发生，能维持根管的弯曲度和走向，根管锥度和流畅度佳；操作时间短，且术后疼痛发生率低。结论ProTaper手动锉预备弯曲根管快速、安全、有效，临床应用价值较高。     

ProTaper手用镍钛锉在根管治疗中的应用研究

目的:观察ProTaper手用镍钛锉预备根管的临床效果。方法:280例根管治疗病例随机分为PT组(镍钛根管锉组)140例,300个根管,采用ProTaper手用镍钛锉和冠根向深入法预备根管,KH组140例,296个根管,采用ISO标准型不锈钢K型锉和H型锉根管针,按标准法预备根管,评估预备后疼痛情况、根充效果及根充后反应。结果:PT组根管适填率(91.87%)与KH组(88.51%)无显著性差异(p>0.05);PT组根管预备后疼痛率(4.29%)明显低于KH组(11.43%)(p<0.05);PT组根充术后疼痛率(2.14%)明显低与KH组(8.57%)(p<0.05)。结论:ProTaper手用镍钛锉技术在根管治疗术中及术后反应少。     

机用PathFile联合ProTaper镍钛器械治疗磨牙重度弯曲根管的临床研究

目的：探讨机用PathFile联合ProTaper镍钛器械治疗重度弯曲根管的临床疗效。方法：选择2012年10月-2015年10月期间就诊需进行根管治疗的112颗磨牙,共计331个根管,其中134个重度弯曲根管（弯曲度≥25°）。随机分为A,B两组,A组先用PathFile进行冠部预扩大后,再用ProTaper进行根管预备;B组单独使用Pro-Taper预备根管。比较2组患牙治疗后根管预备时间、根尖偏移率、器械折断率及恰填率的差异。结果：A组的根管预备时间较B组稍长,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组根尖偏移率及器械折断率较B组低,恰填率较B组高,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：机用PathFile联合ProTaper镍钛器械在预备重度弯曲根管时,能较好的保持根管的原有形态,且充填效果好。     

Assessment of Dentinal Damage during Canal Preparation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files

Introduction

The role of motion kinematics in creating dentinal damage during instrumentation is not very clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the formation of dentinal cracks with instruments working in continuous rotation and reciprocating motion.

Methods

One hundred twenty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected for the study. Thirty teeth served as controls, and the remaining 90 teeth were divided into 3 groups depending on the root canal preparation technique. Group 1 samples were treated with WaveOne primary files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), group 2 samples with single F2 ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer) working in reciprocating motion, and group 3 samples were prepared with sequential ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer) until F2 working in continuous rotation motion. Roots were then sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and the cut surface was observed under a stereomicroscope for the presence of dentinal microcracks.

Results

The control group and WaveOne, single F2 ProTaper in reciprocating motion, and continuous ProTaper groups caused cracks in 0%, 15%, 26%, and 53% of samples, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between 2 reciprocating file groups (WaveOne and single F2 ProTaper in reciprocating motion) and the continuous rotation group (ProTaper) (P < .05). However, no significant difference was found among the 2 reciprocating file groups (P > .05).

Conclusions

Dentinal cracks are produced irrespective of motion kinematics. Within the limits of this study and the current literature, such incidence is less with instruments working in reciprocating motion compared with those working in continuous rotation.     

根尖区机用镍钛器械折断的临床治疗体会

目的：探讨机用镍钛器械在根尖区折断的特点及临床治疗经验。方法：收集根尖区机用镍钛器械折断患者18例,记录折断器械的种类,型号,患者的年龄,牙位及其治疗结果。结果：18例折断器械中,发生于前牙3例,前磨牙3例,磨牙12例;其中ProTaper锉11例,Waveone锉5例,Mtwo锉1例,S3锉1例。折断器械成功取出10例,成功率55.6%。其中显微超声技术取出8例,成功率为44.5%;显微镜下加压冲洗法2例,成功率11.1%;保留作为根管充填物5例,旁路通过术2例,显微根尖手术1例。1年根管治疗成功率77.8%。结论：镍钛器械折断好发于磨牙细小根管及复杂根管,折断器械取出的难度大,有效预防器械折断及选择合适的治疗方案是提高根管治疗成功率的关键。     

Comparative Study of Different Novel Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems for Root Canal Preparation in Severely Curved Root Canals

Introduction

We compared the effects of 6 different rotary systems on transportation, canal curvature, centering ratio, surface area, and volumetric changes of curved mesial root canals of mandibular molar via cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging.

Methods

Mesiobuccal root canals of 120 mandibular first molars with an angle of curvature ranging from 20°–40° were divided into 6 groups of 20 canals. Based on CBCT images taken before instrumentation, the groups were balanced with respect to the angle and radius of canal curvature. Root canals were shaped with the following systems with an apical size of 25: OneShape (OS) (MicroMega, Besancon, France), ProTaper Universal (PU) F2 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next X2 (Dentsply Maillefer), Reciproc (R) R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) SM2 (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), and WaveOne primary (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK). After root canal preparation, changes were assessed with CBCT imaging. The significance level was set at P = .05.

Results

The R system removed a significantly higher amount of dentin than the OS, PU, and TFA systems (P < .05). There was no significant difference among the 6 groups in transportation, canal curvature, changes of surface area, and centering ratio after instrumentation.

Conclusions

The 6 different file systems straightened root canal curvature similarly and produced similar canal transportation in the preparation of mesial canals of mandibular molars. R instrumentation exhibited superior performance compared with the OS, TFA, and PU systems with respect to volumetric change.