海南西部地区乳腺癌患者 BRCA1 / 2 基因突变状态分析

目的 不同的区域及种族的 BRCA1 / 2 基因突变频率差异较大, 着重分析海南西部地区乳腺癌患 者 BRCA1 / 2 基因的突变状态及对患者预后的影响。 方法 选取 2015 年 10 月 ~ 2020 年 12 月在海南西部中 心医院住院并确诊为原发性乳腺癌的 256 例患者为研究对象, 采用变性高效液相色谱法 ( denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, DHPLC) 筛查乳腺癌患者是否存在 BRCA1 / 2 基因突变, 分析 BRCA1 / 2 基 因突变状态及 BRCA1 / 2 基因突变患者的临床特征, 并随访分析患者 5 年生存情况, COX 回归分析影响患者 预后的因素。 结果 256 例乳腺癌患者中共检出 53 例患者发生 BRCA1 / 2 基因突变, 其中 BRCA1 突变率 12. 11 % (31 / 256), BRCA2 突变率 8. 59 % (22 / 256), 其中有害变异率为 7. 03 % (18 / 256)。 BRCA1 / 2 基 因突变患者家族病史、 妇科疾病史、 乳腺疾病史、 雌激素受体 (estrogen receptor, ER)、 原癌基因 (CerbB2) 蛋白阳性比例以及临床病理分级、 临床分期与未突变患者比较差异有统计学意义 (P< 0. 05)。 患者总 体生存率为 83. 59 % , BRCA1 / 2 基因突变者生存率低于未突变者 (P< 0. 05), COX 回归分析显示, BRCA1 / 2 基因突变、 乳腺疾病史、 临床分期、 CerbB-2 阳性、 CEA、 CA199 均是影响乳腺癌患者生存的危险因素 (P< 0. 05)。 结论 通过 DHPLC 可有效筛查海南西部地区乳腺癌患者 BRCA1 / 2 基因的有害变异, BRCA1 / 2 基因突变与临床病理特征及预后密切相关。     

三阴型乳腺癌FOXA1和BRCA1的表达及其对预后的意义

目的: 研究三阴型和非三阴型乳腺癌中叉头框蛋白A1(FOXA1)、BRCA1蛋白、P53和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况和预后意义。方法: 收集暨南大学附属第一医院乳腺癌的标本113例,根据免疫组化检测雌激素受体、孕激素受体和HER-2的表达情况分为三阴型(A组)、luminal型(B组)及HER-2过表达型(C组)乳腺癌。应用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测3组样本FOXA1、BRCA1、P53和VEGF的表达情况。结果: FOXA1总的阳性表达率为63.7%(72/113),A组阳性表达率为45.2%(19/42),B组为88.0%(44/50),C组为42.9%(9/21),FOXA1在3组中的表达存在显著差异(P<0.01);BRCA1总的阳性表达率为47.8%(54/113),A组阳性表达率为66.7%(28/42),B组为44.0%(22/50),C组为19.0%(4/21),BRCA1在3组中的表达存在显著差异(P<0.01);FOXA1阳性表达率在Ⅰ~Ⅱ期临床分期和组织学1~2级中高于阴性表达组(P<0.05),FOXA1阳性表达率与P53、VEGF表达和复发率呈负相关(P<0.05);BRCA1阳性表达率在Ⅲ期临床分期和组织学3级中高于阴性表达组(P<0.05),BRCA1阳性表达率与P53、 VEGF表达和复发率呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论: FOXA1和BRCA1在乳腺癌中表达存在差异。BRCA1可作为三阴型乳腺癌预后不良的指标。     

维吾尔族和汉族散发性乳腺癌患者BRCA1/2基因突变的检测

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族和汉族散发性乳腺癌患者乳腺癌易感基因1/2(BRCA1/2)突变情况及与临床病理参数的关系。方法采用PCR和DNA直接测序法,对新疆地区230例散发性乳腺癌患者(维吾尔族、汉族各115例)石蜡组织进行BRCA1基因第2、11(11A和11B)、20号外显子和BRCA2基因第11号部分外显子,共5对引物进行突变检测。结果 230例乳腺癌患者中,BRCA基因突变率为6.96%(16/230),其中1例BRCA1基因-5 382位点的突变及7例新发突变位点;维吾尔族和汉族患者中BRCA基因突变检出率分别为7.83%(9/115)和6.09%(7/115);BRCA基因突变组发病年龄均≤50岁;突变组16例患者中绝经前患者(13例)的突变率明显高于绝经后患者(3例)(P0.05)。结论 BRCA1基因突变可能与新疆地区散发性乳腺癌发生相关。     

