成都地区城乡母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素研究

目的研究成都地区母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法选取成都地区城乡1178名6～24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集婴幼儿及家庭基本情况和母乳喂养相关信息,运用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox比例风险模型分析母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素。结果调查对象母乳喂养持续时间(P50)分别为城市6.0个月(P25～P75:3～8.5个月)和农村8.0个月(P25～P75:5～11个月),城乡差异有显著性(P<0.05);婴幼儿饮食月消费与母乳喂养持续时间呈负相关(城乡RR值分别为0.163和0.312),母亲产假与母乳喂养持续时间呈正相关(城乡RR值分别为1.508和2.191)。结论成都地区母乳喂养时间普遍不足,需采取针对性的干预措施给予改善。     

职业母亲婴幼儿的母乳喂养情况及相关因素分析

目的 了解职业母亲母乳喂养情况以及可能影响母乳喂养持续时间的因素。方法 对368名6~24个月婴儿的职业母亲问卷调查。结果 6个月时母乳喂养率为72.8%, 纯母乳喂养率为25.8%。母乳喂养持续时间平均(8.45±0.33)月, 纯母乳喂养持续时间平均(3.89±0.11)月。断奶主要原因是乳汁少或无乳汁和上班/工作紧张。采用Cox回归多因素分析母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素。结果显示, 配偶为硕士及以上文化程度, 调查对象户籍为非本市, 知晓“母乳稍微不足时, 增加乳汁最好的办法是增加吸吮次数”、“母乳喂养最好持续到2岁”, 本人决定母乳喂养, 对母乳喂养很有信心, 产假时间≥6个月, 工作不紧张或一般, 单位有地方挤奶, 母乳喂养持续时间更长。结论 职业母亲的婴幼儿母乳喂养情况不容乐观, 应采取调整产假和哺乳假时间, 工作场所设立哺乳场所, 以及缓解职业母亲工作压力提供人性关怀等措施, 促进职业母亲对婴幼儿的母乳喂养持续时间, 从而从源头上促进婴幼儿身心健康发展。     

广东省0～18月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养的影响因素分析

目的 了解影响广东省0～18月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养的主观及客观因素,为指导婴幼儿的科学喂养提供依据.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,抽取代表广东省城市、城镇、农村3个地区的所有0～18月龄婴幼儿,对其喂养方式及相关因素进行问卷调查.结果 共收集3 844名婴幼儿.4、6月龄母乳喂养率分别是75.6%(1 548/2 048)、65.8%(878/1 335),母乳喂养平均持续时间为6.06±3.37个月,在城市、城镇、农村婴幼儿中的差异有统计学意义(F=57.602,P<0.01).影响母乳喂养的主观因素主要是自认为"乳汁太少"、"不适合喂奶"、"宝宝不喜欢吃";婴儿出生于农村,性别是男孩,抚养人是母亲,胎次越多,母亲年龄越大,每月用于食物的开支越少,就越趋向于选择母乳喂养;食物转换的时间越晚,婴幼儿年龄越大,家庭每月总收入越少,母亲年龄越大,产假越长者,母乳喂养的时间就越长.结论 婴幼儿母乳喂养率较低,应加强母乳喂养的宣教,有针对性地进行产后哺乳指导,改变过早食物转换的观念,制定政策时应延长职业母亲的产假.     

乳品商业活动与喂养政策认知对母乳喂养的影响

目的 了解乳品商家商业活动与乳母母乳喂养政策认知对母乳喂养的影响,为有效提高母乳喂养率提供依据.方法 采用自行设计的婴儿母乳喂养因素调查问卷,对2009年10月至2010年10月在岳阳市妇幼保健医院接受计划免疫6个月及6个月以上婴儿的母亲进行问卷调查.结果 母乳喂养率与乳品商家商业活动影响评分相关,χ2＝144.546,P=0.000,经进一步计算Spearman等级相关系数rs=-0.573(t＝14.185,P＝0.000),母乳喂养率随乳品商家商业活动影响评分的增加而降低.乳母母乳喂养政策的认知情况与喂养方式的选择相关联,母乳喂养组政策认知率明显高于人工喂养组,χ2=101.798,P=0.000.结论 接受商业活动乳母母乳喂养率低,商业活动对母乳喂养率的负面影响明显.加强母乳喂养的政策宣教可以有效地提高母乳喂养率.     

母乳成分对纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率影响的队列研究

目的:探讨母乳成分对纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率的影响,分析可能影响纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率的相关因素。方法:选取北京市西城区4个社区202名纯母乳喂养婴儿及其母亲作为调查对象,分别在婴儿满1、2、3、4月龄监测其身长和体重,并采集5~10 ml母乳样本进行母乳成分分析,采用自行设计的调查表收集可能的影响因素信息,对婴儿母亲进行一对一问卷调查。采用多因素分析方法分析母乳成分及其他相关因素对婴儿体重增量和身长增量的影响。结果:母乳成分中脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、总能量对婴幼儿体重的增长速率有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母乳中干物质的含量及总能量对婴儿身长的增长速率有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对婴幼儿体重增长速率有影响的其他因素包括性别、父亲民族、身长增长量、主要看护人以及母乳喂养时的吸吮时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对婴幼儿身长增长速率有影响的其他因素包括性别、体重增长量、家庭平均月收入、主要看护人、母乳喂养时的吸吮时间及对母乳喂养知识知晓情况,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率受母乳成分、家庭、喂养方法等多重因素影响。应有针对性的加强母乳喂养的营养指导,提高母乳质量,加强母乳喂养知识宣教工作,去除不利于婴幼儿早期体格生长发育的不利因素。     

合肥市6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养现状及影响因素研究

目的 调查合肥市6月龄婴儿喂养现状并研究纯乳母喂养影响因素,为提高纯母乳喂养行为提供科学依据。方法 以2020年1—10月在合肥某医院产科分娩的单胎活产儿及其母亲为研究对象,在婴儿出生后满6个月时通过医院分娩记录获取其母亲/父亲联系方式对婴儿母亲进行6月龄婴儿喂养现状及影响因素调查,采用描述性流行病学分析方法对6月龄婴儿喂养现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对纯母乳喂养影响因素进行分析。结果 共2 537名婴儿纳入研究,纯母乳喂养724例,占28.54%,优势母乳喂养298例,占11.75%,补充喂养356例,占14.03%,母乳喂养819例,占32.28%,奶瓶喂养340例,占13.40%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示婴儿母亲年龄越大（OR=0.441）、婴儿母亲乳头凹陷/扁平（OR=0.360）、婴儿母亲开奶时间≥30 min（OR=0.431）的6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养可能性较小,婴儿母亲学历越高（OR=2.499）、职业为事业单位工作人员（OR=1.806）、个体经营者（OR=1.730）、农民/无业者（OR=2.018）、婴儿父母支持母乳喂养（OR=2.392）的6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养可能性较大。结论 合肥市6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率低,其受到母亲年龄、学历、职业、乳头凹陷/扁平、开奶时间以及父亲是否支持母乳喂养等多种因素影响,应当针对现状及影响因素加强纯母乳喂养知识宣教及干预措施,改善该地区婴儿母乳喂养情况。     

0～24月龄婴幼儿喂养状况分析

目的 获取调查地区0~24月龄婴幼儿的喂养情况,为进一步的营养干预提供参考依据.方法 以北京、长治、黄冈、苏州和南宁为研究地,在五地妇幼保健院儿保门诊对婴幼儿父母进行问卷调查,结果输入计算机进行分析.结果 受访婴幼儿4月龄纯母乳喂养率为55.2%,6月龄纯母乳喂养率降至19.0%.断奶月龄中位数是8个月,断奶的主要原因是"母乳不足"、"家长认为应该断奶了"和"母亲上班".未满6月龄即添加辅食的婴幼儿占69.1%,6月龄时添加的为20.5%,10.4%的婴幼儿6月龄后才添加;城市婴幼儿在水果(χ2=4.366,P=0.037)、蔬菜(χ2=6.562,P=0.010)、肉类(χ2=10.812,P=0.001)和鱼虾类(χ2=20.208,P<0.001)4种辅食的添加率上显著高于农村.结论 调查地区纯母乳喂养率较低,母乳喂养持续时间短;辅食添加状况有待改善.     

6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的母乳喂养是婴儿喂养最佳选择,不仅对婴儿生长发育起积极作用,而且可加速母乳喂养者产后恢复,同时还有利于建立和谐母婴关系,增进母婴交流。本研究分析6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素,为纯母乳喂养提供理论支撑。方法收集2016-01-01-2018-12-30郑州大学附属儿童医院6个月婴儿母亲1 000名作为研究对象,给予纯母乳喂养相关问卷调查。问卷调查主要包括母亲年龄、学历、户口类型、家庭月收入、产假、分娩方式、胎次、纯母乳信心、家人态度、开奶时间和是否夜间哺乳等,分析纯母乳喂养影响因素。结果1 000名被调查母亲,纯母乳喂养620名(62%),非纯母乳喂养380名(38%)。单因素分析结果表明,母亲年龄、学历、户口类型、家庭月收入、产假、分娩方式、胎次、纯母乳信心、家人态度、开奶时间和是否夜间哺乳是纯母乳喂养影响因素,均P0.05。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,高学历(OR=0.768,95%CI为0.612～0.981,P=0.035)、无夜间哺乳(OR=1.801,95%CI为1.163～2.776,P=0.007)、家庭收入高(OR=0.702,95%CI为0.565～0.902,P=0.002)、无产假(OR=3.915,95%CI为2.813～5.476,P=0.001)、家人支持度低(OR=1.581,95%CI为1.102～2.262,P=0.012)、怀胎次数多(OR=0.694,95%CI为0.522～0.926,P=0.011)、缺乏母乳喂养信心(OR=1.549,95%CI为1.118～2.077,P=0.004)和开奶时间晚(OR=1.465,95%CI为1.285～1.661,P0.001)是影响母乳喂养的不利因素。结论高学历、无夜间哺乳、家庭收入高、无产假、家人支持度低、怀胎次数多、缺乏母乳喂养信心和开奶时间晚是影响母乳喂养的不利因素。     

深圳市6个月内婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行及手机利用需求调查

目的 了解深圳市6个月内婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行情况,并根据婴儿母亲手机利用需求提出方便、有效、可行、易于接受的有针对性的健康教育干预措施.方法 随机抽取在深圳市3个区妇幼保健院儿保科进行6个月内儿童常规体检的婴儿母亲1000名进行问卷调查.结果 6个月内纯母乳喂养率为61.2%,非纯母乳喂养主要原因为自述母乳不足(42.01%),按需哺乳知识知晓率最低(47.7%),母乳喂养知识主要来源为医务人员(50.1%),纯母乳喂养组与非纯母乳喂养组在母乳喂养信心(χ2=7.131,P=0.008)、家人支持(χ2=5.648,P=0.017)、开奶时间(χ2=45.083,P<0.01)、母婴同室(χ2=19.765,P<0.01)、夜间哺乳(χ2=15.666,P<0.01)方面比较,差异有统计学意义.调查显示86.8%的婴儿母亲愿意通过手机接收母乳喂养知识.结论 为进一步提高6个月内纯母乳喂养率,医务人员应加强母乳喂养宣教,鼓励产妇家属共同参与,增强产妇母乳喂养信心,用工单位提供便利支持母乳喂养,医院落实爱婴医院政策,发挥手机快捷、互动平台作用进行母乳喂养健康教育干预.     

职业母亲婴幼儿的母乳喂养情况及相关因素分析

目的探析职业母亲婴幼儿的母乳喂养情况及相关因素。方法选取200名5-24个月婴幼儿的职业母亲进行问卷调查,分析母乳喂养情况及可能影响持续母乳喂养的相关因素。结果经问卷调查统计分析,在宝宝在5月时,其母乳喂养几率为70．5％,且宝宝纯母乳喂养率为23．8％;宝宝平均持续母乳喂养时间是（8．44±0．37）个月;纯母乳喂养持续时间平均为（3．98±0．22）个月;其断奶的主要原因是工作紧张和乳汁少或没有乳汁。采取Cox回归多因素分析母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素,结果显示,主要的影响因素为户籍、配偶文化程度、母乳稍微不足时,增加乳汁最好的办法是增加吸吮的次数、母乳喂养信心、产假时间、母乳喂养最好持续到2岁、工作是否紧张、单位是否有地方挤奶。结论职业母亲的婴幼儿母乳喂养的情况不容乐观,应在公共场所设立哺乳场所,调整产假和哺乳假时间,缓解职业母亲的工作压力,提供人性关怀等措施,促进母乳喂养持续时间,进而促进婴幼儿的身心健康成长。     

Association of Family and Health Care Provider Opinion on Infant Feeding with Mother's Breastfeeding Decision

In the United States, about 25% of women choose not to initiate breastfeeding, yet little is known about how opinions of individuals in a woman's support network influence her decision to breastfeed. In the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, women completed questionnaires from the last trimester of pregnancy until 12 months postpartum. Mothers indicated prenatally their family members' and health care providers' opinion on how newborns should be fed: breastfed only, formula fed only, breast and formula fed, or no opinion/don't know. Breastfeeding initiation was determined by asking mothers around 4 weeks postpartum (n=2,041) whether they ever breastfed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between mothers' perception of family members' and health care providers' opinion on how to feed the infant and the initiation of breastfeeding, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Nearly 14% of mothers surveyed did not initiate breastfeeding. Mothers who believed their family members or health care providers preferred breastfeeding only were least likely not to initiate breastfeeding. Never breastfeeding was significantly associated with the following perceptions: the infant's father (odds ratio [OR]=110.4; 95% CI 52.0 to 234.4) or maternal grandmother (OR=15.9; 95% CI 7.0 to 36.0) preferred only formula feeding; the infant's father (OR=3.2; 95% CI 1.7 to 5.9) or doctor (OR=2.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 6.2) preferred both breast and formula feeding; and the infant's father (OR=7.6; 95% CI 4.5 to 12.7), maternal grandmother (OR=5.4; 95% CI 2.6 to 11.0), or doctor (OR=1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.7) had no opinion/didn't know their feeding preference. The prenatal opinions of family members and health care providers play an important role in a woman's breastfeeding decisions after the infant's birth.     

Attitudinal and social influences on infant-feeding preference

We undertook this investigation to provide information that would serve as the basis for designing an educational program to increase breastfeeding. Guided by the principles of the theory of reasoned action, we developed specific objectives to determine the predictive value of attitude and social influences on 1) mothers' intentions to breastfeed or bottle feed and 2) mothers' actual behavior. We examined the study participants' beliefs underlying such attitudinal and social influences to ascertain whether we could use certain salient beliefs to discriminate among mothers with differing infant-feeding intentions. We also determined the role of demographic factors as predictors of differing feeding intentions. Data were collected on 53 pregnant women participating in a federal food assistance program. Results indicated that mothers' attitudes were more predictive of infant-feeding intention than were social influences. Maternal attitude mediated the effects of demographic factors on intention. With respect to maternal beliefs, mothers planning to breastfeed were significantly more convinced that breastfeeding would provide the best nutrition and closeness with their infants. Education designed to increase breastfeeding should focus upon strengthening beliefs for which an empirical relationship with intention has been established.     

Breastfeeding in Depressed Mother-Infant Dyads

Depressed versus non-depressed mothers were interviewed on their breastfeeding practices and perceptions of their infants' feeding behavior when their infants were eight-months-old. The depressed mothers less often breastfed, they stopped breastfeeding their infants significantly earlier in infancy and they scored lower on a breastfeeding confidence scale. Independent of maternal depression, mothers who breastfed rather than bottle fed their infants had higher confidence levels and rated their infants as less alert and less irritable during feedings.     

Factors associated with early breastfeeding cessation: a birth cohort study in two municipalities in the Recôncavo region, Bahia State, Brazil

This study aimed to identify the median duration of breastfeeding and associated factors in a cohort of 531 infants in two municipalities in the Rec?ncavo region, Bahia State, Brazil. Breastfeeding duration was estimated by survival analysis and its associations by the Cox multivariate model. Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed breastfeeding with complementary feeding, and total breastfeeding was 74.73, 211.25, and 432.63 days, respectively. Lack of prenatal care increased the risk of shortening exclusive breastfeeding by 167% (HR = 2.67; 95%CI: 1.85-3.83), of adopting mixed breastfeeding with complementary feeding by 82% (HR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.06-3.16), and of discontinuing breastfeeding entirely by 38% (HR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.06-1.81). Both maternal employment and residence in an urban area increased the risk of early breastfeeding cessation. Expansion of access to prenatal care and the safety network for employed mothers living in urban areas could increase breastfeeding duration in the target region.     

上海市0~6月龄婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行调查

目的 了解上海市0~6月龄婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行现状。方法 全覆盖问卷调查全市0~6月龄婴儿母亲共5 672名,排除仅进行人工喂养者后进行纯母乳知识、态度和行为情况调查。结果 0~6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率为51.34%,与混合喂养组相比,纯母乳喂养组在"正常6个月以内的婴儿食物"（χ2=10.02,P=0.002）和"对婴儿配方奶的看法"（χ2=21.30,P<0.001）等2项母乳喂养知识知晓率、纯母乳喂养信心（χ2=544.57,P<0.001）、母乳喂养方式（χ2=164.97,P<0.001）和维持泌乳方式（χ2=479.33,P<0.001）方面差异有统计学意义。希望通过门诊咨询（母乳喂养咨询室）获得母乳喂养支持的比例最高（56.11%）。结论 纯母乳喂养者的认知、态度和行为较混合喂养者更科学,应开展专业、有效的健康教育,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

Links Between Maternal Breast-Feeding Duration and Québec Infants’ Health: A Population-Based Study. Are the Effects Different for Poor Children?

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the health status of 5-month-old Quebec infants differs by poverty status. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development data of a sample of 2223 infants who were 5 months old. Two infant health indicators were considered: presence of chronic diseases and hospitalization for at least one night since birth. Differences in the associations between infant health and breastfeeding duration according to poverty status were explored using a logistic regression model and controlling for children's and mothers' characteristics. RESULTS: Infants of low-income mothers were breastfed less often and for shorter periods of time. At five months, they had poorer health compared with children from families with adequate income. However, a positive association between breastfeeding duration and these health indicators was observed and was independent of poverty level. There was no interaction between poverty level and breastfeeding duration for the two health indicators studied. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between maternal breastfeeding for 4 months or more and both hospitalizations before 5 months of age and chronic diseases are independent of family income level. However, low-income mothers breastfeed less often and for shorter periods of time. Interventions intended to promote and support breastfeeding should especially target mothers living in poverty conditions.     

重庆市6月龄婴儿喂养现状及母乳喂养影响因素研究

目的 调查重庆市大足区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养行为现状及其影响因素.方法 将重庆市大足区所有社区预防接种点进行编码,然后按照东、南、西、北分为4个地区,在每个地区随机选取1个社区预防接种点作为调查地点,采用偶遇法在调查时间段内对进入预防接种点的6月龄婴儿母亲进行婴儿喂养情况及母乳喂养相关因素的问卷调查,采用描述流行病学分析方...     

The epidemiology of breastfeeding cessation in sub-urban Lagos, Nigeria

Two hundred and forty mothers in a sub-urban community in Lagos were studied. Respondents were women who had children 0 -- 24 months of age. They were largely married women of low educational and socioeconomic background. Breastfeeding is commonly practised in this community. Nearly all the mothers (92.4%) breastfed for longer than six months and a large proportion (71.5%) breastfed up to 12 months. The proportion of male infants who were breastfed for longer than 12 months was higher than that of the female infants (75% vs. 67%) although the difference was not statistically significant (X² = 1.77, p=0.279). Older mothers (#lt35 years) tended to breastfeed for slightly longer period than their younger counterparts. There was a significant inverse association between mothers' level of education and the duration of breastfeeding (p = .035). The major reason for stopping breastfeeding as given by 62 percent (149 mothers) was that the child was old enough. The next important reason for stopping breast feeding was that the mother had to resume work. The “insufficient milk syndrome” as reported from many cultures of developed and developing countries of the world has not yet affected the Nigerian suburban women and was not an important reason for stopping breastfeeding.     

Prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in Asturias

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding, and factors associated with them, in Asturias (Spain). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. A stratified random sample of 453 infants was drawn on a population of 4,326 infants aged 0-8 months at the time of the study. Sociodemographic data, and information on pre- and perinatal care were obtained through a telephone survey in which mothers were also asked whether they were breastfeeding on the day of the telephone call. A univariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the prevalence curve of breastfeeding according to infant age, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the prevalence and covariates. The discontinuity index (DI) and the cumulative breastfeeding index (CBI) were also estimated as indicators of duration. RESULTS: A total of 418 telephone calls were made. The prevalence of initial exclusive breastfeeding was 51.4% (95% CI: 46.6-56.2%) which decreased to 14.9% at day 90 and to 8.7% at day 120. The DIs were 28.6% at day 30 and 71% at day 90. In the multivariate analysis the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was higher among mothers living in a rural or suburban area (OR = 5.69 and OR = 3.55, respectively), than among those living in urban areas. The prevalence was also higher among mothers with a university degree (OR = 3.90; 95% CI: 1.77-8.58), and among those who had been seen by a midwife during pregnancy (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04-4.38). A negative correlation was found between exclusive breastfeeding and the newborn having received food supplements during the first hours after birth (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of breastfeeding in Asturias, and especially its duration, is much lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Mothers living in urban areas do not follow the most appropriate patterns of breastfeeding.