肺腺鳞癌临床特征与预后因素

目的:探讨肺腺鳞癌的临床特征与预后因素.方法:回顾性分析95例肺腺鳞癌,分别对临床特征及基因状态进行分析,生存率用Kaplan-Meier方法计算,生存率显著性检验分析用Log-rank法,单因素和多因素分析用COX风险比例回归模型.结果:95例肺腺鳞癌,以男性、超过60岁和吸烟患者为主,应用COX风险比例回归模型对肺腺鳞癌的性别、年龄、吸烟史、EGFR基因突变状态、ALK融合基因状态、分期、亚型方式和亚型类型进行分析,结果显示分期、亚型方式和亚型类型是肺腺鳞癌独立的预后因素(p＜0.05).结论:肺腺鳞癌主要发生在60岁以上的男性吸烟患者,影响其预后的因素主要为分期、亚型方式和亚型类型.     

肺鳞状细胞癌EGFR/ALK的基因状态

目的:探讨肺鳞状细胞癌各亚型中EGFR和ALK的基因状态.方法:应用ARMS方法检测肺鳞状细胞癌石蜡组织中EGFR基因突变和ALK融合基因情况.结果:218例肺鳞状细胞癌样本中,E GFR基因突变率为4.59％(10/218),19del和L858R各为2.29％(5/218).ALK融合基因阳性率为6.14％(7/114).结论:肺鳞状细胞癌存在一定比例EGFR基因突变和ALK融合基因阳性,肺鳞状细胞癌EGFR基因和ALK融合基因常规检测不可忽视.     

肺黏液表皮样癌的分子特征

目的:探讨肺黏液表皮样癌的分子特征.方法:回顾性对2013年7月至2016年12月13例病理确诊并接受治疗的肺黏液表皮样癌临床特征和分子特点进行分析.结果:EGFR基因突变率为15.38%(2/13),且2例均为L861Q点突变,EGFR基因状态与性别(P=1.000)、年龄(P=1.000)、吸烟史(P=0.848)及分期(P=1.000)均无相关性;MAML2融合基因阳性率为45.45%(5/11),MAML2融合基因状态与性别(P=0.521)、年龄(P=0.521)、吸烟史(P=1.000)及分期(P=0.924)均无相关性(P>0.05).结论:肺黏液表皮样癌中EGFR基因最常见的突变为L861Q,EGFR基因野生型患者中存在MALM2基因融合.     

肺原发性大细胞癌及肉瘤样癌的病理特征和鉴别诊断

2004年出版的WHO肺肿瘤组织学分类（第4版）将肺癌分为鳞状细胞癌，小细胞癌、腺癌、大细胞癌、腺鳞癌、肉瘤样癌，类癌和唾液腺型肿瘤8个主要类型，其中肺大细胞癌及肉瘤样癌同属于发生于肺的低分化或未分化癌，有多种形态学表现，根据病理形态学特征，肺大细胞癌及肉瘤样癌又分为数个亚型，可能造成诊断上的混淆。     

276例手术切除肺腺癌亚型与EGFR/ALK基因状态

目的:探讨手术切除肺腺癌各亚型EGFR和ALK基因状态分布.方法:应用ARMS方法检测手术切除肺腺癌石蜡组织中EGFR基因突变和ALK融合基因情况.结果:276例肺腺癌手术样本中,EGFR基因突变率为54.71％(151/276),其中19del为28.99％(80/276),L858R为23.19％(64/276),20-ins为0.72％(2/276),L861Q为0.72％(2/276),G719X为1.09％(3/276),S768I为0.36％(1/276)和T790M为0.72％(2/276),其中包含G719X+S768I,19del+T790M,L858R+T790M各1例,ALK基因融合阳性率为5.80％(12/207),在肺腺癌各亚型中EGFR基因突变附壁状腺癌,腺泡状腺癌,乳头状腺癌,实体状腺癌和浸润性黏液腺癌之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001,P=0.009,P=0.023,P＜0.001和P=0.030),与其他类型之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在肺腺癌各亚型中ALK融合基因突变各亚型之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:肺腺癌组织学亚型与EGFR基因突变有关,附壁状腺癌、腺泡状腺癌和乳头状腺癌出现EGFR基因突变比其他亚型更加明显.     