NLR、PLR与高级别浆液性卵巢癌分期、BRCA突变及淋巴结转移、HRD状态的关系

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比率(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, PLR)与高级别浆液性卵巢癌(high-grade serous ovarian cancer, HGSOC)分期、淋巴结转移、BRCA1/2基因突变及同源重组修复缺陷(homologous recombination deficiency, HRD)状态的相关性。方法 依据入组及排除标准，回顾性分析152例有BRCA1/2基因检测以及47例有HRD检测结果的HGSOC基本临床信息，根据FIGO(2018)分期、BRCA1/2基因是否突变、HRD状态、淋巴结是否转移分组，分析NLR、PLR与不同因素的相关性。结果 与早期HGSOC相比，晚期HGSOC患者中NLR(P=0.004,cut off=2.085)、PLR(P<0.001,cut off=167.1)显著升高；与淋巴结转移阴性HGSOC患者相比，淋巴结转移阳性患者的CA125水平显著升高(P<0.001)。结论 NLR、PLR...     

中国福建遗传性乳腺癌BRCA1基因突变分析

目的研究福建遗传性乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因突变位点及携带情况。方法对20例遗传性乳腺癌患者血液标本进行检测,对其BRCA1基因第11号外显子全序列进行DNA测序。结果20例标本中检出5患者存在共计9种BRCA1基因突变,其中3个为新发现位点（错义突变1159T〉C,4071A〉C;同义突变4122C〉T）;其它6个已报道位点中2个（2201C〉T,2430T〉C）为同义突变,其余4个（2685T〉C,2731C〉T,3232A〉G,3667A〉G）属错义突变,本研究中BRCA1突变率为25%。结论福建遗传性乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因突变具有地域性特征,开展BRCA1基因突变检测有助于本地区女性患癌风险评估和早期诊断。     

中国上海家族性乳腺癌BRCA1和BRCA2基因的突变

目的研究上海地区家族性乳腺癌中BRCA1／BRCA2基因的突变位点及携带情况。方法研究对象来自35个汉族家族性乳腺癌家系，家系中至少有一个一级亲属乳腺癌患病史。共35例患者，其中13例发病年龄≤加岁。由静脉血提取基因组DNA，对BRCA1／BRCA2基因的全部编码序列进行扩增。扩增产物突变分析先由变性高效液相色谱分析进行筛查，之后进行DNA直接测序证实。结果在BRCA1基因中发现有4个突变位点，其中2个为新发现位点——拼接点突变（IVS17-1G〉T；IVS21＋1G〉C）；另两个为已报道的致病突变位点——移码突变（1100delAT；5640delA）。BRCA2基因的1个致病突变位点位于11号外显子上，为移码突变（5802delAATT）。另外，共发现有12个新的单核苷重复多态位点，都未引起氨基酸编码改变；其中，8个在BRCA1基因上，4个在BRCA2基因上。在家族性乳腺癌中，BRCA1突变频率（11．4％）高于BRCA2基因（2．9％）。结论新发现的2个BRCA1基因的拼接点突变可能是中国上海人群家族性乳腺癌的特有突变位点；在我国上海地区人群中，BRCA1基因突变起着比BRCA2基因更大的作用；该研究丰富了中国人群中BRCA基因的突变谱，并为未来的临床基因检测提供了筛查模式。     

新疆地区维吾尔族乳腺癌BRCA1基因突变分析

目的研究新疆地区维吾尔族乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因突变情况及突变位置。方法选取70例维吾尔族乳腺癌根治标本,对照组为32例维汉族乳腺良性病变（纤维腺病及纤维腺瘤）及乳腺癌旁非癌组织;应用PCR-单链构象多态性和DNA序列测定的方法检测BRCA1基因突变。结果（1）70例维吾尔族乳腺癌中发现9例BRCA1突变的12个新位点。（2）70例维吾尔族乳腺癌BRCA1的突变率为12.86%（9/70）,22例维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌（≤35岁）BRCA1突变率为31.82%（7/22）。维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌BRCA1突变率（7/22）高于维吾尔族晚发性乳腺癌（2/48）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.295,P〈0.01）。（3）70例维吾尔族乳腺癌中发现9例BRCA1基因核苷酸多态性位点,其中8例多态性位点均为3232A〉G。（4）2例双侧乳腺癌中均检测出BRCA1基因的突变。结论BRCA1突变可能与新疆维吾尔族乳腺癌尤其是维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌及双侧乳腺癌的发生密切相关。     

