大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫

目的 探讨大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫的手术方法及疗效.方法 2007年8月至2011年10月北京三博脑科医院进行12例大脑半球离断手术.经侧裂半球离断术1例,经纵裂半球离断并颞叶切除4例,中央区造瘘半球离断并颞叶切除5例,颞叶、岛盖切除岛周半球离断术2例.手术年龄平均7.6岁(2.1 ～11.9岁).结果 术后随访0.5 -4.5年,Engel Ⅰ级10例,EngelⅡ级1例,Engel Ⅲ级1例.术后因离断不完全再次行离断手术1例.术后患者的认知及生活能力较术前提高,无脑积水等严重神经功能损伤及死亡病例.结论 大脑半球离断术治疗儿童半球性难治性癫痫完全缓解率83％ (10/12),手术疗效确定,是治疗儿童半球病变性癫痫的安全、有效的方法.     

功能性大脑半球切除术治疗婴幼儿性偏瘫伴顽固性癫痫2例并文献复习

目的：探讨功能性大脑半球切除术治疗婴儿性偏瘫伴顽固性癫痫的临床疗效。方法对2例婴儿性偏瘫伴顽固性癫痫的患者行功能性大脑半球切除术,即主要以切除患者中央区和颞叶为主,并行额叶及顶枕叶的白质离断,术后随访观察其临床治疗效果。结果2例患者的癫痫发作均完全控制,较术前无新的神经功能缺失。结论严格把握功能性大脑半球切除术的手术指征,对婴幼儿性偏瘫伴难治性癫痫患者的癫痫发作可起到良好的疗效。     

岛周大脑半球离断术治疗药物难治性癫

目的探讨岛周大脑半球离断术治疗一侧半球性病变所致难治性癫的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析21例难治性癫的病例资料,均采用岛周大脑半球离断术。结果病理报告:Rasmussen脑炎7例,软化灶14例。术后随访2~4年,Engel分级:Ⅰ级18例(85.7%),Ⅱ级2例(9.5%),Ⅲ级1例(4.8%)。病人术后均可独立行走,病人认知及生活能力较术前改善,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。全部病人术后未出现严重神经功能损伤与死亡。结论岛周大脑半球离断术治疗半球性难治性癫手术疗效确定,是治疗半球病变性癫安全有效的方法。     

半球切开术治疗顽固性癫痫

目的 对于单侧大脑半球弥漫性病变引起的难治性癫痫,可以用大脑半球切除术或切开术治疗.本文总结作者最近进行的3例大脑半球切开术,同时进行了相应的文献复习.方法 3例难治性癫痫,男2例,女1例,年龄分别为7、11、和15岁.均为一侧半球病变,其中实施大脑半球完全切开术2例,后象限切开术1例.手术的目的是完全孤立致痫区域.结果 3例患者分别随访22、22、12个月,其中EngelⅠ A 2例,EngelⅡ B 1例.无长期神经功能障碍或死亡病例.结论 应用神经纤维离断技术进行大脑半球切开,可获得与切除术相同的控制癫痫的良好效果.     

大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫的疗效

目的 探讨大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫的手术经验及疗效。方法 回顾性 分析2013 年4 月—2017 年7 月北京功能神经外科研究所采用大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫患 者共22例,介绍手术方式,观察术后病理及疗效,记录并发症情况。结果 Engel Ⅰ级患者15例（占68%）, Engel Ⅱ级患者6例（占27%）,Engel Ⅲ级患者1例（占5%）。术后出现肢体功能障碍较术前加重的患者4 例, 1 例患者出现颅内感染,无一例出现含铁血黄素沉积症。结论 大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗半球病变 导致的难治性癫痫有较好的疗效,尤其适合那些运动、感觉、语言功能仍然存留在患侧的难治性癫痫患者。     

大脑半球切除治疗难治性癫痫的术前评估及手术改良(附58例报告)

目的 研究大脑半球切除治疗由一侧大脑半球广泛病变引起的难治性癫痫的术前评估及手术改良.方法 回顾性分析清华大学玉泉医院癫痫中心2006年11月至2011年7月58例行大脑半球切除治疗癫痫病例.根据患者的临床发作、影像学及脑电图特点进行癫痫起源一侧半球的定侧;根据功能磁共振、磁共振弥散成像、PET -CT等进行术前神经功能分析及术后神经功能预测;选择制定合适的半球切除手术计划.结果 58例均行一侧大脑半球切除,32例左侧半球,26例右侧半球,其中5例行保留运动区的大脑半球切除.无手术死亡,4例少量术腔出血,5例切口缺血愈合不良并脑脊液漏.随访1年至5年8个月,48例术后癫痫无发作;10例术后有程度不等的发作.按照Engle评分Ⅰ级48例(83％);Ⅱ级7例(12％);Ⅲ级3例(5％).结论 改良大脑半球切除对于一侧半球病变引起的难治性癫痫控制效果及脑功能代偿良好,无严重并发症,术后停药复发率低.     