对食管癌肉瘤与肉瘤样癌的初步探讨

对食管癌肉瘤与肉瘤样癌的初步探讨黄志勇乔振亚章宜芬周祀侨贡仁武一、材料和方法收集南京市鼓楼医院、涟水县人民医院、宿迁市人民医院和淮安市人民医院１９８０年１月～１９９５年１月食管癌切除标本中临床和病理资料完整的２０例食管癌肉瘤。男１５例，女５例。年龄４...     

膀胱肉瘤样癌1例

患者女性 ,74岁。因无痛性全程肉眼血尿伴血块 ,不能自行排尿 ,尿憋胀半年余 ,加重 1日入院。Ｂ超示膀胱内可见 4 3ｃｍ× 1 9ｃｍ不均质强回声团块。膀胱镜直视下实施手术。手术中见膀胱壁近膀胱颈部偏右侧可见一 3ｃｍ× 3ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ大小菜花样肿物 ,上有一根小血管向外喷血 ,肿物为广基。用ＬＯＯＰ电切刀将部分肿物切除 ,切除组织送病检。病理检查　眼观 :灰白、灰褐色不整形破碎组织一堆 ,总体积 1 5ｃｍ× 1 0ｃｍ× 1 0ｃｍ ,质地较硬 ,无明显包膜。镜检 :肿瘤组织中有低分化的腺癌成分 ,又可见由梭形和多形异型细胞构成的肉瘤样成…     

肾肉瘤样癌研究进展

肾肉瘤样癌(sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma,sRCC)是肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)亚型的一种变异,不是一个单独的类型,它可以发生在任何肾细胞癌亚型。临床上讲,肾肉瘤样癌具有生长迅速、诊断时高转移率、对治疗反应差、预后差和较短总生存期的特点。由于对肾肉瘤样癌研究有限,导致在理解和治疗这种肿瘤方面进步微小。因为这个疾病占晚期疾病的10%~20%,占肾细胞癌死亡率的首位,所以肾肉瘤样癌是一个需要所有临床医生熟悉的重要疾病。     

小肠肉瘤样癌临床病理分析

目的探讨小肠肉瘤样癌的临床病理学特点及免疫组织化学表型。方法采用光镜结合免疫组化SP法对6例小肠肉瘤样癌标本进行观察分析。结果6例小肠肉瘤样癌患者中男性5例,女性1例;年龄43～72岁,平均61．3岁。肿瘤平均直径为5．5cm。呈菜花状或息肉状。光镜下可见3种肿瘤细胞：上皮样细胞、梭形细胞及间变性细胞,多呈片状或束状排列,偶呈巢状排列。免疫组化显示：6例vimentin、CKpan、EMA及CK7均为强阳性;CK20有两例弱阳性;CEA有1例弱阳性;NSE及Syn在6例均为阳性表达,CgA3例阳性,阳性强度为弱阳性～中等阳性;Ki-67阳性指数为37％～73％,平均值为51．6％。随访4例患者在术后2～7个月内死亡。结论小肠肉瘤样癌罕见,多发于老年男性,免疫组化证实有上皮及神经内分泌分化,预后很差,免疫组化在鉴别诊断中很重要。     

手术切除肺神经内分泌癌的临床特征与预后因素

目的:探讨手术切除肺神经内分泌癌的临床特征与预后因素.方法:回顾性分析65例手术切除肺神经内分泌癌患者的临床特征、基因状态,用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,其显著性检验分析用Log-rank法,单因素和多因素分析用COX风险比例回归模型.结果:65例肺神经内分泌癌患者的临床特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基因状态改变以PIK3CA基因突变为主,小细胞癌(26.7个月)、大细胞神经内分泌癌(30.4个月)和类癌中位生存时间(未达到)差异有统计学意义(P=0.039);小细胞癌单因素分析基因类型、癌症分期,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:肺神经内分泌癌基因状态改变少见,以PIK3CA基因突变为主,肺神经内分泌癌分子表达谱种类丰富且不同亚型表达谱不同,类癌生存明显高于肺大细胞神经内分泌癌和小细胞癌.     

Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in patients with renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation

Renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation (RCCs) is rare, accounting for 1–8% of all RCC histological subtypes. In this study, we examined 139 patients with RCCs and aimed to explore their clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors. From January 2007 to January 2019, patients who were pathologically diagnosed with RCCs were included in this retrospective study. Data on clinicopathologic features and overall survival were collected. The expression of CK, vimentin, CK7, and CD10 in the sarcomatoid regions of RCCs was detected. The Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to describe the effect of clinicopathologic characteristics on overall survival. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate risk factors for prognosis. A total of 139 patients with RCCs were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years. The median survival time of all patients was 39 months. The three- and five-year survival rates were 50.2% and 44.0%, respectively. A high pathologic T stage (pT3 and pT4), microvascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis were significant predictors of prognosis. Pathologic T4 stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with RCCs. Furthermore, the expression of CD10 was a prognostic factor for overall survival. In this study, a relatively large cohort of patients with RCCs was analyzed. We summarized the clinicopathologic features of RCCs and explored the risk factors for prognosis. Our findings may provide valuable prediction for clinical strategy.     

Development and validation of a comprehensive radiomics nomogram for prognostic prediction of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma after surgical resection

Objective: This study aimed to establish and validate a radiomics nomogram comprised of clinical factors and radiomics signatures to predict prognosis of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma (PHSC) patients after surgical resection.Methods: In this retrospective study, 79 patients with pathological confirmation of PHSC and underwent surgical resection were recruited. A radiomics nomogram was developed by radiomics signatures and independent clinical risk factors selecting from multivariate Cox regression. All patients were stratified as high risk and low risk by nomogram. Model performance and clinical usefulness were assessed by C-index, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and survival curve.Results: A total of 79 PHSC were included with 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of 63.3% and 35.4%, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method selected 3 features. Multivariate Cox analysis found six independent prognostic factors. The radiomics nomogram showed a significant prediction value with overall survival (HR: 7.111, 95%CI: 3.933-12.858, P<0.001). C-index of nomogram was 0.855 and 0.829 in training and validation set, respectively. Decision curve analysis validated the clinical utility of this nomogram. There was a significant difference in the 1-year and 3-year survival rates of stratified high-risk and low-risk patients in the whole cohort (30.6% vs. 90.1% and 5.6% vs. 62.4%, respectively, P < 0.001).Conclusion: This radiomics nomogram serve as a potential tool for predicting prognosis of PHSC after surgical resection, and help to identify high risk patients who may obtain feeble survival benefit from surgical resection.     

Differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma from true sarcoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma using immunohistochemistry

Differentiation of sarcomatoid mesothelioma from other sarcomatoid tumors involving the pleura and other structures by light microscopy remains an important diagnostic challenge for surgical pathologists. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the utility of diagnostic immunohistochemistry for differentiating sarcomatoid mesothelioma from its histological mimics: true sarcoma and pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. A total of 39 specimens of mesotheliomas with sarcomatoid components, 43 specimens of true sarcomas, and nine specimens of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas were obtained from Japanese patients and examined using a 10-antibody panel (calretinin, WT1, AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, CD34, and CD68). CAM5.2 had the highest sensitivity and specificity for differentiating sarcomatoid mesothelioma from true sarcoma. The combination of CAM5.2, WT1, and AE1/AE3 is recommended for routine pathological diagnosis. Accurate clinical information is necessary for differentiating sarcomatoid mesothelioma from sarcomatoid carcinoma.