三阴型乳腺癌中BRCA1的表达及其预后意义

目的：探讨乳腺癌易感基因1(breast cancer susceptibility gene 1, BRCA1)蛋白的表达及其对三阴型乳腺癌(triple nega-tive breast cancer, TNBC)患者预后的影响。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测95例TNBC组织蜡块中BRCA1、p53的表达,并结合患者临床病理特征进行相关性分析和预后评价。结果 TNBC中BRCA1的阳性率为31．6%,阳性患者中位年龄较阴性者明显偏小(P=0．047),且p53表达明显升高(P=0．001),阳性者与阴性者的总生存期差异无显著性(HR=1．110,95%CI=0．552~2．235,P=0．769)。结论 BRCA1蛋白表达与TNBC患者发病年龄、p53表达有关,但对患者的预后无明显影响。 p53通路与BRCA1表达在抑制肿瘤生长方面可能存在相关性。     

散发性乳腺癌及乳腺不典型导管增生组织BRCA1基因启动子区甲基化分析

目的 了解散发性乳腺癌及癌旁增生组织、乳腺不典型导管增生组织BRCA1基因启动子区甲基化状态,探讨其与乳腺癌发生的关系.方法 采用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)结合巢式PCR技术,研究23例散发性乳腺癌及其癌旁增生组织、6例乳腺不典型导管增生组织及5例健康成人女性外周血淋巴细胞中BRCA1基因启动子区甲基化状态.结果 5例健康成人女性外周血淋巴细胞均表现BRCA1基因启动子区甲基化阴性;23例原发性乳腺癌组织中,BRCA1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化率为65.22%(15/23);癌旁增生组织检出CpG岛甲基化者11例,甲基化率为47.83%(11/23),且均为癌组织阳性患者;6例乳腺不典型导管增生组织中,BRCA1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化阳性者2例,甲基化率为33.33%(2/6);统计学检验结果表明,乳腺癌、癌旁增生组织之间,BRCA1基因启动子区甲基化阳性率无显著差异.结论 BRCA1基因启动子区CpG 岛甲基化是散发性乳腺癌发生过程中的早期事件,可能在乳腺癌发生中和乳腺增生病癌变过程中起重要生物学作用.     

早发性乳腺癌/卵巢癌BRCA1基因突变分析

目的探讨中国北方地区汉族人群早发性乳腺癌和卵巢癌与BRCA1基因的关系.方法应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析和DNA直接测序法检测BRCA1基因外显子2和外显子11部分序列.结果对12例早发性乳腺癌/卵巢癌患者PCR-SSCP的检测中,在外显子2发现1例突变,经DNA测序证实突变为第166碱基插入碱基"C".结论 BRCA1基因突变可能与北方地区汉族人群早发性乳腺癌有关.     

Identification of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic alterations in Greek breast cancer moderate-risk and low-risk individuals--correlation with clinicopathological data

The current study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in Greek moderate- and low-risk individuals with respect to clinicopathological phenotype and clinical outcome of breast cancer. Ninety-four consecutive individuals were prospectively recruited from two University Breast Cancer Clinics (Hippokrateion Hospitan and Laikon Hospital) between 1989 and 1999 and were categorized as moderate-risk and low-risk individuals for carrying BRCA1/2 germline mutations. To identify the underlying mutations, protein-truncation test and single-strand conformation polymorphism methods were used, followed by direct sequencing. Three novel BRCA1 missense mutations, one novel BRCA1 intronic deletion, three novel (previously reported) BRCA2 truncating mutations, and one novel BRCA2 missense mutation were identified in the moderate-risk group of individuals studied. The BRCA1/2 missense mutations as well as the single intronic variant identified were designated as unclassified genetic variants. Two BRCA1 unclassified genetic variants (missense mutations) were detected in two of the three (66.7%) male breast cancer patients analyzed, while the third one was identified in a sporadic (low-risk) breast cancer patient. Clinicopathological characteristics of breast carcinomas originating from BRCA1/2 heterozygotes were consistent with those already reported and not different from those observed in BRCA1/2 mutation (-) breast cancer patients. Furthermore, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers presented an excellent 4.5-year overall survival (100%). Our results reveal the unique characteristics of BRCA1/2 mutation status, genotype-phenotype correlations, and prognosis, in moderate- and low-risk individuals of Greek ancestry. Breast cancer due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes appears to be a heterogeneous syndrome in the Greek population.     