大脑半球切除术治疗难治性癫痫近期疗效观察

目的研究大脑半球切除术治疗难治性癫痫的近期临床效果.方法对一侧半球病变伴难治性癫痫患者采用改良式半球切除术并随访临床效果.结果所有患者癫痫发作均得到有效控制,94.4% (34/36)得到完全控制.83.3%(30/36)神经功能缺失症状与术前相比无加重,其中13.9%(5/36)有不同程度的恢复.患者神经心理学评价均有不同程度的提高.结论对广泛大脑半球病变伴难治性癫痫的患者,行半球切除术,可使癫痫发作得到很好的控制.     

改良大脑半球切除术治疗难治性癫痫1例

目的探讨对一侧大脑半球结构性病变致难治性癫痫的治疗方法。方法难治性癫痫患者1例,经MRI证实其右侧大脑半球广泛软化。术前应用功能MRI和Wada试验等方法评估其大脑功能是否转移,并应用视频脑电图测定其癫痫放电的范围,应用大脑半球切除术进行治疗。结果术后患者无癫痫发作,语言及运动功能与术前无变化。结论大脑半球切除术是治疗由一侧半球结构病变引起的难治性癫痫的有效方法,术后不仅癫痫发作消失,而且神经功能不受影响。     

岛周半球离断术治疗儿童药物难治性癫痫二例

目的通过2例儿童药物难治性癫痫患者探讨儿童岛周半球离断术(PIH)的适应证、操作技术、手术效果。方法病例1为11岁男孩,诊断为药物难治性癫痫。临床表现为简单部分性发作,发作频繁。MRI示左侧大脑半球弥漫性软化灶,24h视频脑电图(24h-VEEG)示双侧中央、中线区为主大量痫性放电,左侧显著,可泛化。病例2为4岁男孩,诊断为创伤后药物难治性癫痫,临床表现为发作性跌倒。MRI示左侧颞叶软化灶,左侧半球萎缩,24h-VEEG显示左侧半球大量痫性放电。两例患儿都经过充分的术前评估和术前准备,行PIH,手术过程顺利。结果本文2例恢复良好,右侧肢体运动功能无明显下降,言语功能无明显影响。术后分别随访36个月、24个月未再有癫痫发作,疗效评估Engel I级,神经心理学评估显示智力有所提高。结论 PIH是功能性大脑半球切除术中的一种优化方法,对于儿童来说具有和大脑半球切除术相同的疗效,手术创伤相对较小,没有出现明显的并发症。     

大脑后部离断术治疗难治性癫痫1例临床分析

目的介绍一种新的治疗后脑病变引起的难治性癫痫的手术方法——大脑后部离断术,并就该手术方法和适应证进行讨论。方法应用大脑后部离断术治疗1例左侧后皮层广泛病变引发的成年难治性癫痫患者。该患者左侧顶叶、枕叶、颞叶脑软化、坏死、萎缩,但中央前后回和额叶皮层结构完整,左侧运动感觉语言功能仍然存在。手术方法为彻底离断顶枕叶、颞叶。结果手术后癫痫得到有效控制,随访6个月,只有2次轻微的复杂部分性发作,Engel分级Ⅱ级,没有新的神经损害并发症发生。结论后脑离断术可以有效治疗大脑后皮层病变所致的难治性癫痫,较多脑叶切除术有手术创伤小、省时、并发症少的优点。     

儿童难治性癫痫的外科治疗

目的 分析儿童难治性癫痫的病因、外科手术的适应证和预后.方法 回顾性分析采用外科手术治疗342例儿童癫痫的经验.结果 皮质发育障碍是本组儿童难治性癫痫的最重要病因,占18.4%.药物难治性癫痫综合征占13.5%.术后疗效Engel Ⅰ级158例,Ⅱ级76例,Ⅲ级61例,Ⅳ级47例.平均智商(1Q)从术前的69.2分提高到79.8分.术前显示智力低下者术后亦有明显改善.结论 早期外科干预能有效地控制癫痫发作、改善智力损害,智力低下不应是外科治疗的禁忌证.同时,正确认识儿童难治性癫痫的病凶和病理埘儿童癫痫的外科治疗具有重要作用.     

多脑叶离断治疗顽固性癫痫

目的 分析多脑叶离断手术治疗顽固性癫痫的预后及神经功能障碍.方法 回顾性分析本院收治的8例多脑叶离断病人临床资料,所有患者均为广泛半球病变,且保留一定的肢体感觉运动等中央区功能,手术方式均为保留中央区的多脑叶离断.随访内容包括发作症状,术后肢体肌力肌张力.结果 至随访结束,按Engel分级：Ⅰ级4例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级l例.肢体功能障碍轻微.结论 多脑叶离断手术可很好的控制半球病变引起的顽固性癫痫发作,是不适合半球切除或功能半球切除术病例的一个不错选择.     

Functional hemispherectomy is safe and effective in adult patients with epilepsy

IntroductionFunctional hemispherectomy (FH) is a well-established therapeutic option for children with epilepsy with parenchymal damage confined to one hemisphere, yet its application in adults remains rare. The intention of our study was to investigate postoperative clinical and epileptological outcome in adults who received FH for intractable epilepsy.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12 adult patients (18–56 years) with intractable epilepsy due to unihemispheric pathology. All patients underwent FH. Postoperative neurological and cognitive outcome as well as seizure status were evaluated with a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years.ResultsTen patients (83%) were seizure-free (Engel I), and two (17%) had recurrent seizures at last follow-up. Apart from one patient requiring operative revision for bone flap infection, no perioperative morbidity or mortality occurred. Postoperative functional assessment revealed deterioration of motor function in 7 patients, whereas 5 remained unchanged. Language was unchanged in 8 patients. The absence of background slowing in preoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) as well as ictal and interictal EEG patterns located ipsilateral to the side of surgery was associated with favorable seizure outcome.ConclusionFavorable seizure control and acceptable functional outcome can be achieved by FH in adults with intractable epilepsy. The risk of postoperative deficits is moderate and even older patients are able to manage postoperative motor impairment. Therefore, FH should be considered in case of unihemispheric lesions also in adults.     

Outcome and life prospects after surgical management of medically intractable epilepsy in patients under 18 years of age

A retrospective analysis of seizure outcome and quality of life assessment was done in 64 patients under 18 years of age with medically refractory epilepsy who underwent 64 primary and 16 repeat operative procedures in an attempt to control their epilepsy. At least 2 years' follow-up data were available for each patient. Operative procedures were 44 temporal lobe resections; 16 extratemporal resections; and 4 hemispherectomies. Effective control of previously intractable seizures was obtained in most patients: 55%, 11%, and 17% achieved Engel class I, II, and III status, respectively. Successful seizure control was thus obtained in 83%, while 17% (Engel class IV) failed to improve significantly after operation. Quality-of-life measures parallelled the improvements in seizures control, being highest in Engel I, outcome group and lowest in Engel IV outcome group. In appropriately selected pediatric and adolescent patients with medical refractory epilepsy, surgical management can offer a safe and effective adjunct to medication. Received: 25 March 1997     

MRI阴性的颞叶癫痫的外科治疗

目的 总结MRI阴性的颞叶癫痫的手术疗效.方法 对2004年4月至2009年12月间行前颞叶切除的并且MRI为阴性的32例颞叶癫痫患者的资料进行回顾性分析.包括术前检查、手术方式、术后病理及手术疗效.结果 Engel Ⅰ级为21例,占66％;EngelⅡ级为4例,占12％,EngelⅢ～Ⅳ级为7例,占22％,其中头皮视频脑电图痫波位于一侧颞叶的手术效果较好,86％可达到Engel Ⅰ级.结论 对MRI阴性的颞叶癫痫术前评估要更加全面,如检查结果趋于一致,手术效果良好,特别是癫痫样放电起源于一侧颞叶的手术效果更佳.     

Cortical resection with electrocorticography for intractable porencephaly-related partial epilepsy

PURPOSE: We evaluated the results of cortical resection of epileptogenic tissue for treatment of intractable porencephaly-related epilepsy. METHODS: We examined clinical features, electrophysiological data, surgical findings, and seizure outcomes after cortical resection in eight patients with intractable epilepsy related to porencephalic cysts. RESULTS: All eight patients had hemiparesis. Five retained motor function in the hemiparetic extremities; six retained visual fields. All had partial seizures, six with secondary generalization. Seven patients had simple and three had complex partial seizures (CPSs); two also had drop attacks. Four patients had multiple seizure types. Long-term scalp video-EEG (LVEEG) localized interictal epileptic abnormalities that anatomically corresponded to the cyst location in three patients. LVEEG recorded ictal-onset zones in five; these anatomically corresponded to the cyst location in three of the five. EEG recorded generalized seizures in two patients, hemispheric in one, and multifocal in two. Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) revealed interictal epileptic areas extending beyond the margins of the cyst in seven patients. We resected ECoG-localized interictal epileptic areas completely in five patients and partially in two. Cortical resection was based on seizure semiology and LVEEG in one patient whose ECoG showed no epileptiform discharges. After a minimum follow-up of 1 year, six patients had excellent seizure outcome (Engel class I), and two had a >90% seizure reduction (Engel class III) without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical resection guided by ECoG allows preservation of motor function and visual field and provides an effective surgical procedure for treatment of intractable epilepsy secondary to porencephaly.     

偏侧惊厥-偏瘫-癫痫综合征的外科治疗

目的 探讨偏侧惊厥-偏瘫-癫痫(HHE)综合征的临床特征及外科治疗效果.方法 对我院2004年-2009年收治的7例HHE综合征患者的临床资料进行分析,总结其临床、影像及脑电图特点,随访手术治疗后效果.结果 7例患者中2例为特发性HHE综合征,5例为症状性HHE综合征.其中4例患者行解剖性大脑半球切除术,2例患者行功能性大脑半球切除术,1例患者行颞前叶、颞叶内侧结构及顶后枕叶切除.术后随访5-32个月,Engel Ⅰ级4例,Engel Ⅱ级2例,Engel Ⅲ级1例.结论 HHE综合征在药物控制效果欠佳的情况下,可采用外科手术干预治疗,有助于改善患者的预后及生活质量.     

Outcome of hemispheric surgeries for refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients

BACKGROUND: Hemispheric brain lesions are commonly associated with early onset of catastrophic epilepsies and multiple seizure types. Hemispheric surgery is indicated for patients with unilateral intractable epilepsy. Although described more than 50 years ago, several new techniques for hemispherectomy have only recently been proposed aiming to reduce operatory risks and morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the clinical characteristics, presurgical workup, and postoperative outcome of a series of pediatric patients who underwent hemispherectomy for medically intractable epileptic seizures. Thirty-nine patients with medically intractable epilepsy underwent surgery from 1996 to 2005. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We analyzed demographic data, interictal and ictal EEG findings, age at surgery, surgical technique and complications, and postsurgical seizure outcome. There were 74.4% males. Tonic and focal motor seizures occurred in 30.8 and 20.5% of the patients. Most frequent etiologies were Rasmussen encephalitis (30.8%) and malformation of cortical development (23.1%). Postsurgical outcomes were Engel classes I and II for 61.5% of the patients. In general, 89.5% of the patients exhibited at least a 90% reduction in seizure frequency. All patients had acute worsening of hemiparesis after surgery. Basically, two surgical techniques have been employed, both with similar results, although a trend has been noted toward one of the procedures which produced consistently complete disconnection. Patients with hemispheric brain lesions usually have abnormal neurological development and intractable epilepsy. When video-EEG monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging show unilateral disease, the patient may evolve with a good surgical outcome. We showed that a marked reduction in seizure frequency may be achieved, with acceptable neurological impairments.     

小儿顽固性癫痫的外科治疗

目的回顾性分析2002年6月至2007年6月间,在我院接受手术治疗的142例儿童顽固性癫痫患者的手术经验。方法术前评估和术中脑电检查显示为局灶性改变者行致痫灶切除或脑叶切除和（或）多软膜下横纤维切断（MST）。检查提示一侧半球为主多灶性改变者,术中行多脑叶切除联合MST和/或胼胝体部分切开。结果本组随访1～5年,平均3年。142例中有65例获得I级（Engel分级）,34例获得Ⅱ级,25例为Ⅲ级预后。有效率87.3%,效果优良率为69.7%。平均总智商（FIQ）从术前的65.4分提高到80.9分,癫痫病程和术前药物难治的时间越短,智商改善越明显。本组有16例出现暂时性的并发症,无手术死亡。结论对小儿顽固性癫痫患者,只要病例选择适当,手术方式合理,其手术效果是令人满意的,对这类患儿的早期外科干预,不仅可以有效地控制癫痫发作,而且可改善已有的智力损害和减少生活残疾。     

Long-term socioeconomic outcome following surgical intervention in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in childhood and adolescence

Surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in childhood and adolescence has been shown to be effective in reducing the seizure frequency. This paper examines the question: “Does this result in a better socioeconomic outcome in later years?” Patients who underwent a surgical procedure for the treatment of their medically refractory epilepsy at our hospital, had more than 2-years' follow-up, and were less than 18 years old at time of survey were included. From a retrospective chart review, age at onset and at surgery, duration of seizures prior to surgery, years of follow-up, type of surgery, and neurological status were obtained. From a telephone survey, seizure frequency after surgery, marital, financial and driving status, level of education, and employment status were ascertained. Sixty-four patients in our epileptic surgical series meet entry criteria. Significantly higher levels of education, employment status and independence were found in patients with a class I Engel outcome compared to other Engel outcomes.