Contribution of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations to breast cancer in Tunisia

Hereditary breast cancer accounts for 3–8% of all breast cancers, with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes responsible for up to 30% of these. To investigate the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in breast cancer patients with affected relatives in Tunisia, we studied 36 patients who had at least one first degree relative with breast and/or ovarian cancer Thirty-four 34 patients were suggestive of the BRCA1 mutation and two were suggestive of the BRCA2 mutation, based on the presence of male breast cancer detected in their corresponding pedigrees. Four mutations in BRCA1 were detected, including a novel frame-shift mutation (c.211dupA) in two unrelated patients and three other frameshift mutations – c.4041delAG, c.2551delG and c.5266dupC. Our study is the first to describe the c.5266dupC mutation in a non-Jewish Ashkenazi population. Two frameshift mutations (c.1309del4 and c.5682insA) were observed in BRCA2. Nineteen percent (7/36) of the familial cases had deleterious mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Almost all patients with deleterious mutations of BRCA1 reported a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer in the index case or in their relatives. Our data are the first to contribute to information on the mutation spectrum of BRCA genes in Tunisia, and we give a recommendation for improving clinical genetic testing policy.     

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Russian familial breast cancer

We have screened index cases from 25 Russian breast/ovarian cancer families for germ‐line mutations in all coding exons of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, using multiplex heteroduplex analysis. In addition we tested 22 patients with breast cancer diagnosed before age 40 without family history and 6 patients with bilateral breast cancer. The frequency of families with germline mutations in BRCA was 16% (4/25). One BRCA1 mutation, 5382insC, was found in three families. The results of present study, and those of a separate study of 19 breast‐ovarian cancer families, suggest that BRCA1 5382insC is a founder mutation in the Russian population. Three BRCA2 mutations were found in patients with breast cancer without family history: two in young patients and one in patients with bilateral breast cancer. Four novel BRCA2 mutations were identified: three frameshift (695insT, 1528del4, 9318del4) and one nonsense (S1099X). © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Turkish breast/ovarian cancer patients

In this study we genotyped Turkish breast/ovarian cancer patients for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations: protein truncation test (PTT) for exon 11 BRCA1 of and, multiplex PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for BRCA2, complemented by DNA sequencing. In addition, a modified restriction assay was used for analysis of the predominant Jewish mutations: 185delAG, 5382InsC, Tyr978X (BRCA1) and 6174delT (BRCA2). Eighty three breast/ovarian cancer patients were screened: twenty three had a positive family history of breast/ovarian cancer, ten were males with breast cancer at any age, in eighteen the disease was diagnosed under 40 years of age, one patient had ovarian cancer in addition to breast cancer and one patient had ovarian cancer. All the rest (n=30) were considered sporadic breast cancer cases. Overall, 3 pathogenic mutations (3/53-5.7%) were detected, all in high risk individuals (3/23-13%): a novel (2990insA) and a previously described mutation (R1203X) in BRCA1, and a novel mutation (9255delT) in BRCA2. In addition, three missense mutations [two novel (T42S, N2742S) and a previously published one (S384F)] and two neutral polymorphisms (P9P, P2532P) were detected in BRCA2. Notably none of the male breast cancer patients harbored any mutation, and none of the tested individuals carried any of the Jewish mutations. Our findings suggest that there are no predominant mutations within exon 11 of the BRCA1 and in BRCA2 gene in Turkish high risk families.     

Mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 from 793 Korean patients with sporadic breast cancer

To investigate the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Korean patients with sporadic breast cancer, 793 breast cancer patients were analyzed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. The 793 breast cancer patients enrolled in this study had no family history of affected first- or second-degree relatives with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Seventy-nine different sequence variations were identified, of which 34 were novel. Fifteen deleterious mutations were detected in 20 out of 793 patients (2.5%): 11 frameshift mutations and 4 nonsense mutations (seven in BRCA1 and eight in BRCA2), and no recurrent or founder mutations were observed in BRCA mutation screening. However, three mutations (K467X, 3972delTGAG, and R2494X in BRCA2) were identified in other studies of the Korean population. Of 793 patients, the clinicopathological information was obtained in 135 patients, who included 20 deleterious mutation-positive and 115 deleterious mutation-negative groups. The median age at diagnosis, histologic type, histologic grade and T stage did not show statistically significant difference between these two groups. BRCA-mutation-associated tumors showed lower estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/neu but higher p53 expression. Although poor prognostic features were noted in BRCA-associated tumors, we did not find statistically significant differences. The present study will be helpful in the evaluation of the need for the genetic screening of germline BRCA mutations and reliable genetic counseling for sporadic breast cancer patients.     

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among familial breast cancer patients from Costa Rica

Gutiérrez Espeleta GA, Llacuachaqui M, García-Jiménez L, Aguilar Herrera M, Loáiciga Vega K, Ortiz A, Royer R, Li S, Narod SA. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among familial breast cancer patients from Costa Rica. The contribution of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to the burden of breast cancer in Costa Rica has not been studied. We estimated the frequency of BRCA mutations among 111 Costa Rican women with breast cancer and a family history of breast cancer. These women were mainly from the metropolitan area of San José. A detailed family history was obtained from each patient and a blood sample was processed for DNA extraction. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were sought using a combination of techniques and all mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. Four different mutations were identified in five patients (four in BRCA2 and one in BRCA1) representing 4.5% of the total. Two unrelated patients were found to have a BRCA2 5531delTT mutation. Other BRCA2 mutations included C5507G and 6174delT. Only one BRCA1 mutation was found (C3522T). The family with the BRCA1 mutation had five cases of gastric cancer. Families with BRCA2 mutations were also reported to have cases of gastric and prostate cancers; however, the full range of cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Costa Rica has not yet been established.     

Contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations to the incidence of early-onset breast cancer in Cyprus

In Cyprus, the prevalence of breast cancer associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in young women is unknown. In this study, we present the results of mutational analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 26 Cypriot women diagnosed with breast cancer by the age of 40. The entire coding regions, including splice sites, of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were sequenced using cycle sequencing. We identified four pathogenic mutations: two in BRCA1 [c.1840A>T (K614X), c.5310delG (5429delG)] and two in BRCA2 [c.3531-3534delCAGC (3758del4), c.8755delG (8984delG)] in six of 26 unrelated patients. The BRCA2 mutation c.3531-3534delCAGC (3758del4) is novel and the BRCA1 mutation c.1840A>T (K614X) is reported for the first time in Cypriot patients. The BRCA2 Cypriot founder mutation c.8755delG (8984delG) was detected in three unrelated patients. Additionally, we identified one novel BRCA1 missense mutation, two novel polymorphisms and three novel intronic variants of which BRCA1 c.4185+3A>G (IVS12+3A>G) may be pathogenic. Of the six BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, only four had a family history. These results show that the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Cypriot women diagnosed with early-onset breast cancer is high. We conclude that Cypriot women with early-onset breast cancer should be offered BRCA1/2 testing irrespective of their family history.     

中国乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因的频发突变5589del8

目的研究在中国大陆乳腺癌人群中是否存在BRCAI／2基因突变的“热点”。方法研究对象为来自全国4个乳腺癌医疗中心的177例家族性和早发性乳腺癌患者和426例散发性乳腺癌患者,根据前期研究中已发现的BRCAI／2基因突变位点,应用变性高效液相色谱分析和DNA测序技术对这些患者进行已知位点的突变检测。结果在前期研究的70例家族性和早发性乳腺癌患者和本研究的177例患者（共247例）中,共发现3例BRCAl5589del8突变的携带者,在426例散发性乳腺癌患者中也发现了2例BRCAl5589del8突变的携带者。单倍型分析的结果显示这5例患者具有相近甚至相同的单倍型。结论BRCAl5589del8突变是中国人群中BRCAl基因的频发突变,它是否是中国人群中的“始祖突变”仍需进一步研究证